3. He has an easy life [stream, smooth].
4. Ignorance will cease [cloud, roll away].
5. The cannon made a great noise [thunder].

DIRECTION.

Make up a sentence containing a metaphor,

about each of the following subjects:

DIRECTION.

COMPOSITIONS.

Make a composition of not less than fifteen

sentences on each of the following subjects, and in each composition use at least one Metaphor and one Simile:

1. My opposite neighbor.

2. Pussy's counsels to her kittens.

3. What I saw in the mermaids' cavern.

4. A girl's advice to her dolly before sending her to school.

5. The hen's advice to her chickens before going out into the field.

1

CH

CHAPTER III.

METONY MY.

NOTE 1. Here the meaning is that what is contained in the bottle, that is, intoxicating liquor, caused the man's ruin. The container is used for the thing contained. A change like this is called a Metonymy. Metonymy means a change of name. It is calling a thing, not by its own name, but by the name of something else with which it is connected.

NOTE 2. The principal Metonymies are the following: 1. Container for thing contained.

2. Cause for effect: "The letter is written in a beautiful hand;" that is, "handwriting."

3. Effect for cause: "Man shall live by the sweat of his brow;" that is, by the labor which causes sweat.

4. Sign for thing signified: "He assumed the sceptre;" that is, the sovereignty.

EXAMPLE.I have been reading Shakespeare.

Plain. I have been reading Shakespeare's writings.

DIRECTION. Copy the following sentences, marking the metonymy in each, and then writing the sentence over again, changing it to plain language:

1. The kettle boils.

2. The chair decides.

3. He smokes his pipe.

4. The man has a long purse.

5. Napoleon assumed the purple.

6. The pulpit everywhere is the advocate of temperance.

DIRECTION. Change the language of the following sentences so as to introduce a metonymy into each:

1. The men were fighting for their homes and their religion.

2. Literature has a mighty influence in public affairs. 3. Judges and lawyers united in condemnation of the practice.

4. At the present day, the newspaper is a power in the land.

5. Old age

should be treated with reverence.

DIRECTION. - Make up a sentence containing a metonymy, about each of the following subjects:

each of the following subjects:

1. The horrors of war.

2. Reading the newspaper.

3. The advantages of reading poetry.

4. Things to be observed in conversation.

5. Modes of travel in different ages of the world.

CHAPTER IV.

SYNECDOCHE.

EXAMPLE. The superintendent reported that he would need five hands [men] more to get the work done in time.

NOTE. Hand is here used for man, a part for the whole. When a part is thus used for the whole, or the whole for a part, it is called Synecdoche.

DIRECTION.-Copy the following sentences, .marking in each case the word used as a Synecdoche, and inserting after it in brackets the word for which it is used.

1. He abjured all roofs, and dwelt in the forest.

2. The colt will be three years old next grass.

3. The sailor's home is on the wave.

4. From some points on the Hudson fifty sail can be

seen at once.

DIRECTION.

Change the following sentences so as to intro

duce a Synecdoche into each:

1. A ship was seen at a distance.

2. My house shall always shelter you.

3. She was a maiden of sixteen years.

4. There were sixty horsemen attached to the regiment.

5. There were one hundred and twenty cattle in the drove.

DIRECTION.

COMPOSITIONS.

Make up not less than twenty sentences about each of the following subjects, and mark with italics any Similes, Metaphors, Metonymies, or Synecdoches that you may use.

1. The importance of commerce.
2. The importance of agriculture.
3. The pleasures of school life.
4. The vexations of school life.

5. The advantages of an educated person over one not educated.