$275,000 and the re-appropriation of the unexpended balance of the appropriation previously made for the continuance of the participation of the United States in the New York World's Fair, 1940. Public Act 668, 76th Congress (54 Stat. 634), appropriated the funds authorized, to remain available until the termination of the commission.

The New York World's Fair closed on October 27, 1940.

UNITED STATES CORONADO EXPOSITION COMMISSION

(Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, 1940 and 1941)

Commissioners:

The Vice President of the United States;

The Speaker of the House of Representatives;

The Secretary of the Interior;

The Secretary of Commerce.

Secretary: John J. Dempsey, of New Mexico, Member of the House of Representatives.2

Managing Director: G. C. Dickens, of Washington, D. C.3

Public 186, approved July 17, 1939 (53 Stat. 1047), authorized the establishment of the United States Coronado Exposition Commission for the purpose of representing the United States in connection with the holding of an exposition and celebrations during the observances and commemoration of the four-hundredth anniversary of the explorations of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in the States of Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Under this act there was also authorized to be appropriated the sum of $250,000 for the purpose of carrying out the provisions thereof. Subject to the provisions of this act, the Commission was authorized to make any expenditures or allotments deemed necessary by it to fulfil properly the purposes of the act, including the expenditure of not to exceed $10,000 for the erection of a suitable monument at or near the point on the international boundary between the United States and Mexico where Coronado first entered what is now the United States, and to allocate such additional sums as the Commission might deem necessary and proper in carrying out the pur

'Mr. Dempsey was appointed Commissioner, United States Maritime Commission, on January 3, 1941.

Mr. Dickens succeeded Mr. Clinton P. Anderson, of New Mexico, who resigned as Managing Director on August 23, 1940. In April 1941, Mr. Dickens resigned as Managing Director.

poses of this act for (1) the erection of monuments; (2) the erection and enlargement of museum facilities for the housing of historical and anthropological material and material illustrative of the arts and crafts of such States; (3) the preparation and publication of historical pamphlets; and (4) assistance in defraying any other expenses incurred in properly observing and commemorating such anniversary. Public 361, approved August 9, 1939 (53 Stat. 1307), appropriated the sum of $200,000 for all expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of the above-mentioned act.

Inasmuch as Francisco Vasquez de Coronado and his expedition did not reach the territory which has since become the States of Oklahoma and Kansas until the year following his exploration of the others, those two States made arrangements to celebrate the anniversary in 1941 instead of 1940.

Commissions were set up in the various States to cooperate with the Federal Commission and to stage Coronado shows called the "Entrada". During the fiscal year 1941 five of these pictorial representations, in pageant form, of the entry of Coronado were held in Kansas.

CENTENNIAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADOR
(San Salvador, El Salvador, February 16-18, 1941)

Representative: Robert Frazer, American Minister to El Salvador.

The Centennial, which was held from February 16 to 18, 1941, commemorated the hundredth anniversary of the Salvadoran University. The following countries were represented by government or university delegates: Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, and United States of America. Mr. Gerhard Gade, Secretary of Legation, San Salvador, was the delegate of Harvard University. The National Legislative Assembly of El Salvador declared these three days national holidays, and a special set of postage stamps was issued to commemorate the event.

During the meetings held on these days, honorary diplomas were awarded, scientific treatises were read by prominent doctors, and busts of the founders of the university were unveiled. The celebrations concluded with an al-fresco show written and acted by students of the university.

SECTION III

PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS, COMMITTEES, INSTITUTES, TRIBUNALS, AND SIMILAR ORGANIZATIONS, INCLUDING THE NAMES OF OFFICIAL AMERICAN MEMBERS

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF THE LIGHTHOUSE AT CAPE SPARTEL

(Treaty of May 31, 1865')

Offices: Tangier, Morocco.

American Member: J. Rives Childs, First Secretary and Consul, Tangier.2

The Cape Spartel Light was built in 1864 by the Moroccan Government on the coast of Morocco, at the southwesterly entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar, where many vessels had been wrecked.

The important position of the light, especially for signaling purposes in time of war, actuated the foreign governments represented at Morocco to arrange for a guaranty as to the permanent neutrality of the lighthouse. The Moroccan Government was willing to accept. such an arrangement provided the foreign governments most interested were willing to take charge of and maintain the light.

As a consequence the treaty of May 31, 1865, proclaimed by the President of the United States of America, March 12, 1867, provided for the participation of the United States in the maintenance of this light.

The control of the lighthouse is vested in the International Com-. mission for the Maintenance of the Cape Spartel Light, composed of the diplomatic and consular representatives of the treaty powers in Tangier.

Money for the contribution of the United States toward the upkeep of the lighthouse from 1867 to 1871 was obtained by drawing on the banker of the United States in London. The first congressional

'Mr. Childs was assigned as First Secretary and Consul at Tangier on December 23, 1940, and succeeded Mr. John Campbell White as American Member of the International Commission. Mr. White held the position of Diplomatic Agent and Consul General, Tangier, from June 19, 1940 to November 29, 1940.

appropriation for these payments was made in 1872 (17 Stat. 124). For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941 the sum of $1,176 was appropriated for the contribution of the United States (54 Stat. 187).

3 PERMANENT COURT OF ARBITRATION 3

(Hague Conventions of July 29, 1899 and October 18, 1907 for the pacific settlement of international disputes *)

Offices: The Hague, Netherlands.

American Members:

Manley O. Hudson, LL.D., S.J.D., D.C.L., of Massachusetts;
Green H. Hackworth, of the District of Columbia;

Henry L. Stimson, LL.D., of New York;

Michael Francis Doyle, LL.D., of Pennsylvania.

The Permanent Court of Arbitration was created under article 20 of the convention for the pacific settlement of international disputes, which was signed at The Hague on July 29, 1899 and maintained under article 41 of the convention signed at The Hague on October 18, 1907. The court consists of persons of known competency in questions of international law, no more than four of whom are selected by each of the contracting powers.

The Permanent Court of Arbitration is not a court in the ordinary sense. Rather, the members of the court constitute a panel of competent jurists from which arbitrators may be chosen by states parties to a dispute to pass upon that controversy. The arbitrators are selected by the parties to each controversy; and usually different individuals act as arbitrators in different cases, the selection being optional with the parties to the controversy. In some instances the arbitrators are chosen to pass upon a series of cases, as, for example, a group or groups of international claims. The arbitral tribunal thus selected assembles at The Hague, unless another place is decided upon. Under the statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice, members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration belonging to states which are members of the League of Nations or mentioned in the annex to the Covenant are entitled, acting as national groups, to nominate candidates in the election of the judges of the Permanent Court of International Justice.

Forty-four countries, including the United States of America, are at present members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and con

'For an account of the International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, see post, p. 89.

Treaty Series 392; 32 Stat. 1779; Treaty Series 536; 36 Stat. 2199.

tribute to the support of the International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE

(Convention of June 7, 1905 as amended by protocol of April 21, 1926)

Offices: Rome, Italy.

American Member of the Permanent Committee: John Clyde Marquis, of Indiana.

The International Institute of Agriculture is a permanent organization created by the convention of June 7, 1905, which was signed by representatives of 40 states, including the United States of America. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941 a majority of nations continued to be represented by delegates, and the Institute continued its work as usual.

The Institute operates under the broad charge, "For the protection of the common interests of farmers and for the betterment of their conditions, after preliminary study of all requisite sources of information". It acts as a clearing house for the collection, analysis, and distribution of information on statistics, legislation, and economic and technical problems through bureaus devoted to each of these subjects. The Institute organizes and publishes the results of the world agricultural census; the first reports for 1940 appeared during the fiscal year 1941. The Institute prepares data and holds conferences on matters of international concern, such as trade, standardization, insect-pest control, etc.

The results of the work of the Institute are made known to the governments of member nations and the public by radio, cable, and printed publications. It issues six regular periodicals, year books on agricultural statistics, and legislation and monographs dealing with special studies.

The Institute library, now one of the largest in the world, gathers agricultural books and periodicals from all countries and maintains collaboration with the agricultural libraries of various nations. The management of the Institute is entrusted to a General Assembly and a Permanent Committee. The General Assembly, consisting of special delegates representing the member nations, meets biannually to consider proposals for study by the Permanent Committee, by member governments, and by international congresses on agriculture, and approves the plan of work and the budget for the following biannual period.

5 Treaty Series 489; 35 Stat. 1918; 49 Stat. 3350.