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There is not a more interesting scene in all the Iliad than the description of Vulcan at work. But if such a distance of time is too remote, there is the forge of Kawah, the blacksmith of Ispahan, he whose apron was for centuries the banner of the Persian empire. The forge of Aurelius also, where he made the sword by which he was while emperor slain.

A scene might open in the barber's shop of Alexandria, in which the boy Ctesibius used to play, and where the first scintillations of his genius broke out; while his subsequent speculations, his private essays and public experiments, some of which were probably exhibited before the reigning Ptolemies, might be brought into view-his pupil, Heron, and other philosophers and literati might also be included in the plot. Of the connection of barbers with important events there is no end-there was the tatling artist of Midas, the spruce hair-dresser of Julian the emperor, the inquisitive one that saved Caesar's life by listening to the conversation of assassins-the history of the silver shaving vessel with which the benevolent father of Marc Anthony relieved the pecuniary distresses of a friend there was the wicked Oliver Dain; and the ancestor of Tunstall, the famous Bishop of Durham, was barber to William the Conqueror: hence the bishop's coat of arms contained three combs.

Who would not go to see a representation of the impostures of the heathen priesthood? Men who in the darkest times applied some of the finest principles of science to the purposes of delusion!

With what emotions should we enter their secret recesses in the temples !-places where their chemical processes were matured, their automaton figures and other mechanical apparatus conceived and fabricated, and where experiments were made before the miracles were consummated in public. But it is impossible to enumerate a tithe of the subjects and incidents for the drama that might be derived from the history of the arts: they are more numerous than the mechanical professions-more diversified than articles of traffic or implements of trades. The plots, too, might be rendered as complicated, and their denouement as agreeable or disagreeable as could be desired and what is better than all, in such plays the moral, intellectual and inventive faculties of an audience would be excited and improved-science would pervade every piece, and her professors would be the principal performers.

:

New-York, December, 1841.

THOS. EWBANK.

CONTENTS.

BOOK I.

PRIMITIVE AND ANCIENT DEVICES FOR RAISING WATER.

CHAPTER 1.

The subject of raising water interesting to philosophers and mechanics-Led to the invention of the steam engine-Connected with the present advanced state of the arts-Origin of the useful arts lost-Their history neglected by the ancients-First inventors the greatest benefactors-Memorials of them perished, while accounts of warriors and their acts pervade and pollute the pages of history-A record of the origin and early progress of the arts more useful and interesting than all the works of his orians extant-The history of a single tool (as that of a hammer) invaluable—In the general wreck of the arts of the ancients, most of their devices for raising water preservedCause of this-Hydraulic machines of very remote origin-Few invented by the Greeks and Romaus-Arrangement and division of the subject

CHAPTER II.

Water-Its importance in the economy of nature-Forms part of all substances-Food of all animals -Great physical changes effected by it-Earliest source of inanimate motive power-Its distribu tion over the earth not uniform-Sufferings of the orientals from want of water-A knowledge of this necessary to understand their writers-Political ingenuity of Mahomet-Water a prominent feature in the paradise of the Asiatics-Camels often slain by travelers, to obtain water from their stomachs-Cost of a draught of such water-Hydraulic machine referred to in Ecclesiastes-The useful arts originated in Asia-Primitive modes of procuring water-Using the hand as a cupTraditions respecting Adam-Scythian tradition-Palladium-Observations on the primitive state of inau, and the origin of the arts

CHAPTER III.

Origin of vessels for containing water-The calabash the first one-It has always been used-Found by Columbus in the cabins of Americans-lubabitants of New Zealand, Java, Sumatra, and of the Pacific Islands employ it-Principal vessel of the Africans-Curious remark of Pliny respecting it -Common among the ancient Mexicans, Romans and Egyptians-Offered by the latter people on their altars-The model after which vessels of capacity were originally formed-Its figure still preserved in several-Ancient American vessels copied from it-Peruvian bottles-GurguletsThe form of the calabash prevailed in the vases and goblets of the ancients-Extract from Persius' satires-Ancient vessels for heating water modeled after it-Pipkin-Saucepan-Anecdote of a Roman dictator-The common cast-iron cauldron of great antiquity: similar in shape to those used in Egypt in the time of Rameses--Often referred to in the Bible and in the Iliad-Grecian, Roman, Celtic, Chinese and Peruvian cauldrons-Expertness of Chinese tinkers-Croesus and the Delphic oracle-Uniformity in the figure of cauldrons-Cause of this-Superiority of their form over straight-sided boilers-Brazen cauldrons highly prized-Water pots of the Hindoos-Women drawing water-Anecdote of Darius and a young female of Sardis-Dexterity of oriental women in balancing water pots-Origin of the canopus-Ingenuity and fraud of an Egyptian priestEcclesiastical deceptious in the middle ages . 14

CHAPTER IV.

On wells-Water one of the first objects of ancient husbandmen-Lot-Wells before the delugeDigging them through rock subsequent to the use of metals-Art of digging them carried to great perfection by the Asiatics-Modern methods of making them in loose soils derived from the EastWells often the nuclei of cities-Private wells common of old-Public wells infested by bandittiWells numerous in Greece-Introduced there by Danaus-Facts connected with them in the mythologic ages-Persian ambassadors to Athens and Lacedemon thrown into wells-Phenician, Carthagenian and Roman wells extant-Cæsar and Pompey's knowledge of making wells enabled them to conquer-City of Pompeii discovered by digging a well-Wells in China, Persia, Palestine, India and Turkey-Cisterns of Solomon-Sufferings of travelers from thirst-Affecting account from Leo Africanus-Mr. Bruce in Abyssinia-Dr. Ryers in Gombroon-Hindoos praying for water-Caravan of 2000 persous and 1800 camels perished in the African desert--Crusaders

CHAPTER V

Subject of Wells continued-Wells worshiped-River Ganges-Sacred well at Benares-Oaths taken at wells-Tradition of the rubbins-Altars erected near them-Invoked-Ceremonies with regard to water in Egypt, Greece, Peru, Mexico, Rome, and Judea-Temples erected over wells--- The B

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