FM 34-52

b. How many enemy units within each brigade sector have been assigned the same objectives?

c. What measures are the enemy using to conceal the offensive's objectives in each brigade sector?

3. What units have been assigned to conduct the attack?

a. What enemy units are rumored to be preparing for offensive operations within any of the brigade sectors?

b. What special operations elements are attached to enemy units preparing for offensive operations in each brigade sector?

c. What is the nomenclature or operating frequency of any electronic emitters belonging to enemy units preparing to conduct offensive operations in each brigade

sector?

4. What enemy units have been assigned to defensive belts?

a. What specific enemy units are preparing extensive field fortifications in each brigade sector?

b. What special operations elements have been attached to enemy units establishing lines of defense in each brigade sector?

c. What is the nomenclature or operating frequency of electronic emitters belonging to enemy units establishing lines of defense within each brigade sector?

d. What measures are employed to conceal defensive preparations in each brigade sector?

5. What units comprise the reaction force to counter friendly armor or heliborne assaults?

a. What enemy units are rumored to be the reaction force for defensive positions in each brigade sector?

b. What enemy units are located behind, but in proximity to, the defensive positions in each brigade sector?

c. What special operations elements have been attached to the units in enemy reaction force in each brigade sector?

d. What is the nomenclature or operating frequency of electronic emitters belonging to the units which are part of the enemy's reaction force within each brigade sector?

6. What enemy units will take part in a retreat?

a. What enemy units in each brigade sector are rumored to be participating in a retreat?

b. What special operations elements are attached to retreating enemy units in each brigade sector?

c. What enemy units in each brigade sector have been designated as stay-behind elements?

Figure B-2. Sample overall objective statement (IEW tasks) (continued).

d. What efforts have been made to recruit stay-behind agents from the local populace in each brigade sector?

e. What is the nomenclature or operating frequency of electronic emitters belonging to retreating enemy units in each brigade sector?

7. What deception efforts will be made to conceal the retreat?

a. What deception efforts have been ordered in conjunction with the retreat in each brigade sector?

b. What specific enemy units are conducting deception efforts in conjunction with the retreat in each brigade sector?

c. What special operations elements are involved in the deception efforts being conducted in each brigade sector?

d. What deception efforts are being cited in rumors about the retreat in each brigade sector?

e. What enemy units are rumored to be conducting deception efforts in conjunction with the retreat in each brigade sector?

8. What units comprise the enemy's second echelon?

a. What specific units are rumored to be part of the enemy's second echelon in each brigade sector?

b. How many units comprise the enemy's second echelon in each brigade

sector?

c. What type of units comprise the enemy's second echelon in each brigade

sector?

d. What special operations elements are attached to units in the enemy's second echelon?

e. What is the nomenclature and operating frequency of electronic emitters belonging to units in the enemy's second echelon in each brigade sector?

V. BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT.

1. What production loss has the enemy sustained?

a. How long will it take to recuperate?

b. What was the extent of battle damage?

c. What was the attack's total effect?

d. How much warfighting stock was lost?

c. How many personnel were lost?

f. What type, and how many pieces, of warfighting equipment were destroyed or damaged?

Figure B-2. Sample overall objective statement (IEW tasks) (continued).

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How many craters are visible?

h. Where was the detonation point?

i. What contingency plans have been put into effect?

VI. INDICATIONS AND WARNING.

1. How stable is the current government?

a. What anti-allied demonstrations are planned?

b. Who, or what organization, is responsible for the unrest?

c. How well financed is the opposition?

d. What outside help is the opposition receiving?

e. What is the current economic situation?

f. What kind of treatment can foreign citizens expect?

Figure B-2. Sample overall objective statement (IEW tasks) (continued).

APPENDIX C

FM 34-52

S2 TACTICAL QUESTIONING GUIDE AND BATTLEFIELD EXPLOITATION OF CAPTURED ENEMY DOCUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT

History shows that EPWS, CEDs, and CEE are critical sources of combat intelligence. It has also shown the usefulness of information is directly proportionate to how fast a commander can get it.

OPERATIONS URGENT FURY, JUST CAUSE, and DESERT STORM proved that without workable procedures to handle captured persons or items, our combat effectiveness suffers because the evacuation chain jams the forward resupply effort. We also suffer because we have not exploited combat information

sources at a low enough echelon to do that commander any good.

This guide is for battalion and brigade S2s. It explains standard procedures on what to do when the S2

• Receives an enemy soldier.

• Detains a civilian.

• Finds an enemy document.

• Discovers an unusual enemy weapon during tactical operations,

PERSONNEL HANDLING

There are two types of persons captured on the battlefield: combatants and noncombatants. FM 27-10 defines the two types. The capturing unit treats all combatants and noncombatants as EPWS until the division forward collecting point segregates them by category. This is whether they are soldiers, clergy, or medics (see Chapter 3).

Noncombatants are handled, questioned, detained, evacuated, and released in accordance with theater policy.

At the EPW's capture point, the capturing element performs the following steps, with the senior soldier responsible for ensuring they are done. The steps are referred to as the "five S's."

STEP 1. SEARCH

The POC unit's first job is to disarm, then search all EPW or detainees, and tie their hands behind their back. They gather all loose enemy documents and equipment in the area. They evacuate them with the EPW. Documents and personal and protective military equipment stay with the prisoner unless otherwise directed by the battalion $2.

STEP 2. SILENT

The capturing unit instructs or signals EPWs to be silent. If that does not work, the EPW is gagged. Guards give orders to EPWS, but do not talk nor give them comfort items.

STEP 3. SAFEGUARD

The POC unit immediately moves the EPWs out of the fire zone. They protect EPWs from reprisals and give them medical care as necessary. The POC unit tries to preserve the shock of capture until brigade interrogators have a chance to question the EPWS.

STEP 4. SEGREGATE

The POC unit orders the EPWS to sit on the ground. It separates officers from enlisted, senior from junior, male from female, and civilian from soldier. It prepares a captive tag and puts one on each EPW (Figure 3-4). Tagging procedures are discussed under equipment handling procedures below.

STEP 5. SPEED TO THE REAR

Lastly, the POC unit moves EPWs to the unit supply point for evacuation. All captured documents, personal effects, and portable enemy equipment go with the EPW. Also, one escort guard should know the EPW's circumstances of capture.