This table demonstrates that of the produce of Ohio-beef, pork, lard, flour, and corn-nearly the whole quantity, as exported from Cincinnati, goes down the river; a small portion only up the river; and but a small fractional part northward by canal or railway. On the other hand, coffee, sugar, and molasses-productions of the Southtend northward. Sugar and molasses are carried, through Cincinnati, to the borders of the lakes; while coffee, as we have seen, principally imported from Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, finds its way by the lakes to Cincinnati.

The result of the tables hereinbefore adduced is to prove that the trade of the Ohio valley originates in and is controlled by itself. All the produce of Ohio, from a line running through Piqua, Newark, Dresden, &c., tends to the Ohio valley. All the tobacco, hogs, cattle, salt, and lumber of Kentucky and Virginia, for one hundred and fifty miles south of the Ohio, tend to the Ohio river, and by that route mostly to Cincinnati. All the produce, of whatever kind, concentrated in the Ohio valley, looks for transport to the Ohio river, instead of passing northward by canal or railway-in the ratio of ten to one. The articles of sugar and molasses will, in future, be supplied to Ohio and Indiana almost exclusively by way of the Ohio river. The construction of railroads, by facilitating distribution, is augmenting that tendency, and thence the business of distributing in Cincinnati is greatly on the increase. For the same reason, much of the coffee which has heretofore been bought in the North will hereafter be imported, at first hands, from Brazil and Cuba, entered at the port of Cincinnati, and distributed by the jobbing houses of that city.

Cincinnati, being the most prominent city in the valley of the Ohio, deserves a more specific notice.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

This is the largest city west of the Alleghanies, and is situated on the northern bank of the Ohio, in latitude 39° 6′ 30′′ north, and longitude 7° 24′ 25′′ west from Washington. Its site is just opposite the mouth of the Licking river, which comes into the Ohio between Newport and Covington, Kentucky. It is distant from New Orleans about 1,450 miles; from Pittsburg, 455 miles; from Louisville, 132 miles; and from the mouth of the Ohio about 500 miles by the course of the rivers; from Baltimore, 500 miles; from Philadelphia, 600, and from New York, 650 miles, by post-route. The population in 1800 was 750 persons; in 1810, 2,540; in 1820, 9,602; in 1830, 24,831; in 1840, 46,338; and in 1850, 116,108. This exhibition of increase in population has rarely been equalled by any city on the globe; and there is very little doubt that the same, or a greater ratio of augmentation will be preserved during the present period of ten years, to elapse previous to 1860.

The numerous railways in process of construction, and already in operation, which will be tributary to her business, must have a very beneficial and prosperous effect upon her growth. The Ohio and Mississippi road, which will connect her with St. Louis, the next great western mart in point of size, by almost an air-line, cannot but be very

advantageous to her business interests, by opening to her trade a section of country which has heretofore had no access to markets of such importance as these two cities.

A full description of this and all other railway and canal routes leading to or from Cincinnati will be found in another part of this report, devoted especially to such improvements.

The commerce of Cincinnati, as has been seen by the preceding notes on Ohio commerce, and will be more fully illustrated by the following tables, is immense, embracing almost every variety of production and manufactures. The river, at the point where the city is located, is about six hundred yards in width, and its mean annual range from low to high water is about fifty feet. In the midsummer the water is sometimes so low as almost to prevent the navigation of the river by steamers above the city; generally, however, boats of light draught can proceed to Pittsburg without much difficulty, except they may be prevented a few weeks in midwinter by floating ice.

The succeeding tables, prepared by direction of the Chamber of Commerce of Cincinnati, exhibit the commerce of the port in detail, giving the quantity and character of the articles entering into its composition during the period of five years past.

Imports into Cincinnati, from all sources, for 1847-'48, 1848-49, 1849-'50, 1850-51, 1851-'52.

It will be observed that the articles enumerated in the foregoing table comprise the whole importations into Cincinnati, whether from up the river, down the river, by canal or railway, by land or water.

The value of these imports, independent of the item of merchandise and sundries, was estimated for the year ending August 31, 1852, at the sum of $24,715,331. Estimating merchandise upon the basis of valuation used in the Miami and other districts on the lakes, would give a farther amount of $32,146,400-making the aggregate import commerce amount to $56,861,731.

Statement of the principal articles of export from Cincinnati by all land and water routes for the years 1847-'48, 1848-'49, 1849-'50, 1850-'51, 1851-'52.

A glance at the table of exports will satisfy the observer that the exports are of the same articles as the imports, and that the major part of the property here noted is merely in transitu, passing through the commercial houses of Cincinnati on its way to a northern or southern destination.

Many articles, it will also be observed, are much modified in their shape during their stay-such as pork, lard, whiskey, tallow, &c. These tables possess much interest, as showing the course of trade at this point, as well as exhibiting its nature and character more fully than can be otherwise done.

PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

The city of Pittsburg is situated in the western part of Pennsylvania, at the head of navigation on the Ohio river, which is formed at that point by the union of the waters of the Alleghany and Monongahela. It is in 42° 30' north latitude, and 80° 2' west longitude; 230 miles from Baltimore, and 297 from Philadelphia; 200 miles from Harrisburg, and 226 from Washington. It had a population, with its suburbs, in 1800, of 1,565 persons, and in 1850, of about 83,000. The enumeration of the inhabitants of the city proper was, in 1810, 4.768; in 1820, 7,248; in 1830, 12,542; in 1840, 21,115; and in 1850, with its suburbs, 83,000. This number for 1850 includes Alleghany city, of upwards of 20,000 inhabitants, and some smaller places in the vicinity. Alleghany county, of which Pittsburg is the principal town, had a pop