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AGS Gb

1831

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

THE First Edition of the following work, having met with a more flattering reception among its Patrons, than the most sanguine hopes of the Editor allowed him to anticipate, he has been encouraged to attempt several improvements in this edition.

In making these improvements, the Editor has endeavored to render the plan of the work more simple-has erased such portions as appeared devoid of interest, or utility, and substituted therefor more than sixty pages, original matter, on topics, which, it is believed, will be found important in the view of those for whose benefit the work is designed.

It has been the object of the Editor from the first to proceed upon the principle of selection and utility-to embrace so few subjects, as to enable him to enlarge upon them, according to their relative importance; and to treat of them in so plain and practical a manner, as to render the work intelligible and useful. By this means, he has been enabled, he trusts, in a measure to avoid a serious obJection, which has sometimes been made to the portable Encyclopedias extant, that they embrace so great a variety of articles, as to render them little more than Dictionaries. A different course has been here adopted; and it gives the Editor pleasure to know that it has the sanction of a large portion of his patrons.

To the friends, who have aided him, and lightened his task, he takes occasion to renew the expression of his thanks, especially to the author of the article on Horticulture. In respect to that article, the Editor is requested to say, that it is chiefly an abridgement of Cobbett's excellent system of gardening. And in relation to several other parts of the work, he can claim no other merit, than that of presenting to his readers a condensed and faithful compilation.

The nature of the work has precluded him, in many instances, from giving credit to the several authors of whose labors, he has availed himself.

It belongs to this place, therefore, to express his obligation to Guy's Pocket Encyclopedia, Edinburgh Encyclopedia, Mitchel's Pocket Encyclopedia, Library of Useful Knowledge, Library of Entertaining Knowledge, Godman's Natural History, Goldsmith's Natural History, Hooper's Medical Dictionary, Family Physician, American Farmer, New England Farmer, Complete Grazier, Loudon's Encyclopedia of Agriculture, Clater's, Hind's and Mason's Farming, White on the Diseases of Cattle, Bigelow's Technology, Allen's Mechanics, Tegg's Book of Utility, American Almanac, &c. &c.

CONTENTS.

PART I. MAN.

GENERAL INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

SECTION I.

NATURAL HISTORY, STRUCTURE, &c. p. 14—29.

Varieties of the Human Species-Intellectual capacity-Difference of Form,

Stature, and Complexion-Origin of the North American Indians-Human Struc-

ture, viz. Bones-Teeth-Muscles-Flesh-Skin-Absorbents-Cartilages-Mem-

brane-Gland-The Brain-Cerebrum-Cerebellum-The Spinal Marrow-The

Thorax, or Chest-Respiration-The Windpipe-The Lungs-The Heart-An Ar-

tery-A Vein-Air-The Blood-Thoracic Duct-The Abdomen-The Liver-The

Bile The Spleen, or Milt-The Stomach-Of Digestion-The Gastric Juice-The

Intestines-The Kidneys-The Senses, viz.-The Eye-Feeling-The Nose-The

Taste-The Sexes.

SECTION II.

OF THE MIND AND ITS FACULTIES. p. 29--35.

The Mind-Sensation-Memory-Imagination-Genius-Reason-The Will-

Ghost-Knowledge-The Passions.

PART II. ALIMENTS.

GENERAL VIEW OF THE VARIOUS ALIMENTARY PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL

AND VEGETABLE FOOD; AND THEIR DIFFERENT EFFECTS UPON THE

HUMAN CONSTITUTION. p. 35-47.

SECTION I.

OF ARTIFICIAL ALIMENTS. p. 47-53.

Bread-Starch-Sugar-Tea-Coffee-Chocolate-Rice-The Yam-The Plan-
tain-Bread Fruit, &c.-Cheese, Butter, &c. See Agriculture.

SECTION II.

OF FRUITS. p. 53-63.

Oranges-The Citron-The Lemon-Olive-The Almond-Tamarinds-Prunes

-The Cacao Nut-The Cocoa Nut-The Pomegranate-The Fig-The Banian, or

Indian Fig Tree-Raisins-Dates-Pine Apple-Apple-Plum-Peach-Nectarine

-Apricot-Cherry-Quince.

Water-Wine-Method of Making and Fining Wine-Currant Wine-Method

of making Currant Wine-Cider-Method of making Cider Vinegar-Method of

making Vinegar-Alcohol-Rum-Brandy-Geneva, or Gin-Arrack-Ale-Malt

Method of making Malt-Brewing-Hops.

Ginger-Nutmeg-Clove-Pepper-Cassia-Cinnamon-Salt-Method of ma-

king Salt-Mustard-Ketchup.

SECTION V.

OF ANIMALS. p. 81-111.

Domestic Animals, See Agriculture-The Lion-The Tiger-The Puma, or Cou-

gar-Domestic Cat-The Dog-The Camel-Llama-The Giraffe-Rein Deer-

Moose-American Elk-Elephant-Method of taking the Elephant-Gigantic,

Mastodon, or Mammoth-Bear-Seal-Beaver.

SECTION VI.

OF FISH. p. 111-117.

The Salmon Fishery-Cod Fishery-Herring Fishery-Mackerel Fishery-Shad

The Lobster-Oysters-Tortoise-Whale-Method of taking Whales.

SECTION VII.

OF FOWL. p. 117-125.

The Cock-The Hen-The Turkey - The Guinea Hen-The Goose-Duck-

Wild Pigeon-Carrier Pigeon.

PART III.

PRESERVATION OF HEALTH, &c.

SECTION I.

RULES AND HINTS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE, HEALTH, &c. P, 127-156.

Rules of Sir R. Philips-Of Dr. Boerhaave-Experience of Howard-Hints to

Students-Quantity of Food-Abstinence-Exercise-Friction-Air-Sleep-Sleep-

ing

Apartments-Beds-Cleanliness-Bathing-Contagion--Purifying and Disin-

fecting Agents-Tobacco-Dr. Rush's View of the Effects of certain Liquors upon

the body and minds of men-Of Opium and Laudanum-Of Wounds cut with

sharp Instruments Of Poisoned Wounds-Mode of Treatment-Strains or Sprains

-Treatment of Frozen Limbs--Burns and Scalds-Dress of Children-Diet of

Children-Sleep-Exercise-Washing and Bathing of Children-Teething--

Summer Complaint--Hooping Cough-Croup-Measles.

CONTENTS.

SECTION II.

OF POISONS-SUSPENDED ANIMATION. p. 156-164

Different kinds of Poisons-Symptoms, and Remedies-Stomach Pump-Poison
from the fumes of Burning Charcoal, Gas from Wells, Caverns, &c. and the neces-
sary Treatment-Drowning-Symptoms of apparent Death by Drowning-Treat-
ment-Choking-Treatment-Lightning, and its Remedy.

SECTION III.

FAMILY DISPENSATORY. p. 164-168.

Weights and Measures used by Apothecaries, and the signs by which they are
denoted-Recipes for the making of Laxative Pills-Pills of Aloes, and Fetida-
Hull's Colic Pills-Purging Pills-Sir H. Halford's Aperient Pills-Strengthening
Pills-To Excite Perspiration-Adhesive Plaster-Anodyne Plaster-Strengthening
Plaster-Picra-Sweating Powder, or Dover's Powder-Elixir Proprietatus-Tinc
ture of Bark, or Huxham's Tincture-Tincture of Guaiac-Laudanum-Elixir
Asthmatic-Linseed Meal Poultice-Bread and Water Poultice--Mustard Poultice-
Yeast Poultice-Simple Ointment-Golden Ointment-Sulphur Ointment-Pile
Ointment-Basilican Ointment-Simple Sirup-Sirup of Ginger-Sirup of Lemons
-volatile Liniment-Liniment of Oil and Lime-Camphorated Oil-Opodeldoc.

PART IV.

OF MANUFACTURES, AND THE MECHANIC ARTS. p. 168-240.
Cotton; Manner of raising Cotton; Process of Manufacturing Cotton into Cloth;
Silk Manufacture; Satin; Velvet; Taffety; Gauze; Tabby; Brocade; Stockings;
History of Silk; Mulberry Tree; Mode of Cultivation; Eggs of Silk Worms;
Hatching the Eggs; Rearing Silk Worms; Rising of the Silk Worms; Picking of
the Cocoons; Cocoons kept for Use; Cocoons intended for Sale; Manufacture of
Linen; Of Cambric; Of Lace; Culture of Flax; Culture of Hemp; Art of
Tanning; Of Currying; Manufacture of Parchment; Of Morocco; Of Glue;
Of Hats; Of Buttons, Method of Refining Gold; Art of Gilding; Of Silvering;
Of Coining; Process of Making Tin and Tin plate; Solder; Melting and casting
of Metals; Art of Casting in Sand; Of casting Statues; Of Casting Cannon; Of
Casting Bells; Of Casting Printing Letters; Printing; History of Printing; Art
of Common, or Letter-press Printing; of Rolling press Printing; of Calico Print-
ing; and Stereotype Printing; Method of Making Varnish; Art of Japanning;
Method of making Bricks; Manufacture of Tiles; Pipes; Pottery; Delft-ware;
Of Porcelain, or China; Of Glass; Ingredients of Glass; Method of making
Bottles, Phials, Drinking Glasses, Window Glass, Plate Glass, for Looking Glasses,
&c.; Manufacture of Putty; Pins; Needles; Art of Bleaching; Manufacture of
Woollen Cloths; Of Camblet; Of Carpets; Art of Dyeing; Materials for Dyeing
different Colors; General Rules for Dyeing all Colors; Soap; Candles; Wax;
Manufacture of Sealing-Wax; Of Paper; Architecture; General History and De-
scription of the different Styles of ancient and modern Architecture, &c. &c. &c.