strive toward raising the average, both of men and women, to the level on which the highest type of family now stands, among American farmers, among American skilled mechanics, among American citizens generally; for in all the world there is no better and healthier home life, no finer factory of individual character, nothing more representative of what is best and most characteristic in American life than that which exists in the higher type of American family; and this higher type of family is to be found everywhere among us, and is the property of no special group of citizens.

The best crop is the crop of children; the best products of the farm are the men and women raised thereon; and the most instructive and practical treatises on farming, necessary though they be, are no more necessary than the books, which teach us our duty to our neighbor, and above all to the neighbor who is of our own household. You young men and women of the agricultural and industrial colleges and schools-and, for that matter, you who go to any college or school-must have some time for light reading; and there is some light reading quite as useful as heavy reading, provided, of course, that you do not read in a spirit of mere vacuity. Aside from the great classics, and thinking only of the many healthy and stimulating books of the day, it is easy to pick out many which can really serve as tracts, because they possess what many avowed tracts and treatises do not, the prime quality of being interesting. You will learn the root principles of self-help and helpfulness toward others from Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch, just as much as from any formal treatise on charity; you will learn as much sound social and industrial doctrine from Octave Thanet's stories of farmers and wageworkers as from avowed sociological and economic studies; and I cordially recommend the first chapter of Aunt Jane of Kentucky for use as a tract in all families where the men folks tend to selfish or thoughtless or overbearing disregard of the rights of their womankind.

Do not misunderstand me. I have not the slightest sympathy with those hysterical and foolish creatures who wish women to attain to easy lives by shirking their duties. I have as hearty a contempt for the woman who shirks her duty of bearing and rearing the children, of doing her full housewife's work, as I have for the man who is an idler, who shirks his duty of earning a living for himself and for his children, or who is selfish or brutal toward his wife and children. I believe in the happiness that comes from the performance of duty, not from the avoidance of duty. But I believe also in trying, each of us, as strength is given us, to bear one another's burdens; and this especially in our own homes. No outside training, no co-operation, no government aid or direction can take the place of a strong and upright character; of goodness of heart combined with clearness of head, and that strength and toughness of fiber necessary to wring success from a rough work-a-day world. Nothing outside of home can take the place of home. The school is an invaluable adjunct to the home, but it is a wretched substitute for it. The family relation is the most fundamental, the most important of all relations. No leader in church or state, in science or art or industry, however great his achievement, takes the place of the mothers, "who are the first of sovereigns and the most divine of priests."

CONFERRING OF DEGREES

Following President Roosevelt's address, Professor Warren Babcock formally announced the completion of their college work by the following persons, ninety-six in number:

Allen, W. B., e
Andrews, Helen, w
Angell, Anna, w

Angell, I. D., e

Ashley, Helen, w
Bailey, Eva, w
Baker, J. L., a
Beckwith, H. R., a
Benham, Rachel, w
Boulard, E. N., a
Brass, L. C., e
Brown, G. A., a

Brown, H. L., a

Burley, G. A., e

Button, J. C., a

Cade, C. M., e

Campbell, B. G., e
Canfield, R. S., e
Carpenter, A. J., e
Clise, B. B., a
Craig, Myrtle, w
DeLange, W. W., e
Delzell, Ruth E., w
Dorland, L. R., f
Doty, S. W., a
Dudley, G. C., e
Ellis, D. H., a
Ellis, George H., e

CLASS OF 1907
Goldsmith, D. R., e

Goldsmith, P. V., a
Gould, F. A., e
Granger, C. M., f

Gregg, O. I., a
Grover, E. L., a
Hart, W. L., a
Hayden, L. N., e
Hayes, G. B., e
Heinrich, G. A., e
Hitchcock, L. B., e
Hitchcock, W. W., e
Hudson, R. S., a
Johnson, M. F., e
Johnson, W. E., e
Kinney, Inez M., w
Kramer, H. T., e
Kratz, O. A., e
Krause, E. J., a
Krentel, Calla, w

Lilly, S. B., e
Liverance, W. B., a
McHatton, T. H., a
McNaughton, C. P., a
Martin, L. Belle, w
Miller, Violet, w

Pennell, R. L., a

Perry, N. C., a
Piper, W. E., e

Pokorny, Ida, Mrs., w
Post, O. C., e
Pratt, A. C., e
Rinkle, L. G., a
Robinson, E. P., a
Roby, Edith, w

Rounds, Florence, w
Rowe, C. L., e
Seiler, R., e

Shuttleworth, P. H., a

Smith, G. W., a

Smith, L. E., e

Stewart, B. C., e
Stone, H. G., a
Taylor, E. H., e

Thatcher, F. E. N., e
Towne, E. A., e
Towner, A. A., a
Van Alstine, E., a
Van Halteran, A. S., e
Verran, G., e

Waite, R. H., a

Warden, W., a

The class, seated immediately below the speaker's platform,

arose, formed in line, and passed across the platform, receiving the diplomas from the hand of President Roosevelt.

Of those graduating, thirty-six completed the work in agriculture, three in forestry, forty-three in engineering, and fourteen in home economics.

After the presentation of diplomas to the graduating class by President Roosevelt, the honory degree of Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) was conferred by President Jonathan Le Moyne Snyder upon each of the following gentlemen:

WILLIAM ARNON HENRY, President of the Agricultural College of Wisconsin. CHARLES FAY WHEELER, of the United States Department of Agriculture. HENRY CLAY WHITE, President of the Agricultural College of Georgia. CHARLES FRANKLIN CURTISS, Dean of the Agricultural Department and Director of the Experiment Station of the State College of Iowa. THOMAS FORSYTH HUNT, Dean of the Agricultural Department and Director of the Experiment Station of Pennsylvania State College. WILLIAM WARNER TRACY, of the United States Department of Agriculture. GIFFORD PINCHOT, Chief Forester of the Department of Agriculture of the United States.

The honorary degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) was conferred upon each of the following gentlemen:

JAMES BURRILL ANGELL, President of the University of Michigan. EUGENE DAVENPORT, Dean of the Agricultural College and Director of the Experiment Station of the University of Illinois. WINTHROP ELLSWORTH STONE, President of the Purdue University. HERBERT WINSLOW COLLINGWOOD, Editor of the "Rural New Yorker." MORTIMER ELWYN COOLEY, of the Engineering Department of the University of Michigan.

WHITMAN HOWARD JORDAN, Director of the Experiment Station at Geneva, N. Y.

ENOCH ALBERT BRYAN, President of the Agricultural College of the State of Washington.

ROLLA CLINTON CARPENTER, of the Engineering Department of Cornell University.

JAMES WILSON, Secretary of the Department of Agriculture.

As each of the gentlemen to receive an honorary degree was announced by Professor Babcock, he was escorted to the front

་

of the platform by Dr. Thomas C. Blaisdell, acting as College Herald, and was presented to President Snyder, who, in conferring the degrees, spoke as follows:

William Arnon Henry:

It falls to the lot of few men to render to the people of their state such valuable service as you have rendered to the citizens of Wisconsin. Starting with very little material equipment, you have, by your untiring energy, built up a great agricultural school and an experiment station of the first rank. As an author and as a contributor to the agricultural press, you have rendered untold service to the stockmen of the world. The oldest agricultural college of this country congratulates you and the people of your state on your great achievements, and, through me, confers upon you the degree of Doctor of Science and presents you with its diploma.

Charles Fay Wheeler:

Your training and skill as a systematic botanist entitles you to special recognition by your Alma Mater. On recommendation of the faculty and by the authority of the State Board of Agriculture, to whom you rendered valuable services for many years as a member of this faculty, I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Science and present you with the diploma of the College.

Henry Clay White:

You have, as an investigator and administrator, rendered great service, both to agricultural science and to agricultural education. The land-grant colleges owe you a debt of gratitude for your zeal and successful efforts in their behalf before the national Congress. The state in which you hold a responsible position as the president of its agricultural college, and in which you wield a wide influence, has surpassed all other states in the establishment of agricultural secondary schools. As a scientist and as a man of great ability in public affairs, this College confers upon you the degree of Doctor of Science, and presents you with its diploma.

Charles Franklin Curtiss:

This College confers upon you the degree of Doctor of Science in recognition, not only of your ability as a scientist and administrator, as is evidenced in the rapid development of the Agricultural Department and Experiment Station over which you preside, but also in recognition of the great service which you have rendered to the interests of live-stock husbandry in the Middle West. I also present you with its diploma.