Boyd, second vice-president; Seymour W. Tullock, secretary and treasurer; A. M. Renshaw, general manager; George W. Pearson, C. C. Duncanson, Daniel B. Clarke, John Paul Jones, Emmons S. Smith, and Peter H. Hill.

Having thus presented brief references to some of the institutions devoted to manufactures, the following summary, as given in the late Census Bulletin No. 158, it is believed will fittingly close this chapter, showing as it does, as nearly as may be, the condition of these industries in the District of Columbia at the present time. It is also believed that the purposes of this work will be subserved as well by combining in one summary the statistics for 1880 and 1890, as they would be by presenting the two summaries separately, and, besides this, the comparison between the two can be most readily made if they are together. The general statistical table is as follows:

It is necessary to explain, however, that while the census report of 1890 is as full and complete as it was possible to make it, that for 1880 omitted several classes of industries included in that for 1890, and hence the increase as shown by the above table is apparently and Columbia, South Carolina, for upward of six months, during which period he experienced more than the usual amount of privation, suffering, and humiliation, together with no small amount of romance. After an honorable discharge from the army, he entered upon the study of law at Milwaukee, was admitted to practice, and in 1870 was appointed United States Deputy Marshal for the State for the purpose of taking the census. He afterward removed to Kansas, where he received the appointment of register of the United States Land Office at Kirwia, holding that position there and at Cawka City more than four years. At the expiration of this service, he removed to the city of Washington to engage in the practice of law, naturally drifting into the prosecution of claims before the several departments. In 1881, he commenced publishing a periodical named The Reporter, with the determination of securing reforms in

greater than it really was. The industries included in the table for 1890 that were not in the report for 1880 were, china and pottery; decorating; women's clothing; druggists' preparations, except prescriptions; the manufacture of heating and illuminating gas; and slaughtering and meat packing, except retail butchering.

It is also necessary further to explain that in these details is included the manufacturing carried on by the Government of the United States for its own purposes, as the lock and mail-bag repair shops of the Post Office Department; the public printing office and binding, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, the Navy Yard ordnance and ordnance stores, and the carpenter shops operated by the War, Navy, and Treasury departments. The statistics of the above Government operations are as follows: Capital employed, $7,477,290; miscellaneous expenses, $27,815; amount of wages paid, $3,821,176; cost of materials, $1,782,645; value of product, $5,960,931; number of hands employed, 4,592.

Deducting these various sums from the corresponding amounts in the preceding table, the remainders are the amounts to be credited to the private manufacturing enterprises of the District of Columbia, and the general result is that $22,093,131 in value, in one shape or another, has been added to the wealth of the District during the ten years preceding June 30, 1890.

The total number of the different kinds of industries in the District of Columbia, as reported by the census bulletin, is 120, and the total number of separate establishments, 2,300. Forty of these industries employ less than 10 men each, and there are four of them employing more than 1,000 hands each. These last are, carpentering, 2,428 hands; brick and tile, 1,204; printing and publishing, 3,597; and paper hanging and painting, 1,134. Each of five of these industries employs a capital of more than $1,000,000; namely, carpentering, $1,212,239; engraving on steel, including plate printing, and also including

some of the methods in the departments, which had become generally obnoxious, and in this determination he was thoroughly successful. Prompted by a desire to become more actively engaged in business pursuits, he became a director in the Second National Bank, in the United States Electric Lighting Company, in the American Security and Trust Company, in the Metropolitan Railroad Company, and in various other business enterprises. He is now president of the United States Electric Lighting Company, vicepresident of the American Security and Trust Company, and in all of these companies he takes a leading part in their advancement. His career throughout has been one of great activity and abundant success. Captain Thomas is yet a young man, and is conspicuous among that class of young men who have contributed so much toward making the Capital City one of the finest cities on the globe.

the United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing, $1,546,425; malt liquor, $1,174,191; painting and paper hanging, $1,108,050; and printing and publishing, including the United States Printing Office, but not including the value of the lands of the latter, $1,731,504. The classes of business each of which has over 100 establishments, are the following: Boots and shoes, 232; carpentering, 171; men's clothing, 116; women's clothing, 143; painting and paper hanging, 156.

The classes of business each of which annually use more than $1,000,000 are the following: Carpentering, $2,928,490; flouring and grist-mill products, $1,358,238; printing and publishing, $1,254,130.

The twenty-five principal industries are the following: Bottling, employing 208 hands and paying in the aggregate $118,957 in wages. Brick and tile-hands, 1,204; wages, $442,929. Carpentering-hands, 2,428; wages, $1,754,367. Carriages and wagons-hands, 290; wages, $160,170. Confectionery hands, 349; wages, $165,907. Engraving on steel-hands, 997; wages, $849,332. Flour and grist mills - hands, 149; wages, $85,718. Foundry and machine shops -- hands, 311; wages, $172,297. Furniture - hands, 161; wages, $94,048. Iron work- hands, 309; wages, $186,412. Malt liquors hands, 120; wages, $82,422. Lithographing and engraving-hands, 127; wages, $79,568. Planed lumber, sash, doors, and blinds - hands, 440; wages, $258,438. Marble and stone work- hands, 391; wages, $305,631. Masonry-hands, 661; wages, $537,180. Painting and paper hanging-hands, 1,134; wages, $748,728. Paving and paving materials-hands, 878; wages, $404,523. Plastering and stucco works - hands, 237; wages, $148,093. Plumbing and gas fitting-hands, 646; wages, $432,567. Printing and publishing hands, 3,099; wages, $2,494,406. Printing and publishing newspapers-hands, 498; wages, $389,731. Saddlery and harness — hands, 106; wages, $58,636. Tinware, etc.- hands, 424; wages, $259,120. Tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes - hands, 159; wages, $83,279. Watch, clock, and jewelry — hands, 126; wages, $83,224. From these figures the average annual wages paid in the different industries may be easily deduced.