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Can such a state of things long continue, especially with the ever-present risk of new causes of exasperation? I own it seems to me impossible, unless some healing course is adopted, that the catastrophe, which the mass of good citizens deprecate, should be much longer delayed. A spirit of patriotic moderation must be called into action throughout the Union, or it will assuredly be broken up. Unless the warfare of inflammatory speeches and incendiary publications is abandoned, and good citizens, as in 1776 and 1787, North and South, will agree to deal with the same elements of discord (for they existed then as now), as our Fathers dealt with them, we shall but for a very few years longer be even nominally brethren of one family. The suggestion that the Union can be maintained by the numerical predominance and military prowess of one section, exerted to coerce the other into submission, is, in my judgment, as self-contradictory as it is dangerous. It comes loaded with the death smell from fields wet with brothers' blood. If the vital principle of all republican government" is the consent of the governed," much more does a union of coequal sovereign States require, as its basis, the harmony of its members and their voluntary coöperation in its organic functions.

215

blood of an unarmed, defenceless man, and he a Senator of Massachusetts: if by laying down my life this hour, I could undo what has been done the last two years (beginning with the disastrous repeal of the Missouri Compromise) to embitter the different parts of the country against each other, and weaken the ties which unite them, I would willingly, cheerfully, make the sacrifice.

In a letter, written subsequently, in explanation of these remarks, Mr. Everett saidI have condemned from the outset, and still most decidedly condemn the policy of the late Administration towards Kansas. I opposed the Kansas-Nebraska bill in the Territorial Committee, of which I was a member. I voted against the amendment to the bill by which the Missouri Compromise was repealed. I opposed the bill to the best of my ability, in a speech delivered in the Senate on the 8th of February, 1854, of which I send you a copy; and I should have voted against it on its passage (as I stated in my place at the next meeting of the Senate) had not severe illness compelled me, at 3 o'clock in the morning, to leave the Senate chamber before the vote was taken. I informed my Southern political friends, when Believing, for these reasons, that healing counsels must the bill was brought in, that it ought to be entitled a bill be listened to, if we are much longer to remain one people, to "annihilate all conservative feeling in the non-slaveI regard the late National Union Convention as a move-holding States." With these views of the subject, though, ment in the right direction. I could wish that it had been as I trust, for reasons higher than any effect on party earlier assembled; with less exclusive reference to official politics, Ifully concurred in the main line of argument nominations, and with a more comprehensive representa- in Mr. Sumner's speech. Abstaining, however, habitution, if possible, of the conflicting opinions of the country. ally myself from all personalities in debate, and believing On general principles and in ordinary times, I admit that that they always irritate and never persuade nor convince third parties are objectionable, but in the existing state I could not of course bestow my " unqualified approbation" of affairs, if there is to be any escape from the present illon the manner in which he treated the subject. omened conflict, it would seem that a commencement must be made with such a meeting as that of the 9th and 10th, at Baltimore. It was a fair representation of the conservative opinion of the country; and the calmness, gravity and good feeling with which its proceedings were conducted, cannot be too highly praised.

GEORGIA ON EVERETT.

On the accession of Gen. Harrison to the Presidency, in 1840, he nominated the Hon. In adopting as its platform the Constitution without this nomination was resisted with great pertiEdward Everett as minister to England, and note or comment, the Convention, as it seems to me, pursued a wise and patriotic course. No other course was nacity by the entire force of the Democratic thought of in the earlier days of the Republic. Elec-party in the Senate, on the ground of Mr. tioneering platforms are almost without exception equivo- Everett's Anti-Slavery sentiments, already quocal and delusive. It is objected that men differ as to the meaning of the fundamental law; but they differ not less ted. as to any gloss or commentary. The Constitution, in its fair and natural interpretation, is the only basis on which good citizens in every part of the country can now unite; and any attempt to go further will usually have no other effect than to cause those who agree on great practical principles to differ on metaphysical subtleties, or to bring together, by artfully constructed phrases and from selfish

motives, those who have nothing else in common.

The candidate for the Presidency, presented by the Union Convention, is every way worthy of confidence and support. I speak from personal knowledge and long association with him in the public service. His distinguished talent, large experience in public affairs, proved integrity and sterling patriotism furnish the amplest pledge for an honest and efficient administration of the government at home and abroad. A citizen of the South, and loyal to her constitutional rights, his impartial and conciliatory course as a public man affords a ground on which he can be supported in either section of the country, without dereliction of principle, and by men of all parties, without a painful sacrifice of former preferences.

Deeply regretting that the Convention has not put it in my power to pay an equally cordial and emphatic tribute to some worthy candidate for the Vice-Presidency, but feeling it a duty to give the desired proof of sympathy with their patriotic efforts to restore the happy days of brotherly concord between the different sections of our beloved country. I remain, dear sir, sincerely yours, EDWARD EVERETT.

MR. EVERETT ON SUMNER.

Soon after the brutal assault on Charles Sumner, in 1856, Mr. Everett, in some remarks delivered at Taunton, Mass., referred to the subject as follows:

The civil war, with its horrid train of pillage, fire, and slaughter, carried on, without the slightest provocation, against the infant settlements of our brethren on the frontier of the Union; the worse than civil war which has for months raged unrebuked at the Capital of the Union, and has at length, by an act of lawless violence, of which I know no parallel in the history of Constitutional Government, stained the floor of the Senate chamber with the

The Whigs having a majority in the Senate, the nomination, after a severe struggle, was confirmed. Among those voting for the Confirmation was the Hon. James McPherson Berrien, of Georgia; but his vote on this occa sion was so distasteful to the people of Georgia that the legislature of that State adopted the following resolve:

Resolved, That the opinions publicly proclaimed by and obligation of Congress to abolish Slavery in the DisEdward Everett, now minister to England, of the power trict of Columbia, to interdict the slave-trade between the States, and to refuse the admission into the Union of any character, subversive of the rights of the South, and if Territory tolerating Slavery, are unconstitutional in their carried out, will destroy this Union; and that the Hon. John McPherson Berrien, in sustaining for an important appointment, an individual holding such obnoxious sentiments, has omitted a proper occasion to give an efficient check to such sentiments, and in so doing has not truly represented the opinions or wishes of the people of Georgia, of either political party.

The vote of the legislature on the adoption of this resolve was: In the Senate, Ayes 40; Nays 0. In the House, Ayes 101; Nays 40.

JUDGE DOUGLAS ON THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE.

In a speech delivered at Springfield, Ill., in 1849, Senator Douglas, in speaking of the Missouri Compromise, said:

It has received the sanction of all parties in every sec tion of the Union. It had its origin in the hearts of all patriotic men who desired to preserve and perpetuate the blessings of our glorious Union-an origin akin to that of the Constitution of the United States, conceived in the same spirit of fraternal affection, and calculated to remove forever the only danger which seemed to threaten at some distant day to sever the sacred bond of Union. All the evidences of public opinion seem to indicate that this Compromise has become canonized in the hearts of the American people as a sacred thing, which no ruthless hand would be reckless enough to disturb.

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Total...... 67379 39080 3325 32543 41609 8030 35125 39880 12096 34378 45719 4886 46612 46201

Fremont over Buchanan, 28,299; Pierce over Scott, 9,066; Cass over Taylor, 4,755; Polk over Clay, 11,841; Harrison over Van Buren, 411. Mr. James G. Birney received 194 votes in this State, in 1840.

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Dem. F. Soil.

Whig.
Whig. Dem. Free D. Whig. Dem. Abo. Whig. Dem.
Frem't Buc'an Fill' re. Scott. Pierce. Hale. Taylor. Cass. Van B. Clay. Polk. Birney. Ha'son Van B.

COUNTIES.

Rep. Dem. Am.

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21

Carroll

2185 2511

17

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56

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89 7081 5326 85 4949 4780 43 111 20 28

787 1887 262 610 1769 334 864 1701 248 Unorganized 491 1825 850 589 1885 625 732 1816 233 Unorganized 2068 2264 698 1881 2076 945 2358 2070 874 3638 2302 2 376 1491 167 230 1282 219 348 1864 108 525 1841 2043 4286 771 1927 4060 1104 2566 4046 631 3691 4978 2985 4855 1447 2799 4773 1257 8124 4583 675 4084 5072 1627 4628 1001 1245 4218 1076 1589 3821 628 2506 4502 1071 2710 8972 982 2830 4007 2003 2250 498 1664 1912 495 1702 1808 1816 2059 430 1176 1866 523 1553 1944

2755 5080

584
330 5280 6755
350 2088 2299

4102 4984

Total

38345 32789 422 16147 29997 6695 14781 27763 7560 17866 27160 4161 26168 82761

Fremont over Buchanan, 5,556; Pierce over Scott, 18,850; Cass over Taylor, 12,982; Polk over Clay, 9,294; Van Buren over Harrison, 6,598. Mr. Birney received 126 votes in 1840.

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Fremont over Buchanan, 4,787; Pierce over Scott, 1,109; Taylor over Cass, 3,188; Clay over Polk, 2,455; Harrison ⚫ver Van Buren, 1,977. Mr. Birney received 42 votes in 1840.

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Worcester...
Total.

17971 4604 1129 7283 5966 7188

8895 8178 2132
5827 5058 8343

8778 4659

509 7557 4339

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108190 89240 19626 52683 44569 28023 61070 85281 28058 67418 52846 0860 12874 51944

Fremont over Buchanan, 68,950; Scott over Pierce, 8,114; Taylor over Cass, 25,789; Clay over Polk, 14,572; Harrison over Van Buren, 20,930. Mr. Birney received 1,621 votes in 1840.

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Total.

885 3472 1715 538 5817 1821

89561 10569 545 22173 13044 8621 23122 10948 18887 26770 18041 8954 82440 18018

Fremont over Buchanan, 28,992; Scott over Pierce, 9,129; Taylor over Cass, 12,174; Clay over Polk, 8,729; Harrison over Van Buren, 14,422. Mr. Pirney received 319 votes in 1840.

2076 1910 6 1199 859 808 1056 562 536 1192 833 85 2758 938 773 2911 744 1377 3584 1578 5 1402 1231 1217 1398 1693 1106 1650 2085 47 2053 881 986 2648 60S 1443 2642 1703 66 3358 1528 1105 8656 1103 1903 4669 1843

1414 1808

412

2874 2216

245
833 4114 1551
801 2057 1984

1294 745

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Buchanan over Fremont, 18,605; Pierce over Scott, 5,749; Taylor over Cass, 8,114; Clay over Polk, 828; Harrison over Van Buren, 2,817. Mr. Birney received 69 votes in 1840.

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325

536

14

894

1982 2290

281

865 1552

Huron
Jackson....

3468 1709 54

Jefferson

938 1353 2424 1991

Knox
Lake...

Lawrence

Licking

Logan
Lorain

Lucas...

1066 2100
2242 1819
416 1069
1093
259 1995 2169
2735 2437 124 1574 2692
2371 628
39 1046
743 1150 902 1299
3027 3371 417
2093 1828 267
3604 1420 54
1639 1866 486

5

21 42 893

670

981

15

2779 3569

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217 297
229 245
2114 2224 342 2148 2164
856 1319 23 719 1289
1118 2224 45 1142 2317
1950 1769 876 2564 2136
19 987 1108 50 908 1046
343
2147 2231 455 2385 2354
626 1910 2890 539 2746 3324
1111 777 716 904 1818 901
1164 745 53 1140 658
582 3030 8468 561 3500 3840
2118 1361 191 1652 1147 276 1625 1015
1332 1554 1777 647 1478 1616 1956 1793
1238 1271 129 1298 1197 327 1167 881
1329 712 80 1269 643
Un organized.
1001 1193 55 1425 1480
1410 1836 1098 2045 1920
297
1327 1014 305 1341 880
11 360 641 16 423 812
235 2542 1822 272 2572 1657
180 999 2574
330 1210 2548
177 8561 8330 804 3388 3101
220 2820 2448 314 2051 2077
Un organized.

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Muskingum.. 3172 3391 1092

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Noble

1603 1337 154

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282 163

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121 342 1417 2246 1724 2066 8S2 2175 2041 35 2115 1960 523 1175 375 927 1029 16 843 909 83 2983 20721 6 1351 2007 1296 1270 2149 1127 2249 1561 273 2253 1633 197 2106 1519 814 790 1116 4 461 8901 61 402 684 8 451 697 2726 2909 58 2133 3234 209 2087 8177 188 8448 5574 2436 2681 589 8091 2465 179 8394 2306 174 3321 2380 1548 1599 45 1064 1619 88 928 1148 124 997 1214 12 919 917 546 684 1321 1804 1424 29 1838 1268 13 1519 1095 1472 749 2565 2605 103 1972 2809 118 1536 2326 488 1727 2316 41 1483 1616 1356 1446 127 1147 1309 54 1021 1129 49 1026 1014 26 955 1027 8770 3633 29 2740 3634 356 2382 3495 570 2952 8575 76 2701 8106 8185 1746 74 2336 1965 660 1892 1815 1058 2841 2056 184 2562 1646 4019 1920 18 1968 2039 1739 1364 1951 2075 8887 8544 788 4101 8325 8007 2656 18 2659 2685 112 2662 2558 164 2696 2858 85 2338 1787 1431 1055 263 1249 943 255 1080 797 178 1009 710 82 946 577 758 789 82 422 737 158 270 Unorganized 932 1174 51 774 912 2688 1776 844 2S23 1919

70 198

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228 881

Un organized.

2526 1861 402

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COUNTIES.

Albany..

Allegany

Total..

1 548 518

187497 170874 28126 152526 169220 31682 138360 154775 35354 155057 149117 8050 148157 124782 Fremont over Buchanan, 16,623; Pierce over Scott, 16,694; Cass over Taylor, 16,415; Clay over Polk, 5,940. Harrison over Van Buren, 23,375. In 1840, Mr. Birney received 903 votes.

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Broome

4297 2106 791

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Whig. Dem. Clay. Polk. Birney 7246 8363 133 7068 4002 2407 7109 6916 3670 4009 678 2789 1283 2040 3913 8640 2674 3064 847 2490 1959 777 2681 2508 561 2604 1677 1236 2743 2634 916 4318 1034 3979 4908 5202 4207 1911 1628 5612 3407 1943 728 2166 1791 2592 106 8587 2616 1481 4215 4495 243 3943 2121 2100 4322 4691 11 4287 4478 1879 946 1803 2378 2859 543 2664 2229 1941 1472 1221 1919 2218 410 2023 1828 2908 3071 4230

Abo.

Whig. Dem. Ha'son Van B. 124 6371 5944

435

4132 8382

106

2395 2131

487

2966 2485

876

5164 4864

314 5985

3345

1693 2296 4386 3995

205

2988 8847

Dutchess

5512

4039 2013

5495

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2756 1973

174 2629

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3088 1052 1412 2586 2267 605
6373 3595 1229 4454 5486
963 1096 479 826 1521
1886 2394 2521 2208 2899
5153 4415 4548 6185 6563
2930
736 1550 946 1147 1824
1099 860 123
668 1526 937 788 1785
918 1064 255
9698 1950 1332 4570 5583
8667 613 6023 4672 6008 468
4524 2446 2581 4498 4291
4438 2515 1405 4550 4200
1714 787 1213 1654 1900
1716 1069 444 1814 1679
2542 981 461 From Steuber, Chemung and Tompkins.
2398 2045 1980 1917 8306
2163 1625
1265 2213 2511
2376 2837 1630 2958 3846
1690 1583 2037 2054 2681
7270 8217 2034 5236 6880
3381 2154 435 2234

1002 1119 2612 1998 1853 974 911 1524 1501 2171 2070 1976 380 1602 2107 2192 100 3358 2166 2890 1180 1111 8604 2105 2803 8242 2707 1551 1425 2968 8488 126 342 With Ful ton. 2679 4220 555 2430 699 3893 2868 5656 6279 757 4841 2445 4342 5576 6291 8487 10621 66 7511 4882 817 5107 4648 1727 2535 803 1223 789 1258 1640 2078 4096 3055 808 8730 889 2100 8773 2709 210 8916 2634 2995 8373 40 2924 1285 1602 2849 8278 85 2828 8298 3379 8435 1584 2898 1565 2789 3683 8848 1811 4266 4114 7467 6314 775 6539 1443 4671 6878 5611 430 6468 4884 23115 34226 206 29057 18974 5106 26385 28296 117 3413 2862 1056 2828 1313 2080 8100 2589 810 6097 6415 1701 5442 2229 4942 6495 6878 4402 8847 547 3848 1272 2627 4568 8659 435 4221 5171 16 4172 8170 1434 4626 5303 87 7831 8636 1033 6032 3585 4816 6983 7717 1144 8246 8683 1175 4375 4973 2148 8655 1134 4254 8771 4382 2402 918 8929 8674

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Tompkins
Ulster....

Washington

Warren

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4088 4354 2072 2087 276007 195878 124604 234882 262083 25329 218603 114818 120510 232482 287588 15812 225817.212527

Fremont over Buchanan, 80,129; Pierce over Scott, 27,201; Taylor over Cass, 104,285; Polk over Clay, 5,106; Harrison over Van Buren, 18,290. Mr. Birney received 2,808 votes in 1840 and Gerrit Smith, Land Reform and Abolitionist received 2,545 votes in 1848.

2180 1051 1400 2487 8375 14 2415 8482 200 1767 1360 1523 2327 2569 124 2466 2472 18 2724 2671 654 2986 8523 111 2895 8345 44 1672 1363 534 1789 1964 80 1475 1679 4357 1975 3623 4885 5512 243 4081 4820 1782 1683 789 1999 2545 90 1925 2180 4019 1430 1470 8410 8472 862 8003 1270 2648 8845 4018 822 8969 2982 4030 4703 5183 5916 26 4659 1970 2277 4804 4783 5174 1632 1848 4230 8174 451 4486 1225 2024 5024 8270 2202 1006 785 1174 1718 119 1270 1019 618 1330 1791 118 5776 1999 1448 4083 4050 941 8567 797 8690 3953 4046 563 4066 1911 5711 8005 2471 727 2881 1837 1630 2754 2102 442 4450 4600 3641 4033 5279 55 4112 2146 1812 4258 4412 2994 915 851 1974 2153 824 1651 862 1488 2056 2110 207

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