DOWNS, SOLOMON U., of Louisiana, beaten for Vice-President in Democratic Convention, EVERETT, EDWARD, of Massachusetts, Union candidate for Vice-President in 1860.. His views on Slavery-His "Knapsack" Speech His Acceptance of the Nomination for Vice- President of the United States....... His views on the Sumner Outrage.. ELECTION RETURNS IN DETAIL, of all the Presidential Elections since 1886.. 216 Governor, Congress, etc. 1859 248 Whig nominee for Vice-President, 1848 Elected Vice-President, 1848.. Defeated for President in Whig National Con- American nominee for President in 1856.. Indorsed by Whig National Convention in 1856. His views on Slavery-Buffalo Letter of 1888, His Letter to New-York Union Meeting, 1860.. FITZPATRICK, BENJAMIN, of Alabama, beaten for Vice-President in Democratic Convention of Nominated by Democratic Convention, 1860... FLOURNOY, FRANCIS B., of Arkansas, tem- Congress, 1858. ..... Mr. Grow introduces another bill which is 222 FREMONT, Col. JOHN C., of California, Re- publican nominee for President, 1856.... Defeated for President, 1856... Berrien for voting to confirm Mr. Everett as Min- 241 GRAHAM, WILLIAM A., of North Carolina, GRANGER, FRANCIS, of New York, Presi dent Anti-Masonic National Convention. Beaten for Vice-President, 1836.. GUTHRIE, JAMES, of Kentucky, supported for President in National Democratic Conven- HALE, JOHN P., of New-Hampshire, Free Democratic nominee for President, 1852................... HAMLIN, HANNIBAL, of Maine, nominated for Vice-President by Republican National Con- Renounces the Democratic party in the U. S. Accepts nomination for Vice-President. 245 HARRISON, Gen. WILLIAM H., of Ohio, nom- inated and defeated for President in 1836. Nominated for President at Harrisburg, Decem- ber, 1889; elected President in 1840.. HICKMAN, JOHN, of Pennsylvania, support- 216 HOUSTON, Gen. SAM, of Texas, supported for President in Union Convention, 1860.. 243 HUNTER, ROBERT M. T., of Virginia, sup- through Legislative Resolves.... JACKSON, Gen. ANDREW, of Tennessee, Wisconsin vote for President.. KILLINGER, JOHN W., of Pennsylvania, offers an Anti-Slavery resolve in the American KING, LEICESTER, of Ohio, President of Lib- erty Party National Convention, 1843......... KING, WILLIAM R., of Alabama, beaten for Vice-President in Democratic Convention of Democratic nominee for Vice-President in 1852. Elected Vice-President in 1852... LANE, Col. HENRY S., of Indiana, Presi- LANE, Gen. JOSEPH, of Oregon, beaten for nominee for President in 1844.. NATIONAL REPUBLICAN (CLAY) CONVEN- tions, at Baltimore, 1881; at Washington, 1832... NEW-HAMPSHIRE DECLARES FOR THE WILMOT Proviso through Legislative Resolves.... Nominated for Vice-President by Seceders at Accepts nomination.... LEAKE, SHELTON F., of Virginia, for Disso- LEE, HENRY, of Massachusetts, supported LIBERTY PARTY NATIONAL CONVENTION held LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, of Illinois, defeated for Vice-President in Republican Convention, 1856... Nominated for President by Republican Conven- Speech at Springfield, Ill., June 17, 1858 Discussion with Mr. Douglas at Freeport, Ill. Speech at Cooper Institute, New-York, 1860.... Letter to Boston Committee on the Jefferson Birthday Festival; Letter to Dr. Canisius on Accepts nomination for Presidency... LUCAS, Gen. ROBERT, President first Demo- cratic National Convention...... MADISON, JAMES, of Virginia, elected Presi- MAINE DEMOCRACY FOR THE WILMOT PRO- MANGUM, WILLIE P., of North Carolina, sup- Gen. John A. Dix presents resolutions to United The Whigs in State Convention declare for Free- 51 39 172 Democratic National Platform, 1848.. Buffalo Free Soil Platform, 1848.. Whig National Platform, 1852.. Democratic National Platform, 1852. Free Democratic Platform, 1852. Republican National Platform, 1856. American National Platform, 1856.. Democratic National Platform, 1856. Republican National Platform, 1860.. Constitutional Union Party Platform, 1860.. Democratic (Douglas) Platform of 1860.. Addition thereto by Baltimore Convention. Seceders' Platform adopted at Charleston.. Slavery Restriction proposed by Gen. James Tallmadge of N. Y.; Proposition sustained by House refuses to concur; Second Missouri Struggle; Mr. John W. Taylor of N. Y. moves Compromise finally carried in the House by 90 Yeas (14 only from Free States) to 87 Nays The third Missouri Struggle; Enlargement of Annexation project of Milton Brown of Tenn.; The Clayton Compromise; Mr. J. M. Root's Re- Mr. Douglas, of Illinois, proposes to extend the Senate agrees, but House refuses; The Compro- mise of 1850; Gen. Taylor's recommenda- tions; Gen. Sam Houston's proposition; Hen- ry Clay's plan of Compromise; John Bell's 74 SCOTT, Gen. WINFIELD, of New-York, de- feated for President at Harrisburg, 1839. Ditto by Jefferson Davis of Miss.; Mr. Clay in reply; Messrs. Downs of La., King of Ala., Mr. Foote of Miss. moves a Committee of Thir- teen; Mr. Clay reports from said Committee; Mr. Jefferson Davis's Amendment.. Mr. Chase of Ohio moves a prohibition of Sla- very; The Omnibus defeated as a whole, but passed in separate bills; The Kansas-Nebraska Mr. Atchison's remarks thereon; President Pierce protests against the renewal of agita- tion; Mr. Douglas's first Nebraska Report... He amends his bill; Mr. Chase proposes to au- thorize the people of Kansas to prohibit Sla- Yeas and Nays on adopting substitute... Senate refuses to concur; Mr. English moves a Conference Committee; Carried by the Speak- er's casting vote; The English Compromise Carried through both Houses; The Wyandot SLAVE-TRADE ADVOCATED in Democratic National Convention by Mr. Gaulden, of Georgia. Also by Governor Adams, of S. C., in Message to SPENCER, AMBROSE, of New-York, Presi- dent Whig National Convention, 1844. SPENCER, JOHN C., of New-York, Presi- dent Anti-Masonic National Convention STEVENSON, ANDREW, of Virginia, Presi- dent Second Democratic National Convention..... Ditto, President National Democratic Conven- STRANGE, ROBERT, of North Carolina, beaten WARD, JOHN E., of Georgia, President of the Democratic National Convention, 1856..... WEBSTER, DANIEL, of Massachusetts, sup- ported by Massachusetts for President, 1836.. Defeated for President in Whig Convention, 1848 Beaten for President in Whig Convention, 1852.. Memorial to Congress for Slavery Restriction His view on the powers of Supreme Court. Speech against Slavery Extension. WELLER, Col. JOHN B., of California, WIRT, WILLIAM, of Maryland, Anti-Ma- sonic candidate for President, 1882 WILKINS, WILLIAM, of Pennsylvania, sup- WISCONSIN declares for Free Territory, through Legislative Resolves.... WOODBURY, LEVI, of New-Hampshire, beaten YANCEY, WILLIAM L., of Alabama, offers SUMNER, CHARLES, of Massachusetts, de- feated for Vice-President in Republican National SUPREME COURT, POWER AND DUTIES OF- Opinions of Thomas Jefferson.. Opinions of John Taylor of Caroline, Va., John Randolph of Roanoke, Nathaniel Macon of N. C., and John Bacon, of Massachusetts Opinions of John J. Crittenden, Nathaniel Macon, James Barbour, Supreme Court of Georgia, Legislature of Georgia, Supreme Court of Penn- sylvania, and Court of Appeals of Virginia.... Opinions of Mahlon Dickerson, Richard M. John- A POLITICAL TEXT-BOOK FOR 1860, 4 NATIONAL CAUCUSES, CONVENTIONS, AND PLATFORMS. NATIONAL Conventions for the nomination of a potent influence over such questions, being. candidates are of comparatively recent origin. on this occasion, unable to agree as to which of In the earlier political history of the United her favored sons should have the preference. States, under the Federal Constitution, candi-Ninety-four of the 136 Republican members of dates for President and Vice-President were Congress attended this caucus, and declared nominated by congressional and legislative their preference of Mr. Madison, who received caucuses. Washington was elected as first 83 votes, the remaining 11 being divided bePresident under the Constitution, and reëlected tween Mr. Monroe and George Clinton. The for a second term by a unanimous, or nearly Opposition supported Mr. Pinckney; but Mr. unanimous, concurrence of the American people; Madison was elected by a large majority. but an opposition party gradually grew up in Toward the close of Mr. Madison's earlier Congress, which became formidable during his term, he was nominated for reëlection by a second term, and which ultimately crystalized Congressional Caucus held at Washington, in into what was then called the Republican May, 1812. In September of the same year, a party. John Adams, of Massachusetts, was convention of the Opposition, representing prominent among the leading Federalists, while eleven States, was held in the city of NewThomas Jefferson, of Virginia, was preemi-York, which nominated De Witt Clinton, of nently the author and oracle of the Republican | New-York, for President. He was also put in party, and, by common consent, they were the nomination by the Republican Legislature of opposing candidates for the Presidency, on Washington's retirement in 1796-7. Mr. Adams was then chosen President, while Mr. Jefferson, having the largest electoral vote next to Mr. A., became Vice-President. New-York. The ensuing canvass resulted in the reëlection of Mr. Madison, who received 128 electoral votes to 89 for De Witt Clinton. In 1816, the Republican Congressional Caucus nominated James Monroe, who received, in the caucus, 65 votes to 54 for Wm. H. Crawford, of Georgia. The Opposition, or Federalists, named Rufus King, of New-York, who received only 34 electoral votes out of 217. There was no opposition to the reëlection of Mr. Monroe in 1820, a single (Republican) vote being cast against him, and for John Quincy Adams. The first Congressional Caucus to nominate candidates for President and Vice-President, is said to have been held in Philadelphia in the year 1800, and to have nominated Mr. Jefferson for the first office, and Aaron Burr for the second. These candidates were elected after a desperate struggle, beating John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina. In In 1824, the Republican party could not be 1804, Mr. Jefferson was reëlected President, induced to abide by the decision of a Congreswith George Clinton, of New-York, for Vice, sional Caucus. A large majority of the Repubencountering but slight opposition: Messrs.lican members formally refused to participate Charles C. Pinckney and Rufus King, the op-in such a gathering, or be governed by its deciposing candidates, receiving only 14 out of 176 Electoral Votes. We have been unable to find any record as to the manner of their nomination. In January, 1808, when Mr. Jefferson's second term was about to close, a Republican Congressional Caucus was held at Washington, to decide as to the relative claims of Madison and Monroe for the succession, the Legislature of Virginia, which had been said to exert sion; still, a Caucus was called and attended by the friends of Mr. Crawford alone. Of the 261 members of Congress at this time, 216 were Democrats or Republicans, yet only 66 responded to their names at roll-call, 64 of whom voted for Mr. Crawford as the Republican nominee for President. This nomination was very extensively repudiated throughout the country, and three competing Republican candidates |