1828. Sir James Kempt. 1768. Gen. Sir Guy Carleton. (d) (Lord Dor- 1830. Lord Aylmer. chester). 1778. Gen. Frederick Haldimand. 1786. Lord Dorchester. 1797. Major-General Prescott. 1807. Sir James Craig. 1811. Sir George Prevost. 1815. Sir Gordon Drummond (Acting). 1816. Sir John Coape Sherbrooke. 1818. Duke of Richmond. 1819. Sir Peregrine Maitland (Acting). 1835. Lord Gosford. 1838. Earl of Durham. 1839. Sir John Colborne (Lord Seaton). 1839. Hon.C.P.Thompson (Lord Sydenham). 1842. Sir Charles Bagot. 1843. Sir Charles Metcalfe. 1845. Earl Cathcart. 1847. Earl of Elgin. 1855. Sir Edmund Walker Head. (c) Although Amherst's name is usually placed first on the list of English Governors of Canada it is well known that at the capitulation of Montreal he divided the Provinces into three Governments or Districts, for each of which he appointed a Governor, and that he himself very shortly afterwards left the country and did not return. The Governors of these three Districts during what is commonly called the period of Military Rule, from 8th September, 1760, to 10th August, 1764, were: District of Quebec: Gen. James Murray, September, 1760, to August, 1764. District of Three Rivers: Col. Ralph Burton, September, 1760, to May, 1762; Col. Fred. Haldimand, May, 1762, to March, 1763; Col. Ralph Burton, March, 1763, to October, 1763; Col. Fred. Haldimand, October, 1763, to August, 1764. District of Montreal: Gen. Thos. Gage, September, 1763, to October, 1763; Col. Ralph Burton, October, 1763, to August, 1764. (d) Sir Guy Carleton was Lieutenant-Governor and acting Governor General from 24th September, 1766, to 25th October, 1768. (e) From 1786 to 1867 the Governor at Quebec held also a commission as Governor of ch of the Maritime Provinces, and (from 1791 to 1841) of Upper Canada, the Government In 1820 Cape Breton was re-annexed to Nova Scotia. GOVERNORS OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 1770. Capt. Walter Patterson. 66 1786. Lt. Gen. Edmund Fanning. 1805. Col. J. F. W. Debarres. 1812. W. Townshend. 1813. Chas. Douglas Smith. 1824. Col. John Ready. 1831. Sir Aretas W. Young. 1834. George Wright (Administrator). 66 1836. Sir John Harvey. 1851. Sir Alexander Bannerman. of these provinces being administered by a Lieut. -Governor, except during the presence in any province of the Governor General. (f.) Acadia was held by the English from 1654 to 1670, for although the Treaty of Breda (1667) provided for its restoration to France it was not actually surrendered till July, 1670. (9.) Philipps appears to have remained Governor of Nova Scotia for several years, Armstrong administering the Government till he died by his own hand in 1739. (h.) Adams administered the Government after Armstrong's death from 6th December, 1739, to 22nd March, 1740. (i.) Mascarene administered the Government as President of the Council from 22nd March, 1740, till 1748, when he took command as Lieut. -Governor and Commander-in-Chief in the absence of Philipps. (See his letter to Secretary of State). 1866. Capt. F. Seymour. | 1869. Anthony Musgrave. 9 17. Chronological landmarks in the History of Canada are: 1497. June 24. Cabot discovered Cape Breton. 1500. Gasper Cortereal entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 1517. Sebastian Cabot discovered Hudson Bay. 1524. Verrazano explored the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia. 1534. July 1. Landing of Jacques Cartier at Esquimaux Bay. First landing on Canadian soil. 1535. July. Second visit of Cartier. August 10. Cartier anchored in a small bay at the mouth of the St. John River, which, in honour of the day, he named after St. Lawrence. The name was afterwards extended to the gulf and river. 1540. Third visit of Cartier. 1542-43. The Sieur de Roberval and his party wintered at Cap Rouge. 1598. The Marquis de la Roche landed 40 convicts on Sable Island, where they were left for five years without relief, only twelve being found alive at the end of that time. 1603. First visit of Samuel de Champlain to Canada. 1605. Founding of Port Royal (Annapolis), Acadia (derived from an Indian word "Cadie," a place of abundance), by the Baron de Poutrincourt. 1608. Second visit of Champlain. Founding of Quebec, the first permanent settlement of Canada. The name is said to be an Indian one, "Kebec," a strait. 28 settlers wintered there, including Champlain. 1611. Establishment of a trading post at Hochelaga. Jesuits arrive in Port Royal, Acadia. 1613. St. John's, Newfoundland, founded. Ottawa River discovered by Champlain. 1615. Lakes Huron, Ontario and Nipissing discovered by Champlain. (Champlain sailed up the Ottawa River, crossed Lake Nipissing and descended French River into Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, returning by Lake Ontario). 1617. Canada invaded by the Iroquois. 1620. Population of Quebec, 60 persons. 1621. First mention of the name "Nova Scotia" in a grant of the Province to Sir W. Alexander by James I. First code of laws promulgated at Quebec. 1624. Nova Scotia first settled by the English. 1625. Jesuits first arrive in New France. 1627. Canada granted to the Company of "100 Associates" by the King of France. Feudal system established in Canada. 1629. July. Capture of Quebec by the English under Sir David Kirke. 117 persons wintered there. 1632. Canada, Cape Breton and Acadia restored to France by the Treaty of St. Germainen-Laye. First school opened in Canada, at Quebec. 1634. July 4. The Town of Three Rivers founded. August 13. founded. Fort Richelieu (Sorel) 1635. Sillery founded Jesuits' College in Quebec. Lake Michigan discovered by Nicolet. December 25. Death of Champlain at Quebec. 1639. Ursuline Convent founded at Quebec. 1640. Lake Erie discovered by Chaumonot and Brébeuf. 1642. May 18. Ville Marie (Montreal) founded by Maisonneuve. 1642-1667. Frequent and serious wars between the French and the Iroquois Indians. 1647. Lake St. John discovered. 1651. Expedition to Hudson Bay. 10 1654. Acadia taken by the English. 1659. M. de Laval, first Roman Catholic Bishop of Canada, arrived from France. Superior discovered by French traders. 1663. Company "of 100 Associates" dissolved. Royal Government established. Courts of Law. 1664. Seigniories granted. Lake First 1667. Acadia restored to France by Treaty of Breda. White population of New France, 3,918. 1670. May 13 (n.s.). Hudson's Bay Company founded. 1672. Count de Frontenac appointed Governor. Population, 6,705. 1673. June 13. Cataraqui (Kingston) founded. 1674. Iroquois established at Caughnawaga. 1689. August 5. Massacre at Lachine by Indians. 1690. Capture of Port Royal by Sir William Phipps, and unsuccessful attack upon Quebec. 1692. Population of New France, 12,431. 1695. Iberville took English forts in Hudson Bay. 1697. Treaty of Ryswick. Mutual restoration of places taken during the war. 1698. Death of Frontenac. Population, 13,355. 1701. August 4. Ratification of a treaty of peace with the Iroquois at Montreal. adians granted leave to manufacture. Can 1709-10-11. Canada invaded by the English. Port Royal (Annapolis) taken by Nicholson (1710). 1713. Treaty of Utrecht, by which Hudson Bay and adjacent territory, Nova Scotia (Acadia) and Newfoundland were ceded to the English. 1715. First ships built at Quebec. 1719. First Government founded by the English in Nova Scotia. 1720. Population of New France, 24,434, and of St. John's Island (Prince Edward Island) about 100. Fort of Louisburg built. 1721. January 27. Mail stages established between Quebec and Montreal. 1722. Division of settled country in Canada into Parishes. 1739. Population of New France, 42,701. First forge erected in Canada-at St. Maurice. 1745. Louisburg, Cape Breton, taken by the English. 1747. Militia rolls drawn up for Canada. Courts of Justice constituted in Nova Scotia. 1748. Restoration of Louisburg to the French in exchange for Madras, by the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. 1749. June 21. The City of Halifax founded by Lord Halifax; 2,544 British emigrants brought out by the Hon. Edward Cornwallis. 1752. March 23. Issue of the Halifax Gazette, the first paper published in Canada. 1755. Expulsion of the Acadians from Nova Scotia. About 3,000 were deported at the request of the New England colonists. 1758. First meeting of Nova Scotian Legislature. July 26. Final capture of Louisburg by the English. 1759. July 26. Capture of Fort Niagara by the English under General Prideaux, who was killed during the assault. July 25. Commencement of the siege of Quebec. September 12. Battle of the Plains of Abraham and defeat of the French by General Wolfe, who was killed on the field. Loss of the English, 700, and of the French, 1,500. September 13. Death of General Montcalm, commander of the French forces. 1760. April. Unsuccessful attack on Quebec by General de Lévis. Capitulation of 1762. British population of Nova Scotia, 8,104. First English settlement in New Bruns 1763. February 10. Treaty of Paris signed, by which France ceded and guaranteed to 1768. General Carleton, afterwards Lord Dorchester, appointed Governor General. 1774. The "Quebec Act" passed. This Act gave the French Canadians the free exercise of the Roman Catholic religion, the enjoyment of their civil rights, and the protection of their own civil laws and customs. It annexed large territories to the Province of Quebec and provided for the appointment by the Crown of a Legislative Council, and for the administration of the criminal law as in use in England. North-west coast of British Columbia explored by Vancouver and Cook. 1775. Outbreak of the American Revolution and invasion of Canada by the Americans ; every place of importance rapidly fell into their hands, with the exception of Quebec, in an attack upon which General Montgomery was defeated and killed on 31st December. 1776. Reinforcements arrived from England, and the Americans were finally driven out of Canada. 1777. Order of Jesuits abolished by Papal decree and consequent escheat of their estates in Canada to the Crown. 1778. June 3. First issue of the Montreal Gazette. This paper is still published. 1783. September 3. Signing of the Treaty of Versailles and definition of the boundary line between Canada and the United States, viz., the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence, the 45th parallel of north latitude, the highlands dividing the waters falling into the Atlantic from those emptying themselves into the St. Lawrence and the Ste. Croix River. 1784. Population of Canada, 113,012. (United Empire Loyalists in Upper Canada not included.) Fredericton, N.B., founded. Cape Breton separated from Nova Scotia politically. British population of Nova Scotia, 32,000 (about 11,000 Acadians not included). 1784. About this time began the migration into Canada and Nova Scotia of the United Empire Loyalists, as they were called-that is, of those settlers in the American States who had remained faithful to the British cause. This migration lasted for several years, and though it is not possible to arrive at any exact figures, it is probable that the number altogether was not less than 40,000. The Loyalists were well treated by the British Government, and large grants of lands were made to them in various parts of the country. The banks of the St. Lawrence and the shores of Lake Ontario, in particular, were settled by about 10,000 persons, on lands allotted to them by the Government. 1785. May 18. Date of charter of St. John, N. B., the oldest incorporated town in Canada. Sydney, C. B., founded by Lieutenant-Governor Desbarres. August 16. New Brunswick made a separate province; population, 11,457. Reintroduction of the right of habeas corpus. 1787. First Colonial See established in the British Empire in connection with the Church of England, in Nova Scotia. 1788. Western Canada (now Ontario) divided into five districts, and English law introduced. King's College (N.S.) founded. 1791. Division of the Province of Quebec into two provinces, viz., Upper and Lower Canada. Each province to have a Lieutenant-Governor, and a Legislature composed of a House of Assembly and a Legislative Council. The members of the council were to be appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor for life; those of the Assembly to be elected by the people for four years. Population of the two provinces, 161,311. 1792. September 17. First meeting of the Parliament of Upper Canada at Newark (Niagara), under Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. The House of Assembly consisted of sixteen members. December 17. Opening of the Legislature of Lower Canada, at Quebec, by Gen. Clarke. The House of Assembly consisted of fifty members. 1793. Abolition of slavery in Upper Canada. Upper and Lower Canada separated from the Church of England See of Nova Scotia, and founded into a separate See. Toronto founded as York. Rocky Mountains crossed by Mackenzie. Public Accounts first published. 1796. The seat of Government of Upper Canada removed from Niagara to York (Toronto). 1798. The name of St. John's Island changed to that of Prince Edward Island, in honour of the Duke of Kent, the change to take effect in 1800. Population, 4,500. 1799. Education Act passed in Upper Canada. 1800. Jesuits' Estates taken possession of by the Government. granted a royal charter. 1805. January 1. Founding of the Quebec Mercury. King's College (N.B.) 1806. November 22. Issue of Le Canadien, the first newspaper printed entirely in French. Population of Upper Canada, 70,718, and of Lower Canada, 250,000. 1807. Grammar schools founded in Upper Canada. 1809. First steamer on St. Lawrence River. 1811. Judges excluded from Parliament. |