This is a pretty bad show for the State clip, but speaks proportionably better for the products of other States. The western crops have greatly increased, and even Wisconsin has begun to add important items to the trade. In 1840, she exported 10,562 lbs., and in 1847, 141,592. The receipts via Whitehall are mostly Vermont wool. The importations of foreign have, however, been much less under the tariff of 1846. The quantity imported for several years has been as indicated in the following table. The tariff of 1842 raised the rate of duty on coarse wools, that is, wool valued under 8 cents per lb., from free to 5 per cent ad valorem, and the finest wools, that compete with American growth, were imported in a dirty condition and much undervalued, in order to save the duty. Thus, in 1842, coarse wool was free; in 1845, it paid 5 per cent; and in 1847, 30 per cent. The quantity imported from each destination at these rates was as follows. We have given the year 1847 in two parts, because the first six months was under the tariff of 1842, and the second six months under the present tariff.

It is observable that the importation in 1845, with the tariff of 1842, was more than double that of 1842, and nearly three times as much as that of 1847. In the above table of the receipts at tide-water, it is seen that the quantity fell off in 1846, because of the low prices, occasioned by the large importation of 1845. The prices have been at different periods as follows:

The low point in wool was August, 1845, since when prices have been well advanced, and the large receipts at tide-water last year were supported in prices by the absence of im. ports. It will be seen that the change in the tariff made but little difference, and the reason is, that the inordinately high freights all over the world caused by the demands of England for food, prevented the movement of other bulky articles. In the present year, the price of wool flattens by reason of the large supply of cheap cloths from England and Germany.

PRODUCE RECEIVED AT NEW ORLEANS FROM THE INTERIOR. The following comparison of the value of the principal products of the interior, received at the port of New Orleans from 31st August to 1st September, 1845, 1846, and 1847, is compiled from a series of tables which the editors of the New Orleans Price Current have yearly prepared for their "Annual Statement." It will be found to exhibit some interesting facts in regard to the commerce of New Orleans with the south and west.

TRADE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM WITH THE UNITED STATES. It appears from Wilmer and Smith's (Liverpool) Times, that some interesting particulars have been given in a British Parliamentary paper, printed on the 14th of June, 1848, respecting the trade of the United Kingdom with the United States. By the account it is shown, for thirty-two years, (1815 to 1846, inclusive,) the official value of imports from the United States, and the official value of our exports. The declared value of the exports are given, and they considerably exceed the official value. For the last twenty years the imports and exports were (official value) as follow:

The aggregate value of the imports from, and exports to the United States in the year 1847, cannot at present be exhibited, a sufficient interval of time not having yet elapsed since the close of the year to admit of the final adjustment of the registers which show the trade with individual countries.

COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS.

IMPORTATION OF DRUGS AND MEDICINES.

We give below an official copy of an Act passed at the last session of Congress, and approved by the President of the United States June 25, 1848, designed, as we infer from its title, "to prevent the importation of adulterated and spurious drugs and medicines." It will, perhaps, be recollected that we published, in the Merchants' Magazine for April, 1848, (Vol. XVIII, page 442,) a statement made by the Trustees of the New York College of Pharmacy in relation to the adulteration of drugs and medicines by the foreign manufacturer. We confess we have but little faith either in the principle or policy of legislating men into honesty; for, if the law of Reason, Conscience, God, will not restrain them from cheating and fraud, it can scarcely be hoped that human legislation will do it; and unless the importers and dealers in drugs and medicines in this country possess a higher standard of mercantile morality, the purchaser and consumer will gain but little by the enactment of such laws-indeed, it will only be transferring the abominable practice to the vender on this side of the Atlantic. But we publish the Act of Congress on this subject as a commercial regulation of the United States, for the especial benefit of importers:

AN ACT TO PREVENT THE IMPORTATION OF ADULTERATED AND SPURIOUS DRUGS AND MEDICINES.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the passage of this act all drugs, medicines, medicinal preparations, including medicinal essential oils, and chemical preparations used wholly or in part as medicine, imported into the United States from abroad, shall, before passing the custom-house, be examined and appraised, as well in reference to their quality, purity, and fitness for medical purposes, as to their value and identity specified in the invoice.

SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That all medicinal preparations, whether chemical or otherwise, usually imported with the name of the manufacturer, shall have the true name of the manufacturer and the place where they are prepared permanently and legibly affixed to each parcel, by stamp, label, or otherwise; and all medicinal preparations imported without such names affixed as aforesaid, shall be adjudged to be forfeited.

SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That if, on examination, any drugs, medicines, medicinal preparations, whether chemical or otherwise, including medicinal essential oils, are found, in the opinion of the examiner, to be so far adulterated, or in any manner deterio rated, as to render them inferior in strength and purity to the standard established by the United States, Edinburgh, London, French and German pharmacopoeias and dispensatories, and thereby improper, unsafe, or dangerous to be used for medicinal purposes, a teturn to that effect shall be made upon the invoice, and the articles so noted shall not pass the custom-house, unless, on a re-examination of a strictly analytical character, called for by the owner or consignees, the return of the examiner shall be found erroneous; and it shall be declared, as the result of such analysis, that the said articles may properly, safely, and without danger be used for medicinal purposes.

SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the owner or consignee shall at all times, when dissatisfied with the examiner's return, have the privilege of calling, at his own expense, for a re-examination: and, on depositing with the collector such sum as the latter may deem sufficient to defray such expense, it shall be the duty of that officer to procure some competent analytical chemist, possessing the confidence of the medical profession, as well as of the colleges of medicine and pharmacy, if any such institutions exist in the State in which the collection district is situated, a careful analysis of the articles inc uded in said return, and a report upon the same under oath; and in case the report, which shall be

final, shall declare the return of the examiner to be erroneous, and the said articles to be of the requisite strength and purity, according to the standards referred to in the next preceding sections of this act, the entire invoice shall be passed without reservation, on payment of the customary duties; but, in case the examiner's return shall be sustained by the analysis and report, the said articles shall remain in charge of the collector, and the owner or consignee, on payment of the charges of storage and other expenses necessarily incurred by the United States, and on giving a bond, with sureties satisfactory to the collector, to land said articles out of the limits of the United States, shall have the privilege of re-exporting them at any time within the period of six months after the report of the analysis; but, if the said articles shall not be seat out of the United States within the time specified, it shall be the duty of the collector, at the expiration of said time, to cause the same to be destroyed, holding the owner or consignee responsible to the United States for the payment of all charges, in the same manner as if said articles had been re-exported. SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That, in order to carry into effect the provisions of this act, the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and required to appoint suitably qualified persons as special examiners of drugs, medicines, cheinicals, &c., namely: one examiner in each of the ports of New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charles. ton, and New Orleans, with the following salaries, viz: At New York, sixteen hundred dollars per annum; and at each of the other ports above named, one thousand dollars per annum; which said salaries shall be paid each year, quarterly, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated; and it shall be the duty of the said Secretary to give such instructions to the collectors of the customs in the other collection districts as he may deem necessary to prevent the importation of adulterated and spurious drugs and medicines. SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the special examiners to be appointed under this act shall, before entering on the discharge of their duties, take and subscribe the oath or affirmation required by the ninth section of the act of the thirtieth of July, eighteen hundred and forty-six, entitled "An act reducing the duty on imports, and for other purposes."

SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That the special examiners authorized to be appointed by the fifth section of this act shall, if suitably qualified persons can be found, be taken from the officers now employed in the respective collection districts; and if new appointments shall be necessary for want of such persons, then, as soon as it can be done consistently with the efficiency of the service, the officers in said districts shall be reduced, so that the present number of said officers shall not be permanently increased by reason of such new appointment.

The following circular, from the Secretary of the Treasury, is published in connection with the act relating to the importation of adulterated drugs and medicines into the United States, as explanatory of that law :—

TREASURY DEPARTMENT, July 8, 1848.

The attention of collectors and other officers of the customs is especially called to the provisions of the annexed act of Congress, entitled "An Act to prevent the importation of adulterated and spurious drugs and medicines," approved 26th June, 1848.

Upon entry of any "medicinal preparations, whether chemical or otherwise, usually imported with the name of the manufacturer, and the place where prepared, permanently and legibly affixed to each parcel," careful inspection and examination must be made by the United States appraisers to see that the true name of the manufacturer, and also the place where said articles were prepared, are “legibly affixed to each parcel by stamp, label, or otherwise," as required by the second section of the act. In default of these requisites the collector will immediately report the case with all the facts to the United States District Attorney, in order that he may institute the necessary legal proceedings to obtain a decree of condemnation and forfeiture of the articles in pursuance of the act. When a decree of condemnation and forfeiture, for the causes before stated, takes place, an immediate examination of the articles, in the manner indicated in the third section of the act, must be had to ascertain whether all or any of the articles contained in the importation possess the standard of strength and purity therein required. If any articles do not agree with these standards they cannot be sold, like other forfeited goods, as it would defeat the object of the law thus to throw upon the community adulterated and spurious drugs and medicines. Such portion of the importation as may prove to possess the proper standard of strength and purity may be immediately sold, and the proceeds accounted for as in ordinary cases of forfeiture. But the adulterated and spurious articles contained in the importation must be destroyed in the manner hereinafter mentioned.

It will be observed, on reference to the third section of the act, that all imported "drugs, medicines and medicinal preparations, &c.," are to be tested, in reference to strength and

purity, by the standards established by the "United States, Edinburgh, London, French, and German pharmacopoeias and dispensatories." It is not conceived to be the intention of the law that the articles referred to should conform in strength and purity to each and all of those standards, as such conformity is believed to be impracticable, owing to the variations in those standards. If, therefore, the articles in question be manufactured, produced, or prepared in England, Scotland, France, or Germany, as the case may be, and prove to conform, in strength and purity, to the pharmacopoeia and dispensatory of the country of their origin, said articles become exempt from the penalties of the law. All articles of the kind mentioned, produced, manufactured or prepared in any other country than those before mentioned, must conform in the qualities stated in the United States pharmacopoeia dispensatory.

In case of appeal from the report of the special examiner, as provided for in the fourth section of the act, the collector will exercise proper judgment and discretion in the selection of an analytical chemist possessing the qualifications and standing required by the act to make the prescribed analysis, previously taking from the owner or consignee a sufficient deposit of money to defray the expenses of the analysis, and, when completed, returning to the owner or consignee any excess of money thus deposited.

Upon application to export any adulterated and spurious articles in pursuance of the fourth section, proper bond and security must be taken for the exportation and production of proof of landing abroad, as in the case of exportation of goods for benefit of drawback, or from public warehouse.

It will be perceived that the fifth section provides for the appointment, at certain designated principal ports, of special examiners of "drugs, medicines, chemicals, &c.," and makes it the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury "to give such instructions to the collectors of the customs in the other collection districts as he may deem necessary to prevent the importation of adulterated and spurious drugs and medicines."

When, therefore, importations of drugs, medicines, chemicals, &c., take place at any port of entry other than those enumerated in the fifth section of the act, the collector of the port will appoint, in pursuance of the provisions of the sixteenth section of the act of 1st March, 1823, to be compensated at a per diem rate of five dollars when employed, some respectable person deemed by the collector to possess suitable knowledge and quali fications to make examination, and report on the value and quality of the articles according to the standards prescribed by the act. In case of dissatisfaction, and appeal taken by the owner or consignee from said examiner's report, the same course in respect to analysis and the expenses and proceedings connected therewith as required at the principal ports, will be pursued. In case a suitably qualified person to act as special examiner cannot be found at the port, or convenient thereto; or, when analysis is called for, a properly qualified analytical chemist cannot be conveniently obtained at said port, the collector will immediately so advise the department, in order that a special examiner or ana lytical chemist, according to the circumstances, may be detailed from one of the principal ports to make the examination or analysis at the port of arrival.

The reports of the special examiners, as also the analysis of the analytical chemists, must be made in writing and signed by them respectively and filed in the custom-house. Whenever any articles are to be destroyed, as required by the fourth section of the act, they must be conveyed to some suitable place, and proper means, to be prescribed by the special examiner or analyst, be used for their safe and effectual destruction, and executed in the presence of an officer of the customs detailed by the collector for the purpose. Before destruction of the articles, a particular description or statement of the same must be prepared, containing the name of the importer or owner, the date of importation, the name of the vessel, and the place from whence imported, with the character and quantity of the articles and the invoice value. The fact of their having been destroyed must be certified on said statement by the officer detailed for the purpose. These statements must be filed in the custom-house, and returns prepared therefrom must be rendered quarterly to the department. R. J. WALKER, Secretary of the Treasury.

EASTERN BOUNDARY OF TEXAS EXTENDED.

By an Act of Congress, approved by the President of the United States July 5th, 1848, the Legislature of the State of Texas "may extend her Eastern boundary so as to include within her limits one-half of Sabine Pass, one-half of Sabine Lake, also one-half of the Sabine River, from its mouth as far North as the thirty-second degree of North latitude.”