portant from the war then just commencing. They were attended by about two hundred practitioners and students.

The College was incorporated by special act, April 3, 1861,1 under the name of "The Bellevue Hospital Medical College of the city of New York of the State of New York," with twenty-one Trustees,' who were to be divided by lot into three classes, and seven were to be elected annually by the Board, for terms of three years.

The corporation might hold property to the amount of $100,000, to be used for no other purpose, and such collections of books, and of the productions of nature and art as might be necessary for its purposes. They might grant the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and were to possess the general powers and be subject to the general restrictions and liabilities incident to corporations of this nature by the Revised Statutes.

This act was not to exclude students of other Medical Colleges from the enjoyment of the same privileges of hospital instruction they had enjoyed before, nor was it to exclude students of the Homœopathic College, chartered the year before, from the privileges of the hospital.

The building for the new Bellevue Hospital Medical College was erected during the following summer; meanwhile a regular course of lectures was established, but before the first course was finished the need of a larger building became apparent. After some delays, it was erected in the autumn and winter of 1865-66, by the commissioners, to serve the purposes of both a College and a Bureau of Medical and Surgical Relief for Out-door Poor, established in July, 1863. The old building was altered for use as a dead-house, the autopsy rooms, a room for judicial inquests and the morgue. The former auditorium became the museum, receiving the collections of Professors Wood and Mott, and the museum of the New York Medical College, purchased in 1864.

In 1871, the commissioners erected a larger and finer amphitheatre than the one previously used for clinical purposes, the old one having been found inadequate for the accommodation of the students in attendance.

1 Chap. 130, Laws of 1861.

The first Board consisted of Simeon Draper, James B. Nicholson, Isaac Bell, Jr., Moses H. Grinnell, John J. Astor, Moses Taylor, Wm. B. Crosby, John Ward, Samuel D. Cook, George F. Tallman, Edward Minturn, J. P. Gerard Foster, Anthony L. Robertson, E. H. Chapin, John Hughes, Robert T. Haws, Richard M. Blatchford, Robert S. Hone, James T. Brady, Watts Sherman and Matthew Mor. gan.

A summer course of lectures and recitations was commenced in 1867, and with this lecture course, recitations became from year to year more and more prominently associated, until the session of 1871, when they superseded entirely the systematic lectures, the course being made up of clinics by members of the Faculty of practical instruction in Diagnosis, Surgical Operations and Chemical Manipulations, in addition to the recitations, which were conducted by a corps of instructors throughout the year.

In a notice of this institution given in the work entitled "Public Service of the State of New York" (vol. III, p. 376), further information is given as follows:

"Of the Professors lecturing in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, fourteen are connected with the Bellevue or Charity Hospital either as physicians, surgeons or obstetricians. The Professors in all the practical departments hold appointments in the great public hospitals of New York. The Bureau of Medical and Surgical Relief for Out-door Poor is situated in the College building, and furnishes material for the College clinics.

The total number of patients in this department averages upward of 35,000 per year. Medical students are admitted to the Bellevue Hospital daily during the hours allotted to clinical teaching. All the important operations in surgery are performed publicly in the hospital amphitheatre. A steamboat, capable of accommodating the entire class, conveys the students from the College to the Charity Hospital, on Blackwell's Island, on the days when clinics are held, without charge. In addition to the Bellevue and the Charity Hospital, the student may avail himself of the resources for practical instruction afforded by other institutions under the charge of the Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction, namely: The Fever Hospital, the Hospital for Epileptics and Paralytics, the Nursery Hospital, the Insane Asylum, etc. The various city dispensaries and other public charities are also available to the student. The College building is not the property of the institution, but is occupied under a lease. The only property owned by the College is a museum, furniture and apparatus, the value of which is about $10,000. There is no College library. The College has no debts of any description. Its only source of revenue is the fees paid. The collegiate year embraces a regular winter session and a spring session. The regular term opens in October, and closes about the middle of March. The recitations, lectures and clinics for the spring session begin about the middle of March, and continue for thirteen weeks. Attendance during the regular term of the winter session is alone required for graduation, but the spring session affords opportunities to those who wish to prosecute the study of medicine in the city of New York during the spring months. During the spring term lectures upon special subjects

are given by members of the Faculty for the spring session. These lectures are free to those who have matriculated for the spring session. For the benefit of candidates for the primary and final examinations, members of the Faculty hold weekly examinations during the regular session, upon practice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics, materia medica, physiology, anatomy and chemistry. These examinations are free.

The aggregate annual fees for tickets to all the lectures during the regular winter session, including tickets for the clinical lectures at the Bellevue and Charity Hospitals and the College clinics, amount to $140. This sum does not include the spring recitation term. In addition to the fees for the tickets to the lectures is a matriculation fee of $5. The graduation fee is $30. The fee for dissection ticket is $10, which covers all the expenses of the dissecting-room. There is no charge for subjects, nor are there any incidental fees. There is no provision for gratuitous aid, but no charges for lectures are made to physicians of more than three years' standing, and to students of the College who have attended two or more courses of lectures."

Within the last year a donation of $50,000 from Andrew Carnegie, Esq., has been devoted to the erection of a suitable building for Laboratories and the purchase of apparatus, upon land provided on East Twenty-sixth street by the Board of Trustees and other friends of the College, a few yards distant from the College. This building in course of erection will be devoted mainly to Laboratory work in Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics and other departments of Medicine. It will contain, in addition to the general laboratories and private rooms for original work, a large auditorium for lectures, and will be fully equipped with means for original investigations of various kinds. Statistics.

The

[This College was not required by its charter to report to the Regents, and no reports were received prior to the one for the Collegiate year ending February 21, 1877. attendance and graduation since that date have been reported as follows:]

The first Decennial catalogue of this College, embracing the period from 1861 to 1871, contains 1,091 names of Graduates, of whom 28 graduated in 1862; 41 in 1863; 94 in 1864; 111 in 1865; 171 in 1866; 140 in 1867; 111 in 1868; 122 in 1869; 139 in 1870, and 134 in 1871.

Besides these there were 18 Graduates who had become irregular practitioners, and whose names were omitted.

At the end of the war, in 1865-66, a large number of students who had served in the army returned to complete their courses and graduate. The classes of all the prominent Medical schools were exceptionally large for that year.

The Decennial catalogue above referred to will give the reader an extended account of the organization and early history of this College. The Faculty during this period was as follows:

Isaac E. Taylor, M. D., 1861

President.

Secretaries.

Treasurers.

Austin Flint, Jr., M. D., 1862

B. W. McCready, M. D., 1861 (Mar. to Oct.). Austin Flint, Jr., M. D., 1861

Isaac E. Taylor, M. D., 1861 (Mar. to May).

R. 0. Doremus, M. D., 1861-62.

Austin Flint, M. D., 1862

Professors.

Principles and Practice of Medicine.

Surgery.

(Various Specialties.)

Benjamin W. McCready, M. D., 1861-72. William A. Hammond, M. D., 1872–

Austin Flint, Jr., M. D., 1861

Physiology.

Anatomy.

John W. S. Gouley, M. D., 1861 (March to Stephen Smith, M. D., 1865-72.

June).

"

Alpheus B. Crosby, M. D., 1872

Timothy Childs, M. D., 1861-65.

Chemistry and Toxicology.

R. Ogden Doremus, M. D., 1861

Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System.

William A. Hammond, M. D., 1867-.

THE BROOKLYN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL INSTITUTE.

Incorporated April 13, 1860, for the advancement of Medical Science, and with power to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine. No reports received.

CAPITOL CITY MEDICAL COLLEGE (Albany).

Incorporated April 13, 1871,' with the usual powers of a Medical College, but never organized.

COLLEGE OF PHARMACY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. This institution was organized in 1829, and incorporated April 25, 1831,3 by an act which constituted John Keese, John L. Embru, and those then members of an association then known as the College of Pharmacy, and such as might thereafter join them, a corporation to continue twenty-five years for the promotion of a knowledge of Pharmacy and its collateral branches. The Trustees were empowered to adopt rules and regulations in the examination of candidates, and to grant diplomas to those who had attended two courses of lectures at the College, had studied four years with a respectable druggist or apothecary, and had passed satisfactory examinations.

Instruction had commenced March 18, 1829, but reports were not made to the Regents until 1880, when 278 students were reported in attendance, and 44 graduated. The number of graduates since 1829 had been 522. The attendance in 1881 was 335; graduates, 65. In 1882 it was 341, with 83 graduates. In 1883, there were 171 students in the first and 109 in the second course, of whom 3 were females. Graduates in Pharmacy, 60, and from the beginning, 735. The College is located at 209-211 East Twenty-third street, New

1 Chap. 364, Laws of 1860, p. 611

2 Chap. 472, Laws of 1871.

3 Chap. 264, Laws of 1831. By an amendment of April 16, 1832 (chap. 326), it was enacted that after January 1, 1835, no person was to be allowed to practice Pharmacy in the city of New York, unless a graduate of this school or some other, or unless examined by the censors of the County Medical Society. Further amended March 6, 1839 (chap. 52).