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DOWNS, SOLOMON U., of Louisiana, beaten

for Vice-President in Democratic Convention,

1852.

EVERETT, EDWARD, of Massachusetts, Union
candidate for Vice-President in 1860...

His views on Slavery-His "Knapsack" Speech
in Congress-Replies of Messrs. Mitchell, Ran-
dolph and Cambreleng-Mr. Everett on Geo-
graphical Parties-Later Views on Slavery,
in Letters of 1887 and '89..

His Acceptance of the Nomination for Vice-

President of the United States.....

His views on the Sumner Outrage..
ELLMAKER, AMOs, of Pennsylvania, Anti-
Masonic candidate for Vice-President, 1832.....

ELECTION RETURNS IN DETAIL, of all the

Presidential Elections since 1886...

Aggregate vote by States, for President, from

1824 to 1856..

Alabama vote for President.

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JOHNSON, ANDREW, of Tennessee, supported
for President in National Democratic Convention:

JOHNSON, HERSCHEL V., of Georgia, beaten

for Vice-President in Democratic National Conven-

tion in 1856...

Nominated for Vice-President by Democratic

National Committee, 1860....

Speech on Slavery in the Territories in 1848
Holds that capital should own the laborer, in a
speech at Philadelphia in 1856. His Report
affirming the absolute right of holding slaves
in the Territories..
JOHNSON, RICHARD M., of Kentucky, beaten
in Convention for Vice-President, 1882.

...

Nominated and elected Vice-President in 1836..
Beaten for Vice-President in 1840..
Beaten for President in Democratic Convention,
1844.

JOHNSON, WILLIAM COST, of Maryland, Pre-
sident of Young Men's National Convention.....

JULIAN, GEORGE W., of Indiana, Free De-

mocratic candidate for Vice-President, 1852......

KANSAS OUTRAGES, Report of Howard and

.....

Nominated for Vice-President by Seceders at

Baltimore in 1860.

Accepts nomination..
LAW, GEORGE, of New-York, defeated for
President in American National Convention, 1856.
LAWRENCE, ABBOTT, of Massachusetts, de-
feated for Vice-President in Whig Convention, 1848.

LEAKE, SHELTON F., of Virginia, for Disso-

lution...

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LEE, HENRY, of Massachusetts, supported
by South Carolina for Vice-President, 1882.......
LEMOYNE, FRANCIS J., of Pennsylvania,
Abolition candidate for Vice-President, 1840....
LETCHER, JOHN (Governor of Virginia),
for Dissolution.....

LIBERTY PARTY NATIONAL CONVENTION held
at Buffalo in 1843..

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, of Illinois, defeated for

Vice-President in Republican Convention, 1856...

Nominated for President by Republican Conven-

tion, 1860..

Speech at Springfield, Ill., June 17, 1858

Discussion with Mr. Douglas at Freeport, Ill..

Speech at Cooper Institute, New-York, 1860..

Letter to Boston Committee on the Jefferson

Birthday Festival; Letter to Dr. Canisius on

Naturalization.

129

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The Lecompton bill; Passed in the Senate, but

defeated in the House; The Crittenden-Mont-

gomery substitute..

Yeas and Nays on adopting substitute..

Senate refuses to concur; Mr. English moves a

Conference Committee; Carried by the Speak-

er's casting vote; The English Compromise

bill..

Carried through both Houses; The Wyandot
Convention and Constitution.
Mr. Grow proposes, and the House votes to ad-
mit Kansas under the Wyandot Constitution;
Senate refuses to act on the bill...

SLAVE-TRADE ADVOCATED in Democratic

National Convention by Mr. Gaulden, of Georgia.

Also by Governor Adams, of S. C., in Message to

Legislature

SPENCER, AMBROSE, of New-York, Presi-

dent Whig National Convention, 1844

SPENCER, JOHN C., of New-York, Presi-

dent Anti-Masonic National Convention

STEVENSON, ANDREW, of Virginia, Presi-

dent Second Democratic National Convention...

Ditto, President National Democratic Conven-

tion, 1848..

STRANGE, ROBERT, of North Carolina, beaten

for Vice-President in Democratic Convention,

1852

SUMNER, CHARLES, of Massachusetts, de-

feated for Vice-President in Republican National

Convention, 1856..

SUPREME COURT, POWER AND DUTIES OF

Opinions of Thomas Jefferson..

Opinions of John Taylor of Caroline, Va., John

Randolph of Roanoke, Nathaniel Macon of

N. C., and John Bacon, of Massachusetts...

Opinions of John J. Crittenden, Nathaniel Macon,

James Barbour, Supreme Court of Georgia,

Legislature of Georgia, Supreme Court of Penn-

sylvania, and Court of Appeals of Virginia....

Opinions of Mahlon Dickerson, Richard M. John-

son, Gen. Andrew Jackson, and Daniel Web-

ster...

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A POLITICAL TEXT-BOOK FOR 1860.

NATIONAL CAUCUSES, CONVENTIONS, AND

PLATFORMS.

NATIONAL Conventions for the nomination of a potent influence over such questions, being, candidates are of comparatively recent origin. on this occasion, unable to agree as to which of In the earlier political history of the United her favored sons should have the preference. States, under the Federal Constitution, candi-Ninety-four of the 136 Republican members of dates for President and Vice-President were Congress attended this caucus, and declared nominated by congressional and legislative their preference of Mr. Madison, who received caucuses. Washington was elected as first 83 votes, the remaining 11 being divided bePresident under the Constitution, and reëlected tween Mr. Monroe and George Clinton. The for a second term by a unanimous, or nearly Opposition supported Mr. Pinckney; but Mr. unanimous, concurrence of the American people; Madison was elected by a large majority. but an opposition party gradually grew up in Congress, which became formidable during his second term, and which ultimately crystalized into what was then called the Republican party. John Adams, of Massachusetts, was prominent among the leading Federalists, while Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, was preeminently the author and oracle of the Republican party, and, by common consent, they were the opposing candidates for the Presidency, on Washington's retirement in 1796-7.

Mr. Adams was then chosen President, while Mr. Jefferson, having the largest electoral vote next to Mr. A., became Vice-President.

Toward the close of Mr. Madison's earlier term, he was nominated for reëlection by a Congressional Caucus held at Washington, in May, 1812. In September of the same year, a convention of the Opposition, representing eleven States, was held in the city of NewYork, which nominated De Witt Clinton, of New-York, for President. He was also put in nomination by the Republican Legislature of New-York. The ensuing canvass resulted in the reëlection of Mr. Madison, who received 128 electoral votes to 89 for De Witt Clinton.

In 1816, the Republican Congressional Caucus nominated James Monroe, who received, in the caucus, 65 votes to 54 for Wm. H. Crawford, of Georgia. The Opposition, or Federalists, named Rufus King, of New-York, who received There was

no opposition to the reëlection of Mr. Monroe in 1820, a single (Republican) vote being cast against him, and for John Quincy Adams.

The first Congressional Caucus to nominate candidates for President and Vice-President, is said to have been held in Philadelphia in the year 1800, and to have nominated Mr. Jeffer-only 34 electoral votes out of 217. son for the first office, and Aaron Burr for the second. These candidates were elected after a desperate struggle, beating John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina. In In 1824, the Republican party could not be 1804, Mr. Jefferson was reëlected President, induced to abide by the decision of a Congreswith George Clinton, of New-York, for Vice, sional Caucus. A large majority of the Repubencountering but slight opposition: Messrs.lican members formally refused to participate Charles C. Pinckney and Rufus King, the op-in such a gathering, or be governed by its deciposing candidates, receiving only 14 out of 176 sion; still, a Caucus was called and attended by Electoral Votes. We have been unable to find the friends of Mr. Crawford alone. Of the 261 any record as to the manner of their nomina- members of Congress at this time, 216 were tion. In January, 1808, when Mr. Jefferson's Democrats or Republicans, yet only 66 ressecond term was about to close, a Republican ponded to their names at roll-call, 64 of whom Congressional Caucus was held at Washington, voted for Mr. Crawford as the Republican nomito decide as to the relative claims of Madison nee for President. This nomination was very and Monroe for the succession, the Legisla-extensively repudiated throughout the country, ture of Virginia, which had been said to exert and three competing Republican candidates

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