extent inspired by its motives and imbued with its methods.' His work as a teacher was probably the most congenial of all the employments in which he was at any time engaged, and his influence on his pupils, and on the general conduct of public school education, was remarkable. It would be difficult to produce a better testimony to this effect than is contained in the following words of the Bishop of Southwell (Dr. George Ridding), who was himself in after years one of the most influential teachers of Winchester College, both as Second and as Head Master. He writes thus on 6 December, 1892, just after the Bishop's death: 'Personally, I look upon him as the man who did me the most real and effective good of all who have helped me, and I hardly know at which time I felt the value of his influence in the College most, when I left Winchester or when I returned to it.'

In the winter of 1845-6 he determined to give up his work at Winchester, which he found too exhausting, and he was glad to be able to attend his father during his last illness. The latter had retired from the Mastership of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1841, and died at his rectory of Buxted, 2 February, 1846. In the spring of the same year, shortly after he had completed his resignation of the Second Mastership, but was residing still at Winchester in a private house, Charles Wordsworth received a special visit from Mr. W. E. Gladstone, which altered the whole current of his after life. The object of this visit was to persuade him to undertake the Wardenship of Trinity College, Glenalmond, in Perthshire, which was then in building as a public school for the sons of Churchmen in Scotland, and as a training college for theological students. This offer he accepted, and on 28 October of the same year he entered on a second marriage, with Miss Katharine Mary

I may mention the evidence on this point of the present Bishop of Truro (Right Rev. John Gott, D.D.), who was one of his pupils.

Barter, eldest daughter of the Rector of Burghclere, Hants, and niece of his great friend, Warden Barter. A few months were spent by the newly-married pair in Italian travel, and it was not till 4 May, 1847, that the new College was opened. The College Chapel, to the building of which he was himself the chief contributor, was consecrated 1 May, 1851, by the Primus, Bishop Skinner, with the assistance of three other Bishops, and in the presence of Mr. Gladstone.

From May 1847 to July 1854 Charles Wordsworth continued to be Warden of Trinity College, although he had been elected Bishop on 30 November, 1852, in succession to the aged Bishop Torry, and was consecrated to that office at St. Andrews Church, Aberdeen, on St. Paul's Day, 25 January, 1853. There was indeed no sufficient reason why he should not have continued to hold the two offices of Warden and Bishop, and to discharge their duties together. The union of the two offices (as Dean Torry has stated) was contemplated in the original project of the College,1 and the Council of Glenalmond, after Bishop Torry's death, unanimously resolved that the two were not incompatible.2 The number of charges and clergy in the Diocese was, and continues to be, very small, though it was doubled during Charles Wordsworth's episcopate. In very many ways it would have been advantageous to the Church if he had retained the Wardenship (of course with such extra help in teaching as might have been required), particularly as long as the theological students continued to reside at Glenalmond, whose education he considered to be a specially appropriate duty for a Bishop. But a combination of circumstances, which he has himself described,3 led to his

1 See Annals, ii. 131.

2 Letter from Chas. Wordsworth to his brother, dated 12 October [1852]. 3 Annals, ii. 168-183.

resignation in 1854, the chief being the unsatisfactory financial condition of the College.

The circumstances of his election, which are somewhat fully described and discussed by himself in the Annals,' cannot wholly be passed over here, as they had naturally a certain influence on his after life and relations with some of the clergy of the Diocese, and with others. These circumstances involved his taking a part in the election himself, and giving a vote which decided the choice of the presbyterate. Unfortunately, in those days the laity had no voice in elections of Bishops, and a bare majority of the clergy present a very small body in this case was all that was required by the Canons. The two parties were exactly divided, apart from the Warden of Trinity College, eight against eight, and he was persuaded,' after much hesitation, to do as he had good precedents for doing, and as he was conscientiously convinced it was right in this case to do, to give his vote for himself and to subscribe the document certifying the election to the Primus. The election was, it so happened, twice repeated, the first having been declared null and void by reason of the absence of this proper form of return. His opponent on the first occasion was the Bishop of Moray (Eden), who withdrew when the election was cancelled, not wishing to oppose the Warden of Glenalmond. On the second the choice lay between himself and the Rev. T. G. Suther, D.C.L., then the popular Incumbent of St. George's, Edinburgh, and shortly after elected Bishop of Aberdeen. The votes were as follows:

I understand that Messrs. Lyon and Farquhar were specially strong in their persuasion.

2 Dr. Suther became Bishop of Aberdeen in 1857. His name is unfortunately misprinted Luther in Annals, ii. 130, and on the next page, note 3, 'Lord Thedwyn' should of course be 'Lord Medwyn.' Besides the Annals I have had the use of the Minute Book of the Synod, through the kindness

It will be observed that the name of the Dean of the Cathedral (E. B. K. Fortescue) does not appear on either side. He was present and claimed a right to vote as an inducted clergyman; but though this fact is entered on the minutes, his name is not in the 'sederunt,' and he did not put his claim into force. It is also to be noticed that before the voting the other party proposed that the election might be rendered unanimous if Mr. Wordsworth would promise to resign the Wardenship, but this he refused to accept as a condition, though willing to do it if hereafter he found the two offices incompatible."

of the Synod Clerk, Rev. J. W. Hunter, of Birnam. It is, however, not complete. It contains, e.g., the protest against the election, but not the finding of the Episcopal College of 6 January, 1853, for which see Annals, ii. 136-7.

'No doubt it would at once have been challenged if he had done so, as is evident from the protest made by the Synod Clerk at the meeting of the Synod, 18 June, 1851, when Bishop Torry's Prayer Book was discussed. See Minute Book, p. 153 foll. Dean Fortescue withdrew his claim to a vote at the next meeting of the Synod, 16 June, 1852, until the position of St. Ninian's 'be determined by a General Synod' (ib. p. 162). He had, therefore, by his own act, no locus standi in 1853.

2 See Annals, ii. 130. This is thus referred to in the Minute Book p. 182: Mr. Lendrum proposed that three on each side should adjourn to the Vestry, and there hold a brief conference in order that an election should, if possible, be rendered unanimous. The conference, though most amiable, was unsuccessful.' A second adjournment followed after another

His own full account of the circumstances ('Annals,' ii. 124-137) places them in a very clear light, and not a shadow of blame rests upon him. But none the less such an entrance into office was not happy for his personal relations in the future to some of those who were at the time his opponents. It is, however, satisfactory to notice. that some ten years later, when a General Synod dealt with the question of Episcopal elections, in its revision of Canon III., and introduced a clause which seemed to himself to weaken his position, and gave him some little disquietude, all who still remained of those who at first opposed his election joined in the petition desiring him not to sever the tie between them by resignation. This revision of the Canons, while it forbade a clerical elector to vote for himself, joined with the clergy a body of representative lay electors, and required that the Bishop chosen should have a majority of both orders.

Difficulties such as that to which reference has been made are, indeed, part of the price which has to be paid for a Church constitution in which the Episcopal office is purely elective, especially when it is in the hands of a very small body. They are, moreover, to be expected in a country where free expression of opinion on religious subjects and a critical attitude towards the opinions of others are parts of the daily atmosphere of life. But the period

discussion, but with the same result as the former. A motion for delay was also lost by a minority of one.

1 See his Letter to Dean Torry dated Perth, 19 February, 1863, in reply to an address signed by seventeen out of twenty-three clergy, to which number two other incumbents joined themselves in even more forcible language. The Primus at the same time, in the name of the Bishops, disclaimed implying any censure upon him in the smallest degree, though acknowledging that his case had raised the question. This letter was printed at the Perthshire Journal office, but not published. The address was, of course, not signed by Rev. J. C. Chambers, the Incumbent of the Cathedral in 1852, who had resigned shortly after the election, and so ceased to belong to the diocese. So also had Mr. Lendrum.