The following are the countries imported from:

Great Britain..

United States

British North American colonies..

Other foreign States, viz: West Indies, France, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Holland, Sicily, Spanish West Indies, and China....

Total...

$7,358,988

1,081,372 252,292

484,512

9,177,164

The trade between Montreal and the lower colonies is shown by the following statement of the value of imports and exports, and number of barrels of flour sent in:

The exports for 1851, being all cleared outward, are much greater than in any former year; but the imports of 1843 and 1844 were greater, because at that time all imports for Upper Canada were entered inward at Montreal, but, since the opening of the St. Lawrence canals, a great portion of these pass upwards, and are credited to the different inland ports.

The trade between Montreal and the United States is divided with the frontier ports of St. John and Rouse's Point, on Lake Champlain, and cannot be separated.

The imports entered at Montreal and St. John from the United States were:

The change here shown in the exports at St. John was caused chiefly by the movement of timber and lumber. Large quantities, in 1850, went to the Hudson river market through Lake Champlain; but, in 1851, the Quebec market was the most profitable, and thither all shipments tended.

Inland ports.

The trade of the inland ports is somewhat complicated by the manner of making the imports. These consist of four classes, viz: Imports purchased in the United States. 2. Imports imported in bond through the United States. 3. Imports by sea, via Montreal and Quebec, under frontier bond; and lastly, imports, coastwise, of purchases in Montreal and Quebec, of which no account is kept. The value of imports, as shown by the custom-house, gives an indication of the direct trade only; none of the importance of the consumption of the port.

There are about sixty-eight inland ports, of which about thirty are warehousing ones. Of these the trade of the greater number is exclusively with the United States, either in domestic or bonded articles. But the more important lake ports are rapidly establishing a direct trade by sea with the gulf ports and the lower colonies, and very probably will soon engage in the fisheries, for which they can fit out and provision at the cheapest rates.

As the trade between Canada and the United States is almost wholly conducted through the inland ports, a summary of that trade is here given. The imports, as shown by the custom-houses of each country, are taken as the true measure of the exports of the other.

The following statement shows the imports from, and exports to, Canada for the year 1851:

The active intercourse between Canada and the United States may be seen from the following statement of the tonnage inward and outward in 1851:

The decrease in the imports from Canada has been explained by the increased quantity which has descended the St. Lawrence to Montreal. The principal articles of import from Canada are flour, wheat, lumber, cattle and horses, oats, barley and rye, wool, butter and eggs.

The principal exports to Canada are tea, tobacco, cotton and woollen manufactures, hardware, sugars, leather and its manufactures, coffee, salt, India-rubber goods, hides, machinery, fruits, and wooden-ware.

Of the imports from Canada $1,593,324 worth were received in bond, so that the value of Canada produce which paid duty was only about $1,600,000, while that of domestic export to Canada, on which duties were levied, was $5,495,873. The duty levied on imports from Canada for 1851 was $373,496, while that levied on exports to Canada (including bonded goods) amounted to $1,190,956.

The relative trade with the United States and other countries, at the leading inland ports, was as follows in 1851:

The progress of the inland ports is shown by the values on imports for the following years:

The principal inland ports upon Lake Erie are Stanley, Dover, Dunnville, Sarina, and Sandwich; on Ontario, Toronto, Hamilton, Kingston, Belleville, Cobourg, Hope, Oakville, and Whitby; on the St. Lawrence, Brockville, Prescott, and Gananoque; and in Lower Canada, St. John, Phillipsburg, and Stanstead.

The population of Toronto has doubled in the last ten years, and is now 30,000. Hamilton, now containing 14,000, has been equally progressive. The imports show their commercial progress to have been equally rapid; and there can be little doubt that in Upper Canada the export of produce, and the import and consumption of all the substantial and necessary products of civilization, are as high, per head, as in the best agricultural districts of the United States.

There yet remains one route of importation to be noticed, viz: via Hudson's bay and Lake Superior. Nearly one-half of the imports at Sault Ste. Marie are by this route. It is impossible to say what may

yet be done in this quarter. The distance from the shores of Superior to those of Hudson's bay is no greater than that between the Hudson river, at Albany, and Lake Erie, at Buffalo; and the sea-route to Britain is shorter this way than by the lakes and Montreal, New York, or Boston. All the supplies and exports of the Hudson's Bay Company are carried by sea; and although the season of navigation is very Imited, yet it embraces an important part of the year.

The two following tables are important as showing the imports and exports inland:

Dutiable imports (principal articles) into Canada from the United States in 1851.