Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, President's coma compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive, within that period, any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take His oath: the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." SECTION II. commander-in May require the heads of depart 1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army President to be and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several chief. States, when called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer opinion of the in each of the executive departments, upon any subject, relating to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power Reprieves and to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. ments. pardons. foreign inter course. public officers. 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of of treaties and the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other Appointment of public ministers and consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. the recess of the 3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that of vacancies in may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting com- Senate. missions which shall expire at the end of their next session. SECTION III. and duties. 1. He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information Further powers of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of Of removal of officers of the U. S. them; and, in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and shall commission all the officers of the United States. SECTION IV. 1. The President, Vice President and all civil officers of the by impeachment. United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Judicial power, how vested. Tenure of office. Compensation. Extent of the judicial power. [See amendment 11.j Original and appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Of trial by jury. ARTICLE III. SECTION I. 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their offices duringgood behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. SECTION II. 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State, between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects. 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crime shall have been committed, but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may, by law, have directed. SECTION III. treason and mode of proof. 1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in Definition of levying war against them or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment Its punishment. of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. SECTION I. 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. SECTION II. Mutual credit to be given to the public acts of the states. Mode of authenticating. of citizenship. 1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the priv- Reciprocal right ileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. justice. 2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony or other Fugitives from crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. service or labor. 3. No person held to scrvice or labor in one State, under the Fugitives from laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. SECTION III. states. 1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Admission of new Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. as to the territory and other proper ty of 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all Power of congress needful rules and regulations respecting the territory, or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Obligation of the SECTION IV. 1. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this the several states. Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. How the constitution may be amended. Proviso. Debts under the confederation as Supremacy of the U. S. constitution and laws. SECTION I. 1. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in threefourths thereof; as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by Congress: Provided, That no amendment, which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. 1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before sumed by the U. S. the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the confederation. 2. This Constitution and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. Oath required of public officers. 3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this No religious test. Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office, or public trust, under the United States. ARTICLE VII. SECTION I. this constitution. 1. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be Ratification of sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution, between the States so ratifying the same. Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States |