appropriation of grants made to him, 25.
his dislike of large councils, 29.
Parliamentary oath required in his
reign, 61, 96.

duration of his first Parliament, 70.
constituencies added by him, 124, 325.
his presence in Parliament, 294, 295.
Charter:

The Great 15, 45, 234, 324.
of corporate towns, 103-104.
of pardon, 311.

franchise conferred by, 106, 124.
Chiltern Hundreds :

acceptance of, vacates a seat, 76, 91.
form of appointment to, 92.

Civil List:

begins after Revolution, 28.
Clergy:

how represented in the Council, 21.

Clergy:

effect of Reformation on their influence
in the state, 22.

not summoned as an estate to Magnumi
Concilium of John, 45.

how summoned to model Parliament, 47 .
why they ceased to attend summons, 47,
48.

omitted from 15 Ed. II, as necessary
parties to legislation, 47.

cannot sit in the House of Commons, 78.
nor Roman Catholic clergy, 78.
relinquishment of orders by, 79.
initiated legislation by petition, 238-239.
Clerk of the Commons:

discharges duties of the chair during
election of Speaker, 59, 64.

his duties generally, 145.

Clerk of the Crown in Chancery:
writs of summons to Parliament issued
from his office, 51, 55.

supplies Clerk of Commons with list of
elected members, 60.

receives notice of election of Represen-

tative Peers of Scotland, 56, 60, 216.
receives Speaker's warrant to issue new
writs, 67, 162.

Clerk of the Crown and Hanaper in
Ireland:

his duties in election of representative
peers, 217-218.

Clerk of the Parliaments:

his duties at the opening of a Parliament,
60, and otherwise, 226, 302.

his title, 145.

receives list of elected Scotch peers, 60,

Commission:

opening of Parliament by, 59, 63.
reading of Queen's speech by, 62.
confirmation of Mr. Speaker elect by,
65.

for proroguing Parliament, 69.
for dissolving Parliament, 70.

to appoint Deputy Speakers of House of
Lords, 226.

Commission:

to assent to Bills, 298-299.
of inquiry, 367.

Commissions:

in army and navy, do not disqualify for
House of Commons, 80.

Commitment:

for contempt, by House of Commons, 143,
146.

extent of punishment, 171-173.

mode of exercise, 146, 173, 173-174.
source of right, 173-174.

grounds of, need not appear in warrant,
182.

by House of Lords, 228-229.
Committee:

of House of Commons-

of privilege and elections, 164.
decisions on disputed returns, 106,
165.

under Grenville Act, 165, 363.

of Supply and Ways and Means, 144.
public bills originating in, 256-257.
-passing through, 255.

standing committees, 257.

of supply, 270-272.

of ways and means, 272, 273.

of standing orders, 279.

of public petitions, 364.

select committees of inquiry, 365.

of House of Lords-Chairman of, 279.
of privileges, 214.

Commons, House of:

its relations with the executive under the
Plantagenets, 19.

the Stuarts, 24.

in the modern constitution, 27-31, 49,
366-367, 368-371.

represents an estate of the realm, 46.
how summoned as such, 47-49.
rights of, in legislation, 235-237.

-in taxation, 50, 234, 266, and see
Money Bills, Supply, Ways and
Means.

procedure of, 244, et sq., and see

Bill, Legislation, Procedure.

writs for election to, 55, 57.
Speaker of, how chosen, 59, 64, 65.
oath or affirmation of members, 61, 66-
67, 87-89.

disqualifications for membership, 76-97.
seat in, cannot be resigned, 90-91.
mode of election to, 97; and see Election.
privileges of, 141; and see Privilege.
jurisdiction claimed by, 349.
impeachment by, 353.

disagreement with Lords, how settled,
258-265.

Common Law:

argument from in case of impositions, 320.
in case of ship-money, 327.

-is alterable by ordinary process of
legislation, 36, 347.

Constitutional Law:

topics of, 10-12.
Contempt:

commitment for by Commons, 142, 143.
nature of offence, 183.
Contract:

Feudalism based on, 20.

with government, disqualifies for House
of Commons, 83, 338-339.

a mode of influencing members, 339.
Convention Parliament, 27.
how summoned, 71-72.

Conventions of Constitution, 71-74,
263, 370, 372.

Conviction. See Felony, Treason.
Convocation:

clergy used to tax themselves there, 47.
differs from the estate of the Clergy, 56.
Conway, General:

deprived of his commission for opposing
ministry, 154.

Copyhold:

a qualification for county franchise, 102.
present extent of qualification, 113.
Cornwall:

representation of, 106, 322.
Corporation:

officers of, and the franchise, 103-107.
Corrupt Practices:

disqualify for House of Commons, 85.
for exercise of franchise, 120.
before 1832, 107, 342, 343.
Council, Privy:

the king in Council the executive, 20.
how far a check on the king, 21.
its composition under the Tudors, 22.
order in Council for issue of writs, 52.
legislation by Crown in Council, 237.
Count out, 251.

rights of, 112.

County Court:

its connection with representative in-
stitutions, 46, 49.

Parliamentary elections held there, 58,
98, 99.

both for counties and boroughs, 99.
County Franchise:

original qualifications for, 101.

how dealt with by Reform Act, 102.

by Representation of the People Act
of 1867, 102.

by Act of 1884, 112-118.

in Scotland before 1884, 110.
in Ireland before 1884, 111.
Crown:

how controlled in action, 18-19.
in legislation, 19-20.

how far checked by Council, 21.
its strength under Tudors, 21-22.
claims of under Stuarts, 23, 25.
mediaeval and modern royalty, 27.

its loss of influence under Cabinet Govern-
ment, 29, 30-31.

prerogatives of in respect of Parliament:

in summons, 51, 59, 63, 287-288.
in opening business, 62, 73, 294.
in proroguing, 68-69.

in dissolving, 70-72, 290-293.

in legislation, 237, 298-301, 395.
in taxation, 319,

in communication with, 296, 297.
in creation of peers, 197, 203.
in summons of peers, 203, 210.
in disputed claims of peerage, 214.
in appointment to bishoprics, 218-219.
in demand of supply, 268-269.

Crown Office:

writs issued thence, 51, 53, 98.

returns kept there while Parliament
lasts, 60-61.

returns made there, 98, 133.

Curia Regis:

its judicial powers, 356.

Curtesy:

Felony :

conviction of, a disqualification for seat
in Commons, 83; in Lords, 212; for
franchise, 120.

not protected by privilege of Parliament,
148.
Feudalism:

its conception of royalty, 20.
Fine:

for breach of privilege, 172.
Fine:

cannot be suffered of a peerage, 194.
First reading:

of a public bill in the Commons, 254.
in the Lords, 257.

of a private bill, 279.

Fitzharris:

case of, 354.

Fox, C. J.:

returned to Commons' House during
minority, 76.

Franchise:

meaning of term, 97.

Parliamentary franchise before 1832 in
counties, 101, 102; in boroughs, 102-
108; in Scotland, 110; in Ireland,
III; changes previous to 1884 in
counties, 102; in boroughs, 107-110;
in Scotland, 110; in Ireland, III.
present qualifications: property, 112,
113; occupation, 113-115; inhabitant
householder, 108, 114-115, 117; lodger,
109, 115, 117.

ancient franchises reserved, 116.
disqualification for exercise of, 118-121.
present uniformity of, its effect, 125-126.
right of, ascertainable by courts of law,
176.

affected by resolutions of House of Com-

mons, 106.

Freedom from arrest, 148-151.
Freedom of Speech:
privilege of,

when first demanded, 147.
history of, 151-155.

consequent right of Commons to exclude
strangers, 155; and to forbid publica-
tion of debates, 157-161.

how affected by law of defamation,159,160.
Freehold:

a qualification for county franchise, 101,

Henry IV:

his judgment in Haxey's case, 151-
152.

his indemnity of Lords and Commons,
266, 294.

private bill legislation dates from his
reign, 277.

forbids appeals in Parliament, 351, 356.
Henry VI:

mode of framing laws in his reign, 20,
34, 241.

limitation of county franchise, IoI.
charters of incorporation of towns, 105.
Henry VIII:

his use of Parliamentary forms, 22, 306.
his additions to representation, 124,
322.

privileges of Commons first formally
claimed in his reign, 147.

his alleged entrance into House of Com-
mons, 295.

not protected by privilege of Parliament,
149.
Indulgence:
declaration of, 317.
Infancy :

a disqualification for the Commons, 76.
for exercise of franchise, 118.

for sitting in House of Lords, 211-212.
Inhabitant occupier:

nature of qualification, 108, 109.
distinct from occupier, 112.
character of residence required, 115.
Insanity see Lunatic.
Instructions:

to Committee of House, 255-
Ireland:

Act of Union with, 31, 38, 53, 54, 123,
197, 217.

Peer of: see Peerage.

Parliamentary franchise in, III, 112-
113, 116.

distribution of seats in, 125, 126.
Irish Church:

disestablishment of, 262.