grammar and arithmetic from the seventh grade. Manuscript work in history from the eighth grade. Manuscript work in algebra, history, geometry, analysis, and physical geography from the high school. Map drawing from the primary grades.

West Liberty public schools.-Manuscript work in grammar, arithmetic, composition, and physiology. Dissected maps illustrating anatomy. Map drawing.

Witter, F. M.—A collection of the land and fresh-water mollusks of Iowa.

The following Iowa authors contributed to the State's exhibit: Jerome Allen, T. H. Benton, C. E. Bessey, Finley Burke, W. E. Crosby, A. N. Currier, W. R. Fisher, W. N. Friesner, C. H. Gurney, J. B. Harris, J. D. Hornby, W. N. Hull, J. H. Jackson, O. J. Laylander, J. Macy, G. F. Magoun, Marvin and Morrisey, T. H. McBride, Emlin McClain, W. McClain, J. L. McCriary, J. N. Ross, Wm. Salter, A. J. Stevens, P. W. Sudlow, B. F. Tillinghast, G. Wedgewood, C. A. White, D. S. Wright.

LOUISIANA.

STATE EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT (INCLUDING NEW ORLEANS).

Alexandria.-13 writing books, 3 sets of composition, 1 set each of grammar, arithmetic, history, and geography, 1 portfolio of maps.

Clinton Academy, East Feliciana Parish.-Nine pencil drawings, 3 water colors, clay models, specimens of composition.

Mansfield Female College, De Soto Parish.-67 writing books, 7 drawing books, portfolio of work in drawing and music, volume of pencil drawings, 13 pencil drawings, 9 oilpaintings, 4 paintings on porcelain, 4 packages of examination papers in grammar, 2 packages of examination papers in Latin, 1 package each in algebra, spelling, trigonometry, geometry, and physiology.

Monroe.-Portfolio of pencil drawing and map drawing, 2 portfolios of pencil drawing and arithmetic, 2 volumes examination papers in algebra, 3 volumes examination papers in penmanship, 2 volumes examination papers in algebra.

New Iberia (parish).—Portfolio of sewing-work and embroidery.

New Orleans.-The Boys' High School exhibited 10 framed astronomical drawings, 3 framed philosophical drawings, 6 framed balance sheets, 2 framed specimens of shorthand, 2 framed specimens of ornamental penmanship, 3 framed maps, framed letter to students in shorthand, 1 bound volume each examination papers in Latin, mental philosophy, geometry, penmanship.

The Girls' High School furnished 6 framed botanical drawings, 3 astronomical drawings, 13 framed charcoal drawings, 2 pencil-drawings, 1 set geometrical drawings, 22 mounted botanical specimens, 2 bound volumes examination papers in botany, 1 each in arithmetic, astronomy, physics, and composition.

The grammar school exhibit consisted of 3 framed water-color paintings; 55 framed maps; 26 maps, not framed; 9 framed samples of ink drawing; 5 framed specimens of penmanship; 3 framed copies of teachers' certificates and diplomas; framed written statement of Louisiana industries; 3 framed mottoes; framed photograph of school building and scholars; framed drawing of "Castle Brun"; 72 sets of examination papers in arithmetic; 32 sets examination papers in grammar; 58 sets examination papers in penmanship; 31 sets examination papers in composition; 33 portfolios of maps; 6 volumes examination papers in composition, arithmethic, and penmanship; specimen of work in etymology; 668 writing books; 100 specimens of slate work; Hill's Map of History.

Chestnut Primary School exhibited 24 specimens kindergarten work; 13 specimens of designs; 13 specimens of white ink drawing; 12 specimens of map drawings.

A bound volume containing plan of McDonogh Schools, Nos. 1 to 20, was also exhibited.

Opelousas.-Two volumes of penmanship composition.

St. Charles (parish).-Specimens of penmanship and composition.

St. James (parish).—Specimens of penmanship composition.

Shreveport.-Portfolio miscellaneous school work.

Southern Art Union, New Orleans.-Seven crayon drawings; 13 studies in oil.

Southern University.-Three framed maps; 16 samples of slate work in penmanship and arithmetic; volume of maps; bound volume examination papers in preparatory department; bound volume examination papers in high school department.

State Superintendent's Office, Hon. Warren Easton, superintendent.-Two copies of report for 1882-'83, of State superintendent; bound volume of school laws,

MICHIGAN.

The educational exhibit from Michigan consisted principally of work from all grades of the Grand Rapids public schools, charts representing the studies pursued in the State University, photographs of charitable and reformatory institutions, and a forestry collection from the State Agricultural College.

MINNESOTA.

His Excellency LUCIUS F. HUBBARD,

President of Board of Collective Exhibits for State of Minnesota.

Hon. OLIVER GIBBS, jr.,

U. S. Commissioner for Minnesota.

Hon. D. L. KIEHLE,

Superintendent of Minnesota Educational Exhibit.

Supt. WM. F. PHELPS,

Pres. IRWIN SHEPARD,

Prof. WM. W. PAYNE,

Committee of Installation.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE MINNESOTA EXHIBIT.

ST. PAUL, MINN., March 1, 1885. SIR: I have the honor herewith to submit a report of the material constituting the Educational Exhibit of Minnesota at New Orleans, La., together with a brief sketch of the organization of our school system.

I desire to recognize the cordial spirit in which the educators of the State have responded to our call and have co-operated in presenting a comprehensive display of the work of the State in all grades from the kindergarten to the university.

The State is under special obligations to the Committee of Installation, who have spared neither time nor labor in aiding to perfect plans for the display of our exhibit and in completing its careful installation.

BRIEF SKETCH OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM OF MINNESOTA.

I. NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ENDOWMENT.

On the 19th of February, 1851, it was enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in Congress assembled, "That the governors and legislative assemblies of the Territories of Oregon and Minnesota be, and they are hereby, authorized to make such laws and needful regulations as they shall deem most expedient to protect from injury and waste, sections 16 and 36 in said Territories, reserved in each township for the support of schools therein."

And it was further enacted, "That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to set apart and reserve from sale out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Minnesota to which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise appropriated, a quantity of land not exceeding two entire townships, for the use and support of the University of said Territory, and for no other purpose whatever, to be located by legal subdivisions of not less than one entire section." When Minnesota was by her population entitled to admission into the Union, Congress in an act of February 26, 1857, authorizing her to form a State government, made the following provision;

"That sections numbered 16 and 36 in every township of public lands in said State shall be granted to said State for the use of schools."

"That 72 sections of land shall be set apart and reserved for the use and support of the State University, to be selected by the governor of said State, subject to the approval of the General Land Office, and be appropriated and applied in such manner as the legislature of said State may prescribe, for the purpose aforesaid, but for no other purpose."

But still further and still better: on the 2d of July, 1862, Congress passed an act "donating lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts."

This act is limited to States not in rebellion, and donates 30,000 acres for each Senator or Representative in Congress to which the States are entitled by the apportionment of the census of 1860. Section 4 of this act provides that all moneys derived from the sales of these lands, directly or indirectly, shall be invested in stocks yielding not less than 5 per cent. upon the par value of such stocks. That the money so invested shall constitute a perpetual fund, the capital of which shall remain forever undiminished, and the interest thereof shall be inviolably appropriated by each State which may claim the benefit of the act, to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanical arts, in such manner as the legislature of the State may respectively determine, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life."

The act is further detailed, both as to the time of building and the use of the fund, and when States neglect to comply with the provisions, the amount received by them shall be paid back to the United States. The recipients shall make an annual report as to the progress and experiments made, with their costs and results, and all necessary and useful statistics connected with the institutions, and transmit one copy free to all other colleges under the act, and one to the Secretary of the Interior.

Under this act Minnesota was entitled to select 150,000 acres of land to aid in teaching the branches named in said act, in the State University, making the endowment fund of the Government of the United States to the State of Minnesota for educational purposes as follows:

1. For common schools, in acres. 2. The University of Minnesota..

Total

3, 000, 000 208, 360

3,208, 360

Of the "Agricultural College" grant, amounting to 208,360 acres, 94,439 acres have been selected, and 72,700 acres under the two university grants, making 167,147 acres realized for university purposes out of the entire grant.

The permanent school fund derived from the national domain by the State of Minnesota, at a reasonable estimate, can not vary materially from the following:

1. Common schools, in acres, 3,000,000; value-----

2. University grants, in all, in acres, 223,000; value.--.

$18, 000, 000

1,115, 000

Out of these government appropriations of 3,223,000 acres may be realized an annual revenue for schools and university:

1. For common schools..--. 2. For university instruction

II. PROVISION MADE BY THE STATE.

-$1, 000, 000 60, 000

The State constitution confirms in all respects the requirements of the Congressional grant. It reaffirms the importance of a provision for popular education; it provides for the sale of school lands, the safe investment of the income, the distribution of interest received from the school fund, and requires the legislature to provide by taxation or otherwise a sufficient amount to " secure a thorough and efficient system of public schools in each township in the State."

The organization of the university was confirmed by the State constitution, and the Congressional land grants were severally passed to that corporation. The system of common schools was formally articulated with the university by statute, approved in 1881, appropriating $20,000 for the encouragement of higher education in high schools. This statute appoints a State high school board consisting of the governor of the State, the superintendent of public instruction, and the president of the university, which has supervision of all high schools operating under this law. Each school fulfilling the conditions of the law receives $400 annually to be used for the support and improvement of the high school.

PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTES.

Three normal schools have been established, viz: at Winona, 1857; at Mankato, 1865, and at Saint Cloud, 1869.

The following summary presents in more orderly manner the organization and support of our system of public instruction:

THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION.

The system of education which is now supported by the State is comprehended in the following:

(1) The schools.

(2) The supervision of instruction.

(3) The supply and improvement of instruction.

(4). The financial support of education.

The leading features and facts of the system according to the above arrangement are as follows:

I. THE SCHOOLS.

(1) Common schools.-Organized and numbered as subdivisions of the county by the county

commissioners.

Courses of study include common English branches.

Terms of schools not less than four months each year.

Teachers must be qualified by holding a certificate of the first, second or third grade, issued by county superintendents upon personal examination.

Free to all residents of the district between the ages of five and twenty-one years. Officers: director, treasurer, and clerk. Term of service three years.

Present number, 4,802.

(2) Independent and special districts.-Organized under general statute as independent, or under special act as special; generally adopted by cities and towns.

Courses of study, as directed by board of education.

Teachers to be qualified by certificate of examining board.

Free to all residents of the district between the ages of five and twenty-one years.
Officers, board of education, consisting of five members: term, three years.
Present number, 100.

(3) State high schools.-Organized as a department of the schools of the independent and special district.

Course of study, three years, prescribed by the State high school board; prepares for the State University. Final examinations are taken upon the completion of subjects on questions prepared by the State board. Certificate of passing in any subject is accepted in lieu of an entrance examination in that subject at the State University, and to the professional course of the State normal schools.

Teachers must hold the certificate of State high school board.

Reports of condition to be made to the board each term.

Present number, 56.

(4) State University.—Organization, by special charter, 1868.

Officers: Board of regents, consisting of the governor, ex officio, and superintendent of public instruction, ex officio, and president of the university, ex officio, and seven persons appointed by the governor; term, three years.

Departments:

Collegiate Department.

College of Science, Literature, and the Arts.

College of Mechanic Arts.
College of Agriculture.
College of Medicine.1

Geological Survey.

Tuition free in all departments; first two literary, others professional and technical. Course of study in literary departments, classical, scientific, and modern.

II. SUPERVISION OF INSTRUCTION.

(1) Superintendent of Public Instruction.-Appointed by the governor, confirmed by the senate; term, two years.

Duties: general supervision (vide boards of control of the several departments and institutions); reports to legislature biennially. Salary, $2,500 per annum.

(2) County superintendents of schools. -Elected by the people; term, two years. Duties: examination of teachers, visitation of schools, providing for institutes and teachers' meetings; reporting annually to superintendent of public instruction. Minimum salary, $10 for each organized district.

Present number, 75.

(3) Superintendents and examiners of independent and special districts.—Appointed; term and salary determined by the board of education.

Duties: examination of teachers and general supervision.

(4) State high school board.—Organized by statute.

Officers: the governor, president;

the superintendent of public instruction, secretary; and the president of the State University, examiner.

Duties: to accept high schools to supervision, to visit and inspect, to prepare questions for, and to conduct final examinations, to examine teachers of State high schools, to appropriate $400 to schools complying with law.

Annual appropriation, $23,000.

1 The faculty of this is for examination. No instruction offered.

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