resolution of flying away from us. I think I told you last time we were together my opinion about the Deulle.

The honest gentlemen upon the bench bid me tell you, they would be glad to see you often among them. We shall be there 5 all the warm hours of the day during the present posture of affairs.

This happy opening of the campaign will, I hope, give us a very joyful summer; and I propose to take many a pleasant walk with you, if you will sometimes come into the Park; for that is the 10 only place in which I can be free from the malice of my enemies. Farewell till three-a-clock to-morrow morning.

I am

Your most humble servant, etc.

P.S. The king of Sweden is still at Bender.

15 I should have fretted myself to death at this promise of a second visit, if I had not found in his letter an intimation of the good news which I have since heard at large. I have, however, ordered my maid to tie up the knocker of my door, in such a 20 manner as she would do if I was really indisposed. By which means I hope to escape breaking my morning's rest.2

No. 162.

SATURDAY, APRIL 22, 1710.

Tertius e caelo cecidit Cato.-JUV. SAT, 2.

From my own apartment, April 21. In my younger years I used many endeavours to get a place at court, and indeed continued my pursuit till I arrived at my grand climacteric; but at length altogether despairing of success, whether it 25 were for want of capacity, friends, or due applica

2 The 1710 version does not end here. See Notes.

tion, I at last resolved to erect a new office, and for my encouragement, to place myself in it. For this reason, I took upon me the title and dignity of "Censor of Great Britain," reserving to myself all such perquisites, profits, and emoluments as should 5 arise out of the discharge of the said office. These in truth have not been inconsiderable; for besides those weekly contributions which I receive from John Morphew, and those annual subscriptions which I propose to myself from the most elegant 10 part of this great island, I daily live in a very comfortable affluence of wine, stale beer, Hungary water, beef, books, and marrow bones, which I receive from many well-disposed citizens; not to mention the forfeitures which accrue to me from the 15 several offenders that appear before me on court days.

Having now enjoyed this office for the space of a twelvemonth, I shall do what all good officers ought to do, take a survey of my behaviour, and 20 consider carefully whether I have discharged my duty, and acted up to the character with which I am invested. For my direction in this particular, I have made a narrow search into the nature of the old Roman Censors, whom I must always regard, 25 not only as my predecessors, but as my patterns in this great employment; and have several times asked my own heart with great impartiality, whether Cato will not bear a more venerable figure among posterity than Bickerstaffe? 1

I find the duty of the Roman Censor was twofold. The first part of it consisted in making fre

1 1710, Bickerstaff.

30

quent reviews of the people, in casting up their numbers, ranging them under their several tribes, disposing them into proper classes, and sub-dividing them into their respective centuries.

5 In compliance with this part of the office, I have taken many curious surveys of this great city. I have collected into particular bodies the dappers and the smarts, the natural and affected rakes, the pretty fellows and the very pretty fellows. I have 10 likewise drawn out in several distinct parties your pedants and men of fire, your gamesters and politicians. I have separated cits from citizens, freethinkers from philosophers, wits from snuff-takers, and duellists from men of honour. I have likewise 15 made a calculation of esquires, not only considering the several distinct swarms of them that are settled in the different parts of this town, but also that more rugged species that inhabit the fields and woods, and are often found in pot houses, and upon 20 hay-cocks.

I shall pass the soft sex over in silence, having not yet reduced them into any tolerable order; as likewise the softer tribe of lovers, which will cost me a great deal of time, before I shall be able to 25 cast them into their several centuries and sub-divisions.

The second part of the Roman Censor's office was to look into the manners of the people, and to check any growing luxury, whether in diet, 30 dress, or building. This duty likewise I have endeavoured to discharge, by those wholesome precepts which I have given my countrymen in regard to beef and mutton, and the severe censures which I

have passed upon ragouts and fricassees. There is not, as I am informed, a pair of red heels to be seen within ten miles of London, which I may likewise ascribe, without vanity, to the becoming zeal which I expressed in that particular. I must own, 5 my success with the petticoat is not so great; but as I have not yet done with it, I hope I shall in a little time put an effectual stop to that growing evil. As for the article of building, I intend hereafter to enlarge upon it, having lately observed sev- 10 eral warehouses, nay, private shops, that stand upon Corinthian pillars, and whole rows of tin pots showing themselves, in order to their sale, through a sash window.

I have likewise followed the example of the Ro- 15 man Censors, in punishing offences according to the quality of the offender. It was usual for them to expel a senator who had been guilty of great immoralities out of the senate house, by omitting his name when they called over the list of his zo brethren. In the same manner, to remove effectually several worthless men who stand possessed of great honours, I have made frequent draughts of dead men out of the vicious part of the nobility, and given them up to the new society of upholders, 25 with the necessary order for their interment. As the Roman Censors used to punish the knights or gentlemen of Rome, by taking away their horses from them, I have seized the canes of many criminals of figure, whom I had just reason to animad- 30 vert upon. As for the offenders among the common people of Rome, they were generally chastised, by being thrown out of a higher tribe, and placed

in one which was not so honourable. My reader cannot but think I have had an eye to this punishment, when I have degraded one species of men. into bombs, squibs, and crackers, and another into 5 drums, bass-viols, and bagpipes; not to mention whole packs of delinquents whom I have shut up in kennels, and the new hospital which I am at present erecting, for the reception of those of my countrymen who give me but little hopes of their amend10 ment, on the borders of Moorfields. I shall only observe upon this particular, that since some late surveys I have taken of this island, I shall think it necessary to enlarge the plan of the buildings which I design in this quarter.

15

When my great predecessor Cato the elder stood for the censorship of Rome, there were several other competitors who offered themselves; and to get an interest among the people, gave them great promises of the mild and gentle treatment which 20 they would use towards them in that office. Cato on the contrary told them, he presented himself as a candidate, because he knew the age was sunk in immorality and corruption; and that if they would give him their votes, he would promise them to make use 25 of such a strictness and severity of discipline as should recover them out of it. The Roman historians, upon this occasion, very much celebrated the public-spiritedness of that people, who chose Cato for their Censor, notwithstanding his method 30 of recommending himself. I may in some measure extol my own countrymen upon the same account, who, without any respect to party, or any applica