Law of Wills, Executors and Administrators, Հատոր 2

James Schouler

M. Bender, 1923 - 3269 էջ

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WILLS	828

CHAPTER II	834

CHAPTER III	841

SECTION PAGE 746 Persons Who May Oppose Probate	846

Petitioner May Object to Probate of Portion of Will	847

Court Cannot Act of Its Own Motion	848

CHAPTER IV	849

Wills of Real and Personal Property	850

Property Estate	1261

Farm	1262

Home House Homestead etc	1263

Land Tenement Hereditament	1265

Messuage Premises	1266

Real Estate with the Personalty Thereon	1267

Description by Metes and Bounds	1268

Description by Location Possession	1269

Wills Torn or Altered	851

Disposition of Property Necessary	852

Secret Wills Extraneous Documents Referred to	853

Instruments Which Do Not Purport to be Testamentary	855

Agreement of Parties in Interest to Conform Compromise etc	858

CHAPTER V	861

Probate of Will in Common Form English Practice	864

Probate of Will in Common Form the Subject Continued	867

American Statutes as to NonContentious Business	868

Probate of Will in Solemn Form English Practice	869

Probate of Will in Solemn Form American Practice	872

Contest Over Conflicting Testamentary Papers	875

Successive Applications for Probate	876

Revocation of Probate	878

Abatement of Proceedings	880

Proponent Goes Forward and Has Right to Open and Close the Case	883

CHAPTER VI	885

Attestation Attestation Clause	888

Presumption of Execution from Presence of Lawyer	889

Knowledge of Testator	890

Ancillary Probate	891

Alterations	892

Fraud in Probate	893

Revocation of Mutilated Document	894

Revocation of Duplicate Will	895

CHAPTER VII	896

Partial Probate	898

Statute Retroactive	899

CHAPTER VIII	900

Nature and Situs of Property	902

Will Probated in Another Jurisdiction	904

CHAPTER IX	905

Testimony of Attesting Witnesses as to Execution	907

Production of Subscribing Witnesses if Possible	908

English Practice as to Producing the Subscribing Witnesses	909

Declarations of Deceased Witnesses	910

Will or Copy	911

Evidence Contradicting Will	912

Other Documents	913

Revocation Lost Will Declarations of Testator	914

Revival	915

CHAPTER X	916

Revocation	917

Lost Will	918

CHAPTER XI	920

Alterations	923

Probate in Facsimile Copy or by Translation	924

SECTION PAGE 821 Decree of Probate Entered Public Custody of the Will	925

Costs	927

Counsel Fees	928

CHAPTER XII	929

Effect of Probate	930

Probate Relates Back	931

but is commonly applied to any of the incidents of adminis	933

CHAPTER XIII	934

Appellate Jurisdiction	935

Parties in General Executors Widow	936

Heirs	937

Beneficiaries under Will	938

PART VIII	940

Construction Distinguished from Interpretation	942

Law of What Date Governs Construction	945

Construction by Executor or Persons Interested	946

CHAPTER II	947

Operation from Death of Testator	948

Construction from Date of Execution	949

Afteracquired Property	950

Effect of Codicil	952

CHAPTER III	955

xvii	956

Rules of Testamentary Construction are of Limited Scope	957

one who died before its enactment2 but an attempt to prove	958

Rules of Property	960

CHAPTER IV	967

Technical Words Primary and Secondary Meaning	987

Courts Will Change or Mould Language etc so as to Give	993

Mistakes in Writing Grammar Punctuation or Spelling	1000

Whether Heir or Residuary Devisee Favored	1010

CHAPTER VII	1017

SECTION PAGE 890 Presumption against Intestacy Use of General Words	1023

Presumption against Intestacy Remainders	1024

Operative Effect of All Parts of Will	1027

Giving Effect in Part if Not in Full	1029

Construction Favoring Operation	1030

CHAPTER VIII	1031

Repugnant and Conflicting Provisions	1034

Later Clause How Construed with an Earlier One	1035

General Description Whether Limited by Particulars	1039

Partial Invalidity Inseparable Provisions	1041

Construing Wills and Codicils Together	1042

Writings Annexed or Referred to in Will	1045

CHAPTER IX	1047

Parol Evidence May Explain but Not Contradict Will	1049

Extrinsic Evidence to Control Contradict etc Inadmissible	1050

Parol Evidence Inadmissible to Change Rules of Construction etc	1053

Effect of Language in Will Not to be Varied	1054

Charges	1055

References to Extrinsic Matters	1056

Construction Aided or Unaided by Extrinsic Evidence the Latter Here Considered	1057

General Summary Extrinsic Evidence Always Admissible to Aid in Right Interpretation	1059

Sir James Wigrams Proposition Stated	1060

Jurisdiction of Probate and Equity Courts	1061

May Show That Will Applied to Conditions at Execution	1062

CHAPTER X	1063

Latent and Patent Ambiguities in This Connection	1064

Whether Parol Evidence Admissible When is Person Answering Description	1067

Extrinsic Evidence in Aid of an Equivocal Description	1068

The Same Subject	1070

The Same Subject Late English and American Cases Com pared	1072

Conclusion as to Extrinsic Proof of Intent in Case of Doubtful Description	1075

Reference to Context in Equivocal Description	1076

Declarations of Testator Showing Intention Modern American Rule	1078

Blank in a Will Partial Description	1080

CHAPTER XI	1082

Law at Time of Execution	1086

Knowledge and Impulse of Testator Presumed	1087

Misnomer Nickname etc Corrected Subject or Object of Gift Executor etc Identified	1090

Drafting of Will	1093

Former Will	1094

Local Meaning of Words	1096

ing etc	1097

CHAPTER XII	1102

Identification of Beneficiaries in Case of Ambiguity or Equivo cation Recent Cases	1104

CHAPTER XIII	1106

Identifying Homestead etc	1107

To Show Error in Area	1108

CHAPTER XIV	1110

Certainty in Description in General	1112

CHAPTER XV	1125

PAGE	1126

N E 883	1132

Customary Heir Heirs Male of the Body	1136

Legal Heirs Lawful Heirs	1147

1017	1152

Illegitimate Children	1153

SECTION PAGE 1006 Issue as Objects of a Gift	1158

Issue as Meaning Children	1160

Relatives Relations Kindred etc	1162

Collateral Relatives as Objects of a Gift	1164

Cousins	1165

1020	1167

Creation of Class Certainty in Number	1168

Creation of Class Effect of Use of Names	1170

Creation of Class Words of Equality	1171

Date of Distribution as Test	1174

Heirs Next of Kin etc	1178

Survivors etc	1183

Contingent Remainder	1184

Class Closed When First Taker is Entitled to Share	1185

Deceased Persons or Their Heirs	1187

Effect of Statutes Protecting Representatives of Deceased Beneficiaries	1188

CHAPTER XIX	1189

Statutory Rights	1190

Marshalling Assets	1191

CHAPTER XX	1192

Words of Equality	1193

Presumptions of Equality	1194

Real Estate or Personal Property	1195

Children or Other Relatives	1196

Heirs Next of Kin or Representatives	1200

Descendants or Issue	1202

Survivors or Representatives of Deceased Beneficiaries	1204

CHAPTER XXI	1205

Statutes against Lapse Effect of	1208

Death in Common Disaster	1210

CHAPTER XXII	1211

Difficulties of Construction	1212

Whether Definite or Indefinite Failure of Issue is Meant	1213

Statutory Provisions	1215

Implication in Favor of Surviving Issue	1216

Whether Death Before or After Testator	1217

Death of First Taker	1218

Death of Life Tenant	1219

Death of Remainderman	1221

Issue Meaning Children	1222

CHAPTER XXIII	1224

Survivorship in Classes	1227

To Heirs	1228

Survivor Meaning Other etc	1229

Effect on Gift of Other Parts of Will	1230

CHAPTER XXIV	1231

Provisions in Will for Representatives of Deceased Beneficiaries	1232

Husband and Wife as Representatives	1233

CHAPTER XXV	1235

To What Relatives of Deceased Legatee Statute Applicable	1236

Legatees Dying Before Execution of Will	1237

Setoff of Debts Due Testator by Deceased Legatee	1238

CHAPTER XXVI	1239

Informal Expressions	1240

Erroneous Description	1241

A False Description Does Not Vitiate etc	1242

SECTION PAGE 1081 Title to Property as Affecting Construction	1244

Exception from General Devise or Bequest	1245

But Particulars May Qualify a General Description	1249

Repugnant or Conflicting Descriptions	1250

Whether Various Gifts to Same Person in Same Instrument are Cumulative	1251

Whether Gifts to Same Person in Will and Codicil are Cumu lative	1252

Estate Property	1254

Real and Personal Property Passing Together	1255

Share	1256

Reference to Lost Document	1257

CHAPTER XXVII	1258

What Law Governs	1259

Description of Gift Devise Legacy Bequest etc	1260

Description by Character of Land	1270

Portion of Larger Tract Power of Selection	1271

Effect of General Devise on Leaseholds	1272

Effect of General Devise on Reversionary Interests etc	1273

Effect of General Devise on Trust Estates and Mortgages	1274

Effect of General Devise on Appurtenances to Real Estate Easements etc	1275

Appurtenances and Similar Expressions	1276

Rents Profits and Income of Real Estate	1277

Devise of Rents and Profits Use and Occupation Income etc	1278

CHAPTER XXVIII	1280

Effect of Other Parts of Will	1281

Description by Location Contents of Trunk etc	1282

Effects Possessions Things	1283

Furniture Wearing Apparel and Other General Expressions	1285

Mortgages Securities for Money Stocks Insurance etc	1287

Goods Chattels etc	1289

Movables	1290

Business	1291

Money	1292

Bank Deposits	1295

CHAPTER XXIX	1297

Accumulations	1298

Gift of Income as Including Principal	1299

Gift of Principal as Including Income	1300

1150	1302

Realty	1303

Residuary Bequest of Personalty	1304

Words Necessary Informal Words	1305

Certainty in Language	1306

Reference to Other Clauses in Will	1307

Location of Clause 1307 to 1147 Equality of Division	1308

Residue Failing	1309

Property Included	1310

Real and Personal Property Included	1311

Ejusdem Generis	1312

Residuary Bequest or Devise as to Intermediate Income	1313

Income of Residue Bequeathed	1315

Proceeds of Sale of Real Estate Lapse	1317

Effect of Codicil	1319

Devises and Bequests in Execution of Powers under Modern Statutes	1320

CHAPTER XXXI	1323

Statutes	1325

Probate Courts	1326

Equity Jurisdiction	1327

To Determine Legal Titles Law Courts	1328

SECTION PAGE 1168 Claims Which Cannot be Considered	1329

Laches 1380	1330

PART IX	1331

Tenure or Estate Which May be Created	1332

Interests in Personal Property	1333

CHAPTER II	1334

Modern Statute Rule of Construction	1335

Technical Words of Limitation Not Necessary under Modern Rule	1336

Presumptions	1339

Word Heirs	1340

Effects etc Showing Amount of Interest	1341

Have and Hold	1343

Real Estate Included in Same Clause with Personal Property	1344

Remainder or Reversion Residue	1345

Charitable Gifts for Certain Purposes	1346

Effect of Devise Over on Death	1347

Devise of Income	1348

Power of Sale or Disposition	1349

CHAPTER III	1351

SECTION PAGE 1203 Power or Direction	1352

Effect of Absence of Gift Over	1353

CHAPTER IV	1354

Heirs of the Body	1355

The Rule in Archers Case	1356

Rule in Wilds Case Children	1357

Issue	1358

In Personal Property	1360

Estate by Implication from Devise Over	1361

CHAPTER V	1363

The Rule in This Country	1365

Statutory Changes in Rule	1366

Law at Death Governs	1368

Effect of Gift Over on Death without Issue	1370

Rule Not Applied to Personal Property	1371

CHAPTER VI	1373

To A Until Remarriage Separate Clauses of Will	1375

Separate Clauses of Will	1376

Devise without Words of Inheritance	1377

Creation by Implication	1378

Gift of Principal after Gift of Income	1379

Effect of Gift of Remainder	1380

Personal Property	1381

Consumable Articles	1383

CHAPTER VII	1384

Effect of Limited Power of Sale	1387

Power of Use	1388

Power to Appoint by Will 1391	1391

Limitation Over after Absolute Interest is Void 1392	1392

Limitation Over after Life Estate with Power is Valid	1393

Whether Power Given Life Tenant is to Convey a Fee 1394	1394

Rights of Life Tenant in Proceeds of Sale or Reinvestment	1395

CHAPTER VIII	1396

Distinctions Between Vested and Contingent Remainders	1397

Construction in Favor of Vesting	1398

Intention of Testator Controls Rule in Favor of Vesting	1402

Presumption in Favor of Early Vesting 1403	1403

Postponement of Time of Payment or Distribution 1406	1406

Vested Interest in Contingent Remainder 1262 Rule against Perpetuities	1407

Vesting Dependent on Several Contingencies 1410	1410

Words Indicating Time of Vesting	1411

Conditions Precedent or Subsequent	1413

Character of Remainder Subject to Gift Over	1414

Character of Gift Over on Death of Remainderman	1415

Statutes	1416

CHAPTER IX	1417

Direction to Sell Property and Divide Proceeds	1418

Directions to Distribute to Individuals or to a Class	1419

Interposition of Trustee	1421

Power in Trustees	1422

Marriage	1423

Limitation on Death or Marriage	1424

Limitations Dependent on Living at a Certain Time	1426

To Survivors	1427

To Class	1431

To Children of Testator	1436

To Children or Issue of Life Tenant	1438

To Children of Third Party	1439

SECTION PAGE 1292 To Heirs of Deceased Person	1440

Apportionment of Income	1441

Annuities	1442

CHAPTER X	1443

Devesting Vested Estates or Interests	1444

Defeasance Not Favored	1445

Remainder Vested and Subject to be Devested	1446

Contingent Limitation Becoming Vested	1447

Destruction of Contingent Remainder Where It Becomes Impos sible	1448

CHAPTER XI	1449

Modern Rule	1450

Distinction Between Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy	1451

Personal Property	1452

Parents and Children	1453

CHAPTER XII	1455

After What Estates	1457

Contingent	1458

In Personal Property	1459

On Death without Issue Where First Estate Fails	1460

CHAPTER XIII	1461

Whether Condition is Precedent or Subsequent	1463

Conditions Precedent	1464

Conditions Subsequent	1466

Conditions Not Favored	1469

Restraint in Alienation Not Favored	1470

SECTION PAGE 1332 Conditions Repugnant to Absolute Gift	1471

Application and Effect of Conditions	1473

Performance of Conditions Before Death of Testator	1474

Effect of Failure of Conditional Estate on Remainder	1476

CHAPTER XIV	1477

Conditions against Bankruptcy	1478

Restraint on Alienation of an Absolute Estate	1480

Restraint on Alienation of a Life Estate Spendthrift Trusts	1483

Condition as to Residence Assuming Name Maintaining Good Character etc	1487

Condition Not to Dispute the Will	1489

Bond to Abide by Provisions of Will	1500

Limitation etc Distinguished from Condition	1501

CHAPTER XV	1502

Statutes	1503

Conditions Precedent or Subsequent	1504

Partial Restraint on Marriage	1506

Remarriage of Widow or of Another	1508

Conditioned on Separation	1509

Polygamous Marriage	1510

CHAPTER XVI	1511

Gift for Specified Purpose	1512

Gift of Use	1514

Discretion in Trustee	1515

Power of Sale	1516

Creation by Parol	1517

Conditional Trust	1518

Executors Holding in Trust etc	1519

Use of Word Trust or Trustee	1520

Precatory Trusts	1521

Controlling Principles	1523

Expressions of Kindness etc	1524

Desire Request Wishes etc	1528

The Same Subject General Conclusion	1529

Rights and Duties of Testamentary Trustees in General	1530

SECTION PAGE 1376 Active and Passive Trusts	1531

Appointment of Trustee	1532

Trust Will Not Fail for Want of a Trustee	1533

Title of Trustee	1534

Failure of Trusts	1536

Effect of Failure of Trust	1537

Where Cestui Not Named	1538

APPENDIX	1541

A LEADING WILLS ACTS ENGLISH AND AMERICAN PAGE I English Statute 1 Victoria c 26	1543

Massachusetts Wills Act	1551

New York Wills Act	1552

Pennsylvania Wills Act	1554

Virginia Wills Act	1556

Uniform Act Relating to Wills Executed without the State	1557

B FORMS OF WILLS 1 A Solemn Form of Will by a Married Man	1558

A Simple Form of Will	1561

A Will Placing the Residue in Trust	1562

Will of a Single Woman	1564

Codicil to Foregoing Will	1565

a SUGGESTIONS TO PERSONS MAKING THEIR WILL	1566

Relatives by Marriage	1606

DESCRIPTION BY RELATIONSHIP	1639

Հեղինակային իրավունք

Common terms and phrases

87 Misc admissible admitted affirming ambiguity Appeal apply attestation bate Beav beneficiary bequest Cave Hill Cemetery circumstances clause codicil common form Conn construed contest County deceased declarations devise disposition domicile English Ex'r execution executor expression Exrs extrinsic evidence extrinsic proof facie fact favor Fidelity Trust Co gift Hawkins instrument interest interpretation intestacy Iowa issue Jarm Jones jurisdiction La Grange County land language Law Rep legacy legatee letters testamentary Loan & Trust Mass meaning ment N. J. Eq object Ohio St parol evidence parties Patent Ambiguities Penn personal property personalty petition presumed probate court proved provisions real estate resulting trust revocation revoked rules of construction Safe Deposit Smith solemn form statute subscribing witnesses supra tate tator Tenn testamentary testator's testator's death testator's intention tion validity Wigram

Սիրված հատվածներ

Էջ 1545 - ... shall not lapse, but shall take effect as if the death of such person had happened immediately after the death of the testator, unless a contrary intention shall appear by the will.‎

Հանդիպում է 1830-2006-ը 457 գրքում

Էջ 1544 - ... shall be construed to include any real estate, or any real estate to which such description shall extend (as the case may be) which he may have power to appoint in any manner he may think proper, and shall operate as an execution of such power, unless a contrary intention shall appear by the will...‎

Հանդիպում է 1803-2006-ը 291 գրքում

Էջ 1548 - ... signed by the testator, or by some person in his presence, and by his express direction, and attested and subscribed in the presence of the testator by two or more competent witnesses...‎

Հանդիպում է 1811-1995-ը 212 գրքում

Էջ 1556 - Signed, sealed, published and Declared by the said Testator as and for his last Will and Testament in the Presence of us who in his presence and at his request and in the presence of each other have subscribed our names as Witnesses thereto.‎

Հանդիպում է 1795-2008-ը 867 գրքում

Էջ 1544 - ... shall be construed to vest in such trustee the fee simple, or other the whole legal estate which the testator had power to dispose of by will in such real estate, and not an estate determinable when the purposes of the trust shall be satisfied.‎

Հանդիպում է 1837-2006-ը 239 գրքում

Էջ 1554 - The above instrument, consisting of two pages, was, at the date thereof, signed sealed published and declared, by the said Oliver Murray, as and for ^ his last will and testament, in presence of us, who, at his request and in his presence, and in the presence of each other have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto Henry V.‎

Հանդիպում է 1806-2007-ը 1018 գրքում

Էջ 1058 - ... sensible with reference to extrinsic circumstances, it is an inflexible rule of construction that the words of the will shall be interpreted in their strict and primary sense and in no other, although they may be capable of some popular or secondary interpretation, and although the most conclusive evidence of intention to use them in such popular or secondary sense be tendered.‎

Հանդիպում է 1835-2004-ը 71 գրքում

Էջ 1549 - ... no devise in writing of lands, tenements or hereditaments, or any clause thereof, shall be revocable, otherwise than by some other will or codicil in writing, or other writing declaring the same...‎

Հանդիպում է 1804-1996-ը 165 գրքում

Էջ 1553 - I have strength and capacity so to do, do make and publish this my last will and testament hereby revoking, and making null and void all other last wills and testaments by me heretofore made.‎

Հանդիպում է 1835-2006-ը 194 գրքում

Էջ 1558 - Signed sealed published and declared by the said Robert Flint as and for his last will and Testament in the presence of us who at his request and in his presence and in the presence of each other have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto.‎

Հանդիպում է 1690-2007-ը 524 գրքում

Բիբլիոգրաֆիական տվյալներ

Վերնագիր	Law of Wills, Executors and Administrators, Հատոր 2 Law of Wills, Executors and Administrators, Arthur Walker Blakemore
Հեղինակ	James Schouler
Edition	6
Հրատարակիչ	M. Bender, 1923
Length	3269 էջ

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