24 The Conjugation of a Passive Verb need not be given in full, because it is formed by merely adding the PERFECT PARTICIPLE of a transitive verb to the various tenses of the verb TO BE; thus I shall be loved, &c. I shall have been loved, If I were loved, &c. If I had been loved, &c. Imperative Mood. Be thou loved, &c. Infinitive Mood. PRES.-To be loved. PERF. To have been loved Participles. Formation of Tenses. 25 It will be observed that there is very little inflection in English Verbs, but that auxiliary verbs are used abundantly, and that the three plural persons are always alike. 26 The Perfect Tenses, i.e., the Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect, are made by adding the PAST PARTICIPLE of the principal verb to the present, imperfect, and future of the verb TO HAVE. TO BE is used instead of TO HAVE to form the perfect tenses of INTRANSITIVE VERBS OF MOTION. 27 The Future is formed by adding the INFINITIVE to the verbs SHALL or WILL. 28 The first form of the Perfect tense, i.e., the Perfect without have, is made by inflection, as is also the Perfect Participle. When these two parts of the verb are formed by adding D or ED to the present, the verb is called WEAK; when they are formed in some other way the verb is called STRONG. 29 It should be carefully noted that all the auxiliary verbs except TO BE* and TO HAVE* take after them the infinitive. TO HAVE takes after it the PERFECT PARTICIPLE, and TO BE takes after it either the PRESENT or PERFECT PARTICIPLE. With the present participle it forms the progressive form of an ACTIVE tense, with the perfect participle of a TRANSITIVE verb it forms the PASSIVE VOICE; with the perfect participle of INTRANSITIVE verbs of motion, it forms the perfect tense of these verbs. * In such expressions as I AM TO GO, I HAVE TO GO, where TO BE and TO HAVE imply duty, necessity, or obligation, they are followed by the infinitive. 30 The Subjunctive Mood is very little used in English. Except in two tenses of the verb TO BE we have really no separate form for it, but use instead the form of the Indicative, without varying the endings for the different persons. 31 The Auxiliaries MAY, MIGHT, WOULD, and SHOULD, with the Infinitive, are often regarded as forming subjunctive tenses, because we use them when in other languages the subjunctive would be used. Thus-Present Subjunctive. I MAY LOVE, &c. Past Subjunctive. I MIGHT, WOULD, OR SHOULD LOVE, &c. 32 The auxiliaries CAN and COULD, with the Infinitive, are sometimes spoken of as the POTENTIAL MOOD. D Thus-Potential Mood. Present-I CAN LOVE, &c. Past-I COULD LOVE, &c. CHAPTER VII. Adverbs. 1 An Adverb is a word added to verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, to qualify them. 2 Many adverbs admit of comparison like adjectives, as QUICKLY, more QUICKLY, MOST QUICKLY. 3 Adverbs may be divided into eight classes, viz., I. Adverbs of Time, as THEN, NOW, II. Adverbs of Place, as THERE, THITHER, &c. III. Adverbs of Quality, as QUICKLY, This is by far the largest class of ad- IV. Adverbs of Quantity, as MUCH, V. Adverbs of Number, as ONCE, TWICE, |