slightest

laboured.

of the effects of the disease under which he had so long

The walls of ancient Jerusalem were destroyed to their very foundations by the soldiers of Titus; so that the prophecy was literally fulfilled, that not of her former greatness should remain.

a

Vice-Sin.

Sin is an offence against the commands of God. Vice is an offence against morality. Whatever is contrary to the Divine law is a sin; whatever is contrary to the precepts of morality is a vice. Sin has reference to the relation between God and man; vice refers to the relation between man and man. The harm we do ourselves by sin is, that we thereby incur the anger of our Maker. The harm we do ourselves by vice is, that we thereby render ourselves less capable of fulfilling our duties to our fellow-creatures. The same act may be both sinful and vicious; sinful, because it is contrary to the law of God; vicious, because it is injurious to society.

[Edg. The gods are just, and of our pleasant vices Make instruments to scourge us.

Cleo.

King Lear, v. 3.

Then is it sin,

"If a man makes his

Exercise.

public, though they be such as seem principally to affect himself, (as drunkenness, or the like,) they then become, by

the bad example they set, of pernicious effect to society."

"Every single gross act of is much the same thing to the conscience that a great blow or fall is to the head; it stuns and bereaves it of all use of its senses for a time."

"Proud views and vain desires in our worldly employments are as truly and corruptions as hypocrisy in prayer, or vanity in alms." "Virtue and

this world;

other world.”

chiefly imply the relation of our actions to men in and holiness rather imply their relation to God and the

I cannot blame him for inveighing so sharply against the clergy in his age."

of the

According to Horne Tooke, road is the way which any one has rode (?) over. Way is from the Saxon wegan, to move;

Way is the general term, A pathway-a high road. a town, you may frequently In like manner, abstractly,

it is the line along which you move. and road is the species of way. Instead of keeping the high road to go a shorter way across the fields. the high road to preferment is the way commonly taken; the way to preferment is the one which to adopt.

individual may any

[Wol. Say, Wolsey,-that once trod the ways of glory,
And sounded all the depths and shoals of honour,-
Found thee a way, out of his wreck, to rise in;

A sure and safe one, though thy master missed it.
Henry VIII., iii. 2.

choose

P. L., vii, 576-7.

"The best and the surest to accomplish your wish will be to engage a master, and read with him three or four hours a day."

"To be indifferent whether we embrace falsehood or truth is the great to error."

The real

The high

"I am amazed, and lose my

Among the thorns and dangers of this world."

to become rich is to be diligent and industrious.
to good fortune is through the prince's favour.

"Attending long in vain, I took the

Which through a path but scarcely printed lay."

"An old man who was travelling along the, groaning under a huge burden, found himself so weary that he called upon death to deliver him."

A word is something uttered or written which stands for something perceived. Every conventional combination of letters representing an idea is a word. We cannot stretch the meaning of words beyond certain bounds; i. e. they cannot be made to have more or less than a certain meaning, and in this view they are terms. Nouns, verbs, and adjectives, are limited to a certain meaning, and in this sense they are terms. Prepositions and conjunctions, whose meaning is not likely to become disturbed, are not considered as terms. The object of defining is to lay down the precise meaning of terms, and show the exact limits to which they extend. The word term is properly applied in defining. It is only to terms that we can apply a definition.

"In painting, the greatest beauties cannot always be expressed for want of

"The use of the

minister is brought down to the literal significa

tion of it, a servant; for now, to serve and to minister, servile and minis

terial, are

equivalent."

Purity of style depends on the choice of

"Had the Roman language continued in common use, it would have been necessary, from the many

have made great additions to it."

of art required in trade and in war, to

"Among men who confound their ideas with

less disputes, wrangling, and jargon."

there must be end

"Those parts of nature into which the chaos was divided, they signified by dark and obscure names, which we have expressed in their plain and proper

It is an affectation of style to introduce many technical composition.

into our

To augur-to forebode.

Augur, from the Latin augurium, refers to the superstition of the ancient Romans, by which they pretended to predict future events. Forebode, from the Saxon forebodian, signifies to tell beforehand.

In distinguishing between the modern use of these words, it is to be observed that there is more of chance in augury, and more of reasoning in foreboding. Moreover, an augury may be for good or for evil, whereas foreboding is scarcely ever used in a good sense. It may be almost said that to augur evil is to forebode. Again, an augury is founded upon outward appearances; a foreboding is founded upon induction.

Ham. Not a whit, we defy augury; there is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. Hamlet, v. 2.

Ther. I would croak like a raven; I would bode, I would bode.

Troilus and Cressida, v. 2.

what they can do, as signs

Betokening, or ill-boding, I contemn

As false portents, not sent from God, but thee.

P. R., iv. 490.

And O, ye Fountains, Meadows, Hills, and Groves,
Forebode not any severing of our loves!

WORDSWORTH. Ode on Intimations, &c.']

Exercise.

He never could take a bright view of any question; but whatever appearance it might present, he had always the unhappy knack of some evil consequence from it.

The sun rose clear and bright; the morning air was pure and deliciously fresh; pearly drops of crystal dew stood glittering on leaves of the brightest green, and all nature seemed to - a happy result to the ceremony of this eventful day.

"This looks not well!" exclaimed the doctor, raising his head suddenly from the book which he had been examining with apparently the most intense eagerness for the last five minutes-"This looks not well! these characters — no success, either to the undertaking or to any engaged in it. I withdraw my name from among its supporters."

I saw by the smile on his countenance that he had succeeded in his wishes; and he soon after informed me that every thing favourably, and that he had every hope of obtaining the situation.

To bestow-to confer.

To bestow signifies to place, or lay out; to confer, to bear towards or upon. The idea of giving is common to both these verbs. They differ in this-that the former is said of things given between persons in private life; the latter, of things given from persons in authority to those below them in rank. The king confers the honour of knighthood. Princes confer privileges. One friend bestows favours on another. We bestow charity on the poor. It is also to be observed, that these verbs are scarcely ever used with any other than abstract nouns. Honours, dignities, privileges, &c., are conferred Praise, charity, kindness, pains, &c., are bestowed.

[Grif. though he were unsatisfied in getting,

(Which was a sin,) yet in bestowing, madam,

He was most princely.

Henry VIII., iv. 2.