3. For nearly a week we were becalmed in the open Pacific, in a ship almost entirely destitute of provisions. 4. The field this year yielded a much better crop, through the exertions of the proprietor.

5. He reads every morning after breakfast regularly ten pages of Cicero.

6. The boy threw himself into a violent heat yesterday by jumping in the garden.

7. At noon on account of the heat of the sun the cattle seek the shade.

8. Pope, in his last illness, amused himself, amidst the care of his higher concerns, in preparing a corrected and complete edition of his writings.

COMPOSITIONS.

DIRECTION. - Make up ten sentences or more about BUTTER, telling what you know about it, or what you think about it, whether you like it or dislike it, how it looks, how it is made, and so on.

TO THE TEACHER. In the exercises under this head, scholars, even the youngest, will occasionally form sentences which are more advanced than those given in the models, introducing relative pronouns, conjunctions, and subordinate clauses, in regard to which no rules as yet have been given. Such sentences should not, indeed, be required of them for the present; but if given by them, and if found formed correctly, they should not be discountenanced, but rather commended. The scholar learns to use words and form sentences, not by exercises and rules merely or mainly, but by conversation, reciting, and reading. In making up sentences for the expression of his own thoughts or opinions, he should be encouraged to exercise his ingenuity, and to tell what he knows and thinks, in such ways as are familiar to him, so far as they are grammatical.

DIRECTION. — Make up ten sentences or more about each of the following subjects, telling what you know, think, or feel about it.

DIRECTION.- Make up ten sentences or more about each of

DIRECTION. - Make up ten sentences or more about each of

EXAMPLE.-Birds fly and fishes swim.

NOTE 1.- In this sentence, there are two component parts, each forming by itself a complete sentence, and not dependent in any way one upon the other. They merely stand alongside of each other, and are held together as one by the connecting word and. Such sentences are called Connective.

NOTE 2.-The principal words used for connecting sentences in this way are and, too, also, likewise, besides, moreover, furthermore, not only-but also, not only-but likewise, etc.

EXAMPLES.-1. [Not only] Cæsar was a great warrior; [but also] he was a great writer.

2. The cat catches mice; [and] she eats them [too].

DIRECTION.

Copy the following sentences, and in each

enclose in brackets the connective word or words.

1. The horse serves for riding; it is also used for

draught.

2. Some books are not only amusing, but they are also instructive.

3. The blacksmith not only makes new utensils, but he also repairs old ones.

4. The ass has a rough coat; he has likewise a thick skin.

5. Day is the time for labor, and night is the time for

rest.

DIRECTION.

Complete the following sentences by making an additional part for each, so as to change it into a Connective sentence. Enclose the connective words in brackets.

also

and

1. The boy is not only amiable; 2. The winter has been severe, and 3. The birds fly about the garden; 4. Thomas buys many books; 5. The bee is not only an industrious animal, but likewise

too.

DIRECTION. -Make up a Complex Sentence, composed of two co-ordinate parts, with suitable connective words, about each of the following subjects. Enclose in brackets the connective words in each.

1. The street-car. 2. The school-house. 5. The noise of a locomotive. 3. The church spire. 6. The arrival of the train.

4. The sound of a chime of bells.

EXAMPLE. Cæsar was not only a great warrior; but also [he was] a great writer.

Contracted form. - Cæsar was not only a great warrior, but also a great writer.

NOTE. In forming a connective sentence, the sentence may sometimes be shortened by leaving out certain words. Thus, in the example, the words he was may be left out, because the idea

has already been sufficiently expressed by the words Cæsar was, in the first part of the sentence.

DIRECTION. Write the following sentences in a contracted form, leaving out those words which are not needed for expressing the meaning.

1. The dog barks, and the dog bites.

2. The boy laughed, and the girl laughed.

3. You should love your brothers, and you should love your sisters.

4. Pharisee was the name of a sect, Scribe was the name of an office.

5. Pennsylvania abounds in coal, and Pennsylvania abounds in iron.

DIRECTION. - Make up five sentences, each with two subjects and only one predicate, and let the following be the subjects: 1. A dog and a squirrel.

2. A cat and a mouse.

3. A man and a horse.

4. New York, and Philadelphia.

5. George Washington and Benjamin Franklin.

DIRECTION. — Make up five sentences, each with one subject and two predicates. Let the following be the subjects:

DIRECTION.

1. A steamboat.

2. The Pole star.

3. The letter S.

4. The figure 8.

5. The City of London.

Make up five sentences, each with only one subject and one predicate, but with two objects. Let the following be the objects:

1. Ham and dried beef.