tanical specimens, etc. Leaves from these portfolios are shown on wall space so as to illustrate the nature of the covered exhibit. Books of sketches and drawings, photographs of blackboard work, a picture of the building, and views of its interior are presented. The distinctive feature of the display is the work in sewing. A portfolio of pieces shows the different steps in teaching sewing. Two cases are filled with handsewing, embroidery, and similar evidences of woman's handiwork, all attractive in appearance and creditably executed.

Colleges and universities.-Colleges and universities occupy a space adjacent to normal schools, and have a varied but not large display. Photographs of buildings, plans of grounds, and the literature of the institutions make up a large part of the collection. Conspicuous among the objects are models of engineering construction (bridge, wharf, tunnel, etc.), from the University of Pennsylvania. The museum of the Bureau of Education is represented by a series of miniature ploughs showing the improvements made in this instrument, which might justly be termed an index of agricultural progress; and also by a set of models for use in teaching decriptive geometry. Surveying instruments and cabinets of minerals add to the completeness of the college exhibit.

Gymnasium.-Physical culture, instruction in art, and the use of the library, accompany, or should accompany, every grade of instruction. They are therefore grouped in the space beyond the college exhibit, which represents the culmination of public and general education. The collection of gymnastic apparatus is chosen so as to represent such physical training as will make of students, not acrobats or athletes, but healthy men and women. Much of the apparatus is of recent design and prepared after a long experience with gymnasiums and college students. Weight, height, strength of hands, and strength of lungs, are noted, and such measurements may be made as will indicate the strong and weak points of each individual.

Art instruction.-The art display is peculiarly industrial, and is from the public schools of Chicago, the Philadelphia School of Design for Women, and the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art. The Chicago exhibit includes specimens from all the grades of instruction usual in public schools; that of the Philadelphia School of Design for Women has a preponderance of designs for wall papers, cloths, and carpets, and includes specimens of carpets in which the design is wrought out; and that of the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art is accompanied by ornamental work in plaster. These institutions are not neglectful of fine art, although their purpose is to prepare their students for earning their livelihood in the industries; and many pieces exhibited are the product of high artistic skill, and merit notice and close examination as such.

Library. The library section contains material customarily found in an educational library and reading room-educational reports, higher text-books, pedagogical literature, educational periodicals, and the like. The reports of the Bureau of Education and the publications of Hon. Henry Barnard are conspicuous by their number. The most numerous collection of literary publications, including an elegant edition of Longfellow's works, is from Houghton, Mifflin & Co. A set of the registers, records, cases for card catalogues, and other appliances, useful in conducting a library, is worthy of the inspection of all connected with library management or desiring information on the subject. Physical and chemical laboratory.-A combined laboratory for physics and chemistry was contemplated in the first plans for an exhibit by the Bureau. A gentleman who had given much study to the most convenient arrangement of a school-room for laboratory work commenced the plan for this section, but died before its completion. This and the limitations of space caused a modification of the plan. The present arrangement is suggestive, and the equipment of the laboratories excellent. Many experiments can be shown by the gentleman in charge, and electrical phenomena are given prominence. The solar microscope shows in a most interesting manner the same things that can be seen by an ordinary microscope; and the curiosities of polarized light are shown to visitors. A fine exhibit of optical goods from Bausch, Lomb & Co. is included in the laboratory space; and E. B. Benjamin, of New York, James W. Queen & Co., of Philadelphia, and E. S. Ritchie & Sons, of Boston, are large contributors to the display.

Medical and nurse-training schools. Medical education is represented by anatomical models, obstetrical instruments, chemical apparatus, and professional literature. The photographs of many faculties of medicine are collected. An interesting portion of this display is that furnished by nurse-training schools. Their exhibits are photographs of hospitals, hospital wards, interiors and exteriors of homes for nurses, and the nurses themselves. The strength of mind and body of nurses, made obvious by their photographs, indicates partially the severe course of training and experience which sifts out weak material from the sisterhood of trained nurses and insures the quality of those who are allowed to graduate at these schools.

Schools for the blind.-The collective exhibit of schools for the blind is the first of a series of displays of the education of the defective and delinquent classes. The books used by them and printed in raised letters of several varieties; the blocks and other ap

pliances used in mathematical study, the fabrics knit by their sensitive hands, and the forms of industry they are able to pursue are here represented as far as possible. Comparatively little is present to show the musical opportunities and capacities of the blind, except some compositions from a blind boy of Mississippi. Among the institutions largely represented are those of New York, Ohio, and Louisiana.

Schools for the deaf and dumb.-The education of the deaf and dumb is well illustrated by the objects collected from their schools, and by specimens of their handiwork after leaving school. The largest exhibits are from the Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, New York City; the Illinois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Jacksonville, and the Mississippi Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Jackson. The first-named institution prepared its display at home and sent a gentleman of rare artistic ability to place it. The products of the art and industrial departments are displayed to the best advantage, the paintings, metal work, tiles, and art needle-work being made to contribute to the appearance of the ruder constructions of the shop. The Illinois institution has a varied exhibit, including bound volumes of examination papers, sketches and portraits in pencil and crayon, shoes, and the like. Many institutions and individuals are represented by the works of art and mechanism displayed. The collection owes its extent and quality largely to Prof. J. R. Dobyns, superintendent of the Mississippi institution.

Reform schools.- Reformatory education is shown by various exhibits, chiefly from industrial departments. Clothing from the Colorado State Industrial School, sewing from the Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls, wood-work from the Minnesota Reform School, and brushes from the Newark City Home are prominent exhibits. The photographs from the Connecticut State Reform School give indications of the enlightened methods of dealing with young offenders, by giving them homes instead of congregating them in prison-like buildings.

Schools for the feeble-minded.-Two institutions for the instruction of the feeble-minded, those in Kentucky and Minnesota, present exhibits of the work of this class of youth. The work is not shown because of its superiority, but because it proves that much may be accomplished in the way of preparing those low in intelligence to become useful men and women.

Publications.― Report of the Commissioner of Education, with circulars and documents accompanying the same, 1868. Special Report of the Commissioner of Education on the condition and improvement of public schools in the District of Columbia, 1868.1

Annual reports of the Commissioner of Education for the years 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882-'83.

Contributions to the annals of medical progress and medical education in the United States before and during the war of Independence, by Joseph M[eredith] Toner, M. D., 1874. Public libraries in the United States of America; their history, condition, and management, special report, 1876. Contributions to the history of medical education and medical institutions in the United States of America, 1776-1876, special report, by N. S. Davis, A. M., M. D., 1877. Industrial education in the United States, special report, 1883.

Circular of Information of the Bureau of Education for August, 1870. Contents: Illiteracy of 1860; educational statistics; Virchow on school-room diseases; education of French and Prussian conscripts; school organization, &c.

Circular of Information of the Bureau of Education for July, 1871. Contents: Public instruction in Sweden and Norway; the folkehoiskoler of Denmark. Same for November, 1871: Methods of school discipline. Same for December, 1871: Compulsory education. Same for January, 1872: German and other foreign universities. Same for February, 1872: Public instruction in Greece, the Argentine Republic, Chili, and Ecuador; statistics respecting Japan and Portugal; technical education in Italy. Same for March, 1872: Vital statistics of college graduates; distribution of college students in 1870-'71; vital statistics in the United States, with diagrams, &c. Same for April, 1872: Relation of education to labor. Same for June, 1872: Education in the British West Indies. Same for July, 1872: The kindergarten. Same for November, 1872: American education at the Vienna Exposition of 1873.

Contents:

Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1873. No. 1. Historical summary and reports on the systems of public instruction in Spain, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Portugal. No. 2. Schools in British India. No. 3. Account of college commencements for the summer of 1873, in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. No. 4. Lists of publications by members of certain college faculties and learned societies in the United States, 1867–1872. No. 5. Account of college commencements during 1873 in the Western and Southern States.

Valuable reports on Technical Education and Education in Europe were also prepared, but were not ordered to be printed.

Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1874. Contents: No. 1. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, January, 1874. No. 2. Drawing in public schools. The present relation of art to education in the United States. No. 3. History of secondary instruction in Germany.

Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1875. Contents: No. 1. Proceedings of the National Educational Association, 1875. No. 2. Education in Japan. No. 3. Public instruction in Belgium, Russia, Turkey, Servia, and Egypt. No. 4. Waste of labor in the work of education. No. 5. Educational exhibit at the Centennial in 1876. No. 6. Reformatory, charitable, and industrial schools in the United States. No. 7. Constitutional provisions in regard to education in the several States. No. 8. Schedule of students' work for the Centennial Exhibition, 1876.

Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1877. Contents: No. 1. Education in China. No. 2. Public instruction in Finland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Würtemberg, and Portugal; the University of Leipzig.

Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1878.

Contents: No.

1. The training of teachers in Germany. No. 2. Elementary education in London. Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1879. Contents: No. 1. Training-schools for nurses. No. 2. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association in 1877 and 1879, and of the conference of State college presidents held in Ohio in 1877. No. 3. Value of common-school education to common labor. No. 4. Training-schools of cookery. No. 5. American education as described by the French Commission to the International Exhibition of 1876.

Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1880. Contents: No. 1. College libraries as aids to instruction. No. 2. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association in 1880. No. 3. Legal rights of children. No. 4. Rural school architecture. No. 5. English rural schools. No. 6. Teaching of chemistry and physics in the United States. No. 7. The spelling reform. Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1881. Contents: No. 1. Construction of library buildings. No. 2. Relation of education to industry and technical training in American schools. No. 3. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association in 1881. No. 4. Education in France. No. 5. Causes of deafness among school children and the instruction of children with impaired hearing. No. 6. Effects of student life on the eyesight. Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1882. Contents: No. 1. Inception, organization, and management of training-schools for nurses. No. 2. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association for 1882. No. 3. The University of Bonn. No. 4. Industrial art in schools. Maternal schools in France. No. 6. Technical instruction in France. Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1883.

No. 5.

Contents: No.

1. Legal provisions respecting the examination and licensing of teachers. No. 2. Coeducation of the sexes in the public schools of the United States. No. 3. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association at its meeting at Washington, February 20-22. No. 4. Recent school-law decisions.

Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1884. Contents: No. 1. Meeting of the International Prison Congress at Rome, in October, 1884. No. 2. The teaching, practice, and literature of shorthand, by Julius Ensign Rockwell, stenographer. No 3. Illiteracy in the United States in 1870 and 1880, with diagrams and observations, by Charles Warren, M. D., with an appendix on national aid to education, by J. L. M. Curry, L. L. D., general agent of the Peabody Education Fund. No. 4. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association at its meeting at Washington, February 12-14, 1884. No. 5. Suggestions respecting the educational exhibit at the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition. No. 6. Rural schools: progress in the past; means of improvement in the future. No. 7. Aims and methods of the teaching of physics, by Prof. Charles K. Wead, A. M., of the University of Michigan.

Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education for the year 1885. Contents: No. 1. City school systems in the United States, by John D. Philbrick, LL. D.

Bulletins: A manual of the common native trees of the Northern United States, 1877. The Brussels congress, 1880. The Indian school at Carlisle Barracks, 1880. Industrial education in Europe, 1880. Vacation colonies for sickly school children, 1880. Progress of western education in China and Siam, 1880. Medical colleges in the United States, 1880. Educational tours in France, 1880. Comparative statistics of elementary education in fifty principal countries, 1881. Fifty years of freedom in Belgium, education in Malta, &c., 1881. Library aids, 1881. Recognized medical colleges in the United States, 1881. The discipline of the school, 1881. Education and crime, 1881. Instruction in morals and civil government, 1882. Comparative statistics of elementary, secondary, and superior

education in sixty principal countries, 1882. National Pedagogic Congress of Spain, 1882. Natural science in secondary schools, 1882. High schools for girls in Sweden, 1882. Planting trees in school grounds, 1883. Comparative statistics of elementary, secondary, and superior education in sixty principal countries, sheet. The Bufalini prize, 1883. Education in Italy and Greece, 1883. Statistics regarding national aid to education, 1884. Preliminary circular respecting the exhibition of education at the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 1884. Building for the children in the South. Report of the director of the American school of classical studies at Athens, for the year 1882-'83. Planting trees in school grounds and the celebration of Arbor Day. Miscellaneous: Free-school policy in connection with leading Western railways, 1872. A statement of the theory of education in the United States of America, as approved by many leading educators, 1874. The National Bureau of Education; its history, work, and limitations, 1875. Educational conventions and anniversaries during the summer of 1876. The International Conference on Education, held in Philadelphia July 17 and 18, in connection with the international exhibition of 1876. Sketch of the Philadelphia Normal School for Girls, 1883. A historical sketch of the State Normal School at Albany, N. Y.; and a history of its graduates for forty years, 1884. Answers to inquiries about the U. S. Bureau of Education; its work and history, 1883.

Building occupied by the Bureau.- Plan of basement, showing laboratory, document rooms, &c. Plan of first floor, showing document and mail-room, room for revising and proof-reading, and rooms for tabulation of statistics, accessions to museum, and art education. Plan of second floor, showing rooms of commissioner, chief clerk, correspondence and files, special research, copyists, and abstracts. Plan of third floor, library. Plan of fourth floor, museum. Photographs of exterior of building, rooms of commissioner, chief clerk, statistics, files and correspondence, and rooms in basement, library, and

museum.

Plans.-Eighteen plans showing statistical summary of institutions, instructors, and students. Fifteen plans showing the location of the institutions reporting to the Bureau of Education, except "city schools," "institutions for secondary instruction," "industrial schools." One plan: Statistics of United States public schools, showing school population, enrollment, average daily attendance, and proportion of male to female teachers. One plan showing ratio of students to teachers in the various schools, except "industrial schools." Five plans showing illiteracy: (1) Total illiteracy of persons ten years old and upwards; (2) illiteracy of white persons ten years old and upwards; (3) illiteracy of colored persons ten years old and upwards; (4) illiteracy of white adults; (5) illiteracy of colored adults.

Charts.- Charts showing illiteracy, patents, and postal receipts for 1880: (1) Number of illiterate adults per 100,000 of adult population; (2) the number of patents per 100,000 of adult population; and (3) the number of dollars deficit or excess per 100,000 of adult population in the United States postal service. Chart showing the distribution of the Peabody fund.

Models. Models illustrating progress in school architecture: Log house, country schoolhouse, village school-house, Dennison School, Washington, D. C., with floor plans and transverse section.

40

SHY

OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.

HIRAM PRICE, SUCCEEDED BY J. D. C. ATKINS, COMMISSIONER.

INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AT CARLISLE, PA.

EXHIBIT A.

Case 1.-Specimens of darning and patching by Indian girls from 9 to 13 years of age. Case 2.- A child's dress made by Nelly Aspenall, a Pawnee girl, aged 17 years. Case 3.-Specimens of pottery painting by Carlisle students, original designs. Case 4.-Specimens of joiner work by Amos Lone Hill, a Sioux, aged 20 years. Case 5.-Girl's uniform dress worn by the Carlisle students, made by Louise Cornelius, Oneida, aged 16 years.

Case 6.- Boy's uniform suit worn by Carlisle students, cut and made by Webster, Osage, aged 18 years, under instruction two and one-half years, working half day of each.

Case 7.-Child's dress made by Rosa White Thunder, a Sioux girl, aged 17 years, under instruction one year.

Case 8.-Small uniform suit cut and made by Abe Sommers, a Cheyenne, aged 18, under instruction two years, working half days.

Case 9.-A pair of breast chains made by Frank Conroy, a Sioux, aged 19 years, worked at his trade half-time for one year.

Case 10.- Specimens of welding and forging by Edgar Fire Thunder, a Sioux, aged 18, three years under instruction, working half-time.

Case 11.- Contains pair of boots made by Van Horn, a Cheyenne, aged 20 years, wholly instructed at Carlisle, and now employed as shoemaker at the Government Indian School, Lawrence, Kansas. Pairs of girls' shoes by Luke Phillips, Nez Percé, and Frank Engler, Cheyenne.

Case 12.- Pillow sham made by Nancy McIntosh, a Creek Indian girl, aged 17 years. Case 13.-Skirt made by Ida White Face, Apache, aged 17 years, at school ten months. Case 14.- Boys' shirts made by Emma. Hand, Sioux, and Sarah Sitting Bull, Arapaho girl.

EXHIBIT B.

No. 1.-A set of English coach harness, made by Kias, a Cheyenne, aged 20, under instruction at Carlisle 4 years.

No. 2.-Heavy wagon harness, regular government pattern, 200 double sets made for Indian Department yearly.

No. 3.-Articles of tinware, made by Carlisle students, consisting of coffee boilers, buckets, pans, cups, etc. The school makes tinware for about sixty Indian agencies. No. 4.-Specimens of boys' and girls' shoes made and worn by Carlisle students. The school makes all the girls' shoes and a large part of the boys' shoes and boots, and repairs 150 pairs per month.

No. 5.-Specimens of Indian art in leather, by the harness-makers' apprentices in their odd moments.

No. 6.-A carriage axle welded at one heat by Edgar Fire Thunder, Sioux, mounted by William Ayawat, Comanche.

No. 7.-A panel door and table top by John Dixon, a Pueblo, aged 18.

No. 8. A footstool, made by John Menaul and Henry Kendall, Pueblo boys of 16 years.