The gardener's cottage and the chapel are south of the Scott building. From the front of the former is obtained a view of the Capitol, by means of what is called the Capitol Vista. The chapel is of Seneca freestone, and has two vestry rooms and a movable altar. Services are held on Sundays, under the auspices of three different denominations-the Roman Catholics in the morning, Lutherans in the afternoon, and the Episcopalians in the evening. At the southeast corner of the chapel is a granite monument, erected to the memory of Henry Wilson, of Massachussetts, and bearing the following inscription: 66 Henry Wilson, the soldiers' friend, died, Vice President of the United States, November 22, 1875. Erected by the enlisted men of the army."

In the distance directly south are Barnes' Hospital, ambulance, and carriage houses, and hospital steward's cottage, pump house, and dead house. The hospital is a model institution, and has accommodations for eighty-five patients. Its annual expenses amount to $20,000. A pretty summer house stands on the high ground west of the hospital. The lodges at the different gates and two other buildings, one of these being the old farm house on what was formerly the Wood farm, the other a small house north of the mansion, are the only ones provided for the families of inmates of the home.

In the southern portion of the grounds is the dairy farm, once the property of W. W. Corcoran, containing two hundred and fifty acres. The Corcoran cottage was erected on this tract about 1850. Directly south of it is a fine spring and spring house, and just beyond is the southern limit of the home grounds. The proposed new city reservoir is outside the fence, and in the middle of this reservoir is the famous Capitol spring, which formerly supplied the Capitol building with water.

Following is a list of the governors of the home: I. B. Crane, colonel First Artillery, December 20, 1851, to September 13, 1852; Larkin Smith, brevet major, September 13, 1852, to November 5, 1855; M. M. Payne, brevet colonel, November 5, 1855, to July 4, 1857; J. A. Haskins, brevet major, July 4, 1857, to November 7, 1857; M. M. Payne, colonel Second Artillery, November 7, 1857, to February 10, 1858; J. A. Haskins, February 10, 1858, to May 6, 1858; I. L. Alexander, major Eighth Infantry, deputy governor, May 8, 1858, to November 23, 1863; Justin Dimick, colonel United States Army, November 23, 1863, to April 1, 1868; I. B. McIntosh, brevet major-general, April 1, 1868, to July 1, 1868; A. Cady, colonel and brevet brigadier-general, July 1, 1868, to January 29, 1869; A. S.

Lee, brevet lieutenant-colonel, January 29, 1869, to October 5, 1871; T. G. Pitcher, brevet brigadier-general United States Army, October 5, 1871, to July 1, 1877. J. H. Potter, colonel Twenty-fourth Infantry, July 1, 1877, to July 2, 1881; S. D. Sturgis, colonel First Cavalry, brevet major-general United States Army, July 2, 1881, to May 15, 1885; Henry I. Hunt, brevet major-general United States Army, May 15, 1885, to September 23, 1885; R. Catlin, captain United States Army, deputy governor, September 23, 1885, to May 26, 1886; Henry I. Hunt, brevet major-general United States Army, May 26, 1886, to February 28, 1889; Orlando B. Willcox, brigadier-general, retired, February 28, 1889, to the present time.

The home has an excellent brass band, organized in 1886. Its members are inmates of the home, and they receive extra compensation. The band plays every afternoon, except Saturday, on the parade ground or in the hall, and every Wednesday afternoon between four and five o'clock it plays in front of Barnes' Hospital. The band also attends all funerals of inmates.

General Scott levied on the city of Mexico $300,000 for the violation of a truce. Of this money Congress appropriated $118,719 toward the erection of the Scott building. Since then the expenses of the institution have been paid out of its own funds. The revenues of the home are derived from the interest on a sinking fund, a tax of twelve and a half cents each month on each enlisted man in the army, from money due deserters, from fines, court-martial forfeitures, and from the proceeds of the unclaimed effects of deceased inmates. The amount realized annually is near $200,000, the regular annual expenses being about $200,000. The permanent surplus fund now amounts to $2,348,529.43, which draws interest at the rate of three per cent. per annum. The treasurer of the home is Major Richard C. Parker, who of course, has charge of the financial interests of the institution.

The first inmate was William Daily, admitted in May, 1851. The total number of inmates admitted to date is 7,097. There were on the rolls January 25, 1892, 1,228, of whom twenty-five are colored. The number steadily increases from year to year.

The movement resulting in the establishment of a national asylum for the insane commenced at least as early as 1841, on the 5th of January of that year the Hon. William Cost Johnson, of Maryland, asking unanimous consent to consider a bill making temporary provision for the lunatics of the District of Columbia. The bill was taken up on a suspension of the rules, and after considerable

discussion it was defeated by a vote of 72 to 82. On January 7, on motion of Mr. Fillmore, the vote was reconsidered, and the bill passed the House by a vote of 110 to 59. Those opposing the bill did so on constitutional grounds; those favoring it favored it from motives of right, justice, and charity.

At that time the corporation of Washington was allowing $2 per week for the care of each insane person, and asked the assistance of Congress only in case of persons requiring restraint. The insane were then kept in the old jail.

The District of Columbia, in appealing to Congress for aid, justified herself by the consideration that many of the insane whom she had to support belonged in distant parts of the country. Some of them were old men who came to Washington to secure pensions, which were in many cases refused, and in many of these cases the applicant became insane. Others came to Washington as inventors of many a crazy scheme, and failed to obtain a patent, and then became insane. Still others came to seek office under the Government, and being in many cases disappointed, became insane, like the applicants for pensions and patents. Hence, it was not just that the care of all the insane in the District should be taken care of by the District.

February 2, 1841, an act was approved making an appropriation of $3,000 to this object, and on August 3, 1841, another act was approved appropriating $3,500 to the same purpose, and authorizing the marshal of the District to provide for the pauper lunatics at any public asylum in the United States, consulting economy in the selection.

During the session of 1851-52, Congress appropriated $100,000 for the purpose of founding in the District a hospital for the insane of the District, and of the army and navy, to be erected on the beautiful place of Mr. Blagden, south of the Anacostia River, This result was brought about chiefly through the labors of Miss Dix, widely known for her philanthropic efforts in favor of the insane. Its erection was commenced in 1855 or 1856, and was about one-third completed in October of that year. At that time there were 95 patients in the institution; white males, 47; white females, 36; black males, 8; black females, 4. Dr. Nichols had charge of the hospital, and was assisted by Dr. William Young. The matron was Mrs. Montgomery.

This asylum is situated on Nichols Avenue. It is a national institution, and receives all the insane of the army and navy and the revenue marine service, and also the indigent insane of the District of Columbia. United States convicts, becoming insane, are also sent to this hospital by order of the Secretary of the Interior, on

the request of the Attorney-General. this time superintendent of the hospital.

W. W. Godding, M. D., is at

Providence Hospital is situated at the corner of Second and D streets Southeast. It was for several years in the old "infirmary," until that was destroyed by fire in 1859, and then a new building becoming an absolute necessity, the present building was provided for. It was commenced in June, 1861. All classes of patients were received, except those afflicted with contagious diseases. From the first, it has been in charge of Sisters of Charity, who, in 1866, on account of the limited accommodations at their command compared with their field of usefulness, commenced the erection of a new building, the corner stone of which was laid July 5, 1866. The building then erected is one hundred and eighty-one feet in length and ninetynine feet in depth, and it cost $110,000. The resident physicians are W. Don Cannon and Henry L. Hayes, and the medical and surgical staff is composed of some of the most distinguished physicians of the city.

The Columbia Hospital for Women was established in 1866. The first meeting of its incorporators was held June 21, 1866, at which A. D. Gillette, D. D., was elected president; C. H. Hall, D. D., and P. D. Gurley, D. D., vice-presidents; Rev. J. Coombs, secretary; Moses Kelly, treasurer. J. H. Thompson, M. D., was the physician in charge. Dr. Nictols and W. B. Matchett were appointed a committee to apply to Congress for an appropriation of $10,000 to defray the current expenses for that year. There were at first forty beds in the hospital which were supported by voluntary contributions, and fifty to be supported by popular subscription. Charles Knapp and H. D. Cooke had been the chief contributors to the support of the hospital up to this time. This hospital is finely situated at the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Twenty-fifth Street.

The Washington Orphan Asylum was established October 10, 1815, and during its earlier history it was managed by an association of benevolent ladies of the city. Mrs. Madison, wife of President Madison, was its first directress; Mrs. John P. Van Ness was her successor, and for many years she devoted herself to the interests of the asylum. with a zeal and liberality both helpful to the society having the institution in charge and highly honorable to herself, The asylum was first opened for girls, in a house on Seventh Street, between II and I streets, and afterward a large building was erected for its use on what was known as Mausoleum Square, fronting on II Street, between Ninth and Tenth streets. The corner stone of this building

was laid by Mrs. Van Ness, in the presence of a large number of people. The institution was incorporated by Congress in May, 1828, by the name of the "Washington City Orphan Asylum." This new building was occupied from 1826 to September, 1866, and from the time this house was occupied, orphans of both sexes were admitted. In 1848 Mr. Matthew Wright, then late of Washington, bequeathed the interest of $10,000 to aid in the support of the institution. Congress had previously donated lots in the city to the institution, valued at $10,000.

St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum was established by Rev. William Mathews and the Catholics of Washington about 1825, and it was chartered by Congress in 1831. It is situated on Tenth and G streets Northwest, and its management is entrusted to the Sisters of Charity. It is supported by private charity and voluntary contributions. In 1834 it received from Congress a donation of lots in Washington worth $10,000. It is one of the most prominent of the public charities in the city.

Garfield Memorial Hospital is situated at the head of Tenth Street Northwest, and owes its origin to a philanthropic movement begun within a month after President Garfield's death. Those interested in the establishment of this institution were some of them of national prominence-James G. Blaine, W. T. Sherman, S. F. Miller, William Windom, and Mrs. John A. Logan. It was incorporated in 1882, with Hon. S. F. Miller, president; B. G. Lovejoy, secretary, and Edward Temple, treasurer. Upon the death Upon the death of Judge Miller, Justice John M. Harlan became president. The Ladies' Aid Society has always done efficient service in sustaining the claims of the hospital. The entire property of this hospital, including its five acres of ground and five buildings, is valued at $250,000. The medical staff has always been exceedingly efficient. Congress makes an appropriation annually of about $15,000 for the current expenses of free wards, the general expenses, amounting to some $20,000 per annum, being met by the efforts of the Ladies' Aid Society. The capacity of the institution has increased from ten beds, in 1883, to one hundred and twenty at the present time. The number of patients admitted in 1891 was four hundred and ninety-five.

Besides the above-mentioned public institutions, there are also the following: The National Homeopathic Hospital, at the corner of N and Second streets Northwest; the Homeopathic Dispensary and Emergency Hospital, on Massachusetts Avenue, near Seventh Street; the Aged Women's Home, of which Mrs. B. Kennon is president and