the educational exhibit from the general State exhibit, for which they had been collected.

The population of cities and towns is according to census of 1880.

CITY EXHIBITS.

Bellevue (population 1,432).-Volume of penmanship containing specimens from all grades of schools, high, grammar, and primary. Papers in German and geometry. Belpre (population 901).-Examination papers: 1 volume from high school, containing papers in geometry; 1 geological chart, by Will H. Patton, of the high school; 1 photograph of school building.

Bluffton (population 1,290).- Papers (unbound) representing the work of the several grades of the high school and the grammar and primary schools; 1 photograph of the school building; 1 photograph of the interior of a school room with pupils seated therein. Chillicothe (population 10,938).—Examination papers: 2 volumes from the high school, containing papers in Latin, general history, rhetoric, English composition, English literature, physical geography, physiology, chemistry, physics, algebra, geometry, and astronomy; 1 volume of penmanship, containing specimens from the fourth grade up through the high school grades; 5 volumes of grammar-school work, containing papers in grammar, geography, United States history, language, and arithmetic; 1 volume German, reaching from fourth to twelfth year, inclusive; 1 volume of memory maps, from pupils of the fifth, sixth, and seventh grades, drawn in the presence of the teacher. In al, 10 volumes of manuscript.

Ten copies of the Annual Report of the Board of Education.

Cincinnati (population 255,130).—1. Examination papers: 1 volume from the normal school, containing papers on methods of teaching number, reading, and penmanship; methods of giving lessons on familiar things, memory gems, and elocution; essays on the science and art of education and on school management, and essays on the principles of psychology applied to education.

Two volumes from Woodward High School, containing papers in Latin, Greek, French, German, English composition, English literature, general history, chemistry, physics, zoology, geology, algebra, geometry, astronomy and book-keeping. Two volumes from Hughes High School, containing papers in Latin, Greek, French, German, English composition, English literature, general history, chemistry. physics, zoology, algebra, astronomy, and book-keeping. One volume from colored high school and intermediate grades. High school papers on subjects same as those of Woodward and Hughes High Schools. Three volumes from first intermediate school; 1 volume from second intermediate school; 2 volumes from third intermediate school; 2 volumes from fourth intermediate school. These volumes contain papers in spelling, composition, grammar, geography, German, and penmanship.

One volume from first district;2 1 volume from second district; 1 volume from third district; 1 volume from fourth district; 1 volume from fifth district; 1 volume from sixth district; one volume from seventh district; 2 volumes from eighth district; 1 volume from ninth district; 1 volume from tenth district; 2 volumes from eleventh district; 1 volume from twelfth district; 1 volume from thirteenth district; 1 volume from fourteenth district; 1 volume from fifteenth district; 1 volume from sixteenth district; 1 volume from seventeenth district; 2 volumes from eighteenth district; 1 volume from nineteenth district; 1 volume from twentieth district; 4 volumes from twenty-first district; 1 volume from twenty-second district: 1 volume from twenty-third district, 2 volumes from twenty-fourth district; 2 volumes from twenty-fifth district; 1 volume from twenty-sixth district; 1 volume from twenty-seventh district; 1 volume from twenty-eighth district; 1 volume from colored school district; 1 volume from Mornington School. These volumes contain papers in spelling, language, geography, grammar, arithmetic, penmanship, and German.

One volume of compositions from third to eighth grade. inclusive; 1 volume of literary gems from same grades; 1 volume of slate work from fourteenth district.

From all the schools, 53 volumes

2. Drawings (in eight large portfolios): 1 portfolio from normal school and Woodward High School, containing 101 drawings. Of these the normal school contributed 1 drawing of human head; 4 drawings (colored) of foliage; 23 ornamental designs; 5 ornamental (colored) designs; 2 maps; 2 drawings (color d) of animals; 1 painting of anımal; total, 38. The contribution of the Woodward High School consisted of 9 drawings of the human head; 4 drawings of animals; 7 mechanical drawings; 5 drawings from the solid; 23 ornamental designs; 12 ornamental designs in color; total 63.

1The intermediate schools embrace pupils of the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades.
*The district schools embrace pupils of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth grades.

Three portfolios from sixth, seventh, and eighth grades (intermediate schools) contained 428 drawings. The first portfolio contained 152 ornamental designs and 29 geometrical drawings; the second portfolio, 103 foliage and ornamental designs and 3 from the round; the third portfolio, 127 ornamental designs, 11 geometrical drawings, 1 drawing from the solid, and 2 designs in color. One portfolio, from fifth grade, containing 444 ornamental designs from the flat (copies enlarged), and original designs formed from a single given element. The 342 drawings from the fourth grade were copies from the flat (many of the copies enlarged) and original designs formed from a single element. The third grade drawings, 321 in number, were copies from the flat (some of them enlarged). The second-grade drawings were of two kinds-memory drawings (one whole class), of which there were 27, and 341 copies from the flat; in all, 368. The first-grade drawings consisted of 45 drawings on paper (one whole class).

Total number of drawings from district schools, 1,520; from the intermediate schools, 428; from the normal and high schools, 101; total from all the schools, 2,049.

3. Miscellaneous: Four dozen slates from the district schools, illustrative of the order followed in placing arithmetical and other work on slates in the several grades of those schools. Nearly a complete set of the Cincinnati school reports. Two dozen copies of the school report for 1884. Photographs of the following school buildings (nine in number): Woodward and Hughes High Schools, first intermediate, third district, seventh district, fourteenth district, eighteenth district, twenty-second district, twenty-eighth district. One interior view of the public library. One chart of the public-school buildings, with the number of rooms in each.

Through the exertions of Dr. John B. Peaslee, city superintendent of schools, volumes and pamphlets by Cincinnati authors have been collected and placed in the exhibit, as follows: Bound volumes, 218; pamphlets, 44.

Circleville (population 6,046).-Examination papers: One volume from the high school and eighth grade; high-school papers in Latin, rhetoric, English composition, physical geography, physics, chemistry, civil government, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and astronomy; 1 volume from fifth, sixth, and seventh grades; 1 volume from third and fourth grades, colored school; 1 volume from second, third, fourth, and fifth grades. The volumes from the primary and grammar grades contain papers in spelling, definition of words, grammar, composition, geography, United States history, and arithmetic. One volume of penmanship from fourth to twelfth grades, inclusive. Total, 5 volumes. Three photographs of school buildings-Colored school, Everts School, and high school. Cleveland (population 160,146.)—One set of school reports; *6 photographs of school buildings-Central High School, West High School, Saint Clair, Walton, Dunham, and Fowler; *1 photograph of Adelbert College.

Columbus (population 51,665).-1. Examination papers: 3 volumes from high school, containing essays and orations given at commencement, and papers in English grammar, rhetoric, general history, Latin grammar, chemistry, physics, algebra, and geometry; 10 volumes from fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth grades, containing papers in spelling, language, grammar, United States history, geography, physical geography, elementary physics, and German (translation of German into English and English into German); 4 photographs of school buildings-High School, Sullivant, Garfield, and Mound Street; 8 photographs of interiors of building-2 rooms with their pupils. All these photographs in one large frame. 8 volumes of bound school reports.

2. Drawing: The following admirable logical catalogue of the drawings from the Columbus schools was prepared by Professor W. S. Goodnough, superintendent of that branch of instruction, and is given in his own words:

Drawings. These drawings, 389 in number, are arranged in three horizontal rows, the upper consisting of work in construction, or the kind of drawing necessary for the construction of objects. In the middle row is representation, or drawing from objects, showing them as they appear. The lower row shows decoration, or original designs. A printed notice hung with the work explains the nature of the exhibit and the conditions under which it was arranged. From it we learn that everything exhibited is regular class work, none having been done with reference to exhibition. We also learn that drawing, as taught in the Columbus schools and as represented in this exhibit, is arranged under three general heads, each including several subjects, as follows:

Construction.-1, Geometric terms; 2, Plans and elevations of simple objects; 3, Geometrical problems worked with instruments; 4, Working drawings of objects to scale, showing plans, elevations, sections, details; 5, Architectural drawing; 6, Machine drawing.

Representation.-1, Geometrical lines and forms; 2, Drawings from simple flat objects, or showing but one face of slide; 3, Single objects drawn from solids in outline; 4, Groups of objects in outline; 5, Foliage from nature and plaster casts in outline; 6, Instrumental perspective; 7, Light and shade from models and casts; 8, Color. Flowers from copy and from nature.

Decoration.-1, Variation of simple forms; 2, Repetition, horizontally or vertically, forming borders: 3, Repetition for surface decoration; 4. Conventionalization of natural forms for designs; 5, Designs in geometric forms, conventionalized foliage used; 6, Applied design in pencil for various manufactured articles; 7, Botanical analysis for design in color; 8, Applied design in color for printed or woven fabrics, wood, stone, metal, pottery, etc.

These three divisions commence in an elementary manner in the lowest grade, and are carried along in three parallel lines through ali grades, with a greater degree of development in each. Drawings are exhibited in all the various subjects mentioned above. No work, however, is shown from the lowest, or D primary, grade, as the pupils of that grade work entirely on slates, and it was not deemed expedient to show their work.

On the south side of the north wall of the Ohio exhibit, high-school work will be found. · On the north side of the next wall south, primary grade work is shown, and consists entirely of pages cut from the drawing-books in use during the year, mounted on cardboard. Two hundred and fifty-eight pupils are represented. The first vertical row is from C primary, or second year, and shows three sheets containing twenty-four drawings. The second vertical row is from B primary, or third year, and shows twentyfour drawings. The third row is from A primary, or fourth year, and shows the same amount of work.

Though all the work is arranged in three horizontal rows-construction, representation, decoration - the distinction between the three lines of study becomes more apparent in this grade (A primary) and those above, where it becomes further developed than in the primary grades.

The fourth and fifth rows show work from the D grammar, or 5th year, and consists of 42 drawings.

The next two rows are from the C grammar, or 6th year, 36 drawings.

The eighth, ninth, and tenth rows show 44 drawings from the B grammar, or 7th

year.

The last three rows are from the A grammar, or 8th year, and represent 54 pupils. The constructive drawing shown, except geometrical problems, is from objects. The representation is principally from objects, and always so where shown on a blank page. The decoration is all original.

On the other wall, showing high school work, the drawings, 131 in all, are arranged by classes, commencing at the right, as follows:

First, second, junior, and senior. Here the three divisions are fully developed and represented. On the line of construction drawing, beginning at the right, are six drawings-elementary projection and simple machine details. All are drawn to scale, from objects. Next to the left are four drawings of furniture, drawn to scale, from objects, from measurements and rough free-hand sketches made by the pupils.

Next are 24 architectural drawings, rough free-hand sketches, some being original designs. They show plans, elevations, sections, inside and outside details, and perspectives, in ink lines or colored.

In the middle row, or representation, are 6 instrumental perspective drawings. Next are 22 drawings from geometric models and vases in outline, several of them being groups. Then come 13 pieces shaded with the stump and charcoal or sauce, from copy, models, or casts. On the lower row, at the right, are 30 original designs in pencil, for surface decoration, as an oilcloth, tile pattern, etc. Next are 18 designs in monochrome, for borders, centers, etc. Then 6 designs in color for various purposes, as wall paper, wood carving, book covers, etc. Finally, two sheets of botanical analysis, in color, for design, showing a painting of a plant, and also the various parts conventionalized and arranged for designing, with an original design made from the given forms.

Drawing in the Columbus schools is a required study in all grades, no scholar being excused, except for some physical disability and upon the presentation of a certificate to that effect from a practicing physician.

The average time given to drawing is one hour and a half per week, and in the primary and grammar grades the regular teachers do all the teaching, under the supervision and instruction of the superintendent of drawing.

In the high school the teaching is done by a special teacher of drawing and the Superintendent of drawing. In the normal school the teaching is done by the superintendent of drawing.

Drawing books.-On the shelf under the drawings in the exhibit will be found one finished drawing book of each number used in the primary and grammar grades. In the high school blank books or paper are used.

Models.-A set of four models will be seen, constructed of wood and glued together. These were made by one pupil, in the lowest grammar grade, from his own drawings. In this and the grade above pupils are encouraged, for home optional work, to construct the objects which they draw in their study of construction drawing. They may be made of wood, framed, glued, nailed, or screwed together, or solid; of tin

soldered together; of paper or cardboard, pasted or sewed; of clay; or of any material that may be chosen. The only requirement is that certain objects be made of a given size from the pupil's own drawings. This work is not yet fully developed.

Dayton (population, 38,677).-Night schools for industrial drawing: Architectural drawings, 23; mechanical drawings, 17; total. 40; these drawings were displayed on wall space; 3 photographs of school buildings: seventh district, eleventh district, twelfth district; 1 interior view of twelfth district building; 1 copy annual report, 1883. Felicity (population, 1,047).- One photograph of school building.

Gallipolis (population, 4,400).-Examination papers: 1 volume from high school, containing papers in English grammar, Latin, German, physical geography, geogra phy, physics, botany, arithmetic, algebra, and astronomy; 3 volumes from primary and grammar grades, containing papers in spelling, definition of words, grammar, United States history, geography (with illustrative maps), and arithmetic; in all four volumes; 34 books of map drawing from sixth grade; 1 copy of Annual School Report. Hamilton (population, 12,122).-Examination papers: 3 volumes from high school containing papers in English composition, English literature, Latin, German, ancient history, physics, physiology, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry; 1 volume from grammar grades and 5 volume s from grammar and primary grades; in these 6 volumes are papers in grammar, geography (beginning in third grade), English language, United States history, spelling (from second up to highest grade), and German; 1 volume of drawings from sixth, seventh, and eighth grades; 1 volume of maps drawn from memory. In all, 11 volumes.

Lebanon (population, 2,703).-1 photograph of school building.

Manchester (population, 1,455). -Examination papers: 1 volume from high school and grammar grades, containing papers in grammar, composition, geography, natural philosophy, arithmetic, algebra, and geometry; specimens of drawings; 2 photographs of school buildings.

New Philadelphia (population, 3,070).—Examination papers (unbound), representing the work in the high school, and in the different grades of the grammar and the primary schools; 1 photograph of a school building.

Northwestern Normal School, Ada (population, 1,763).-1 lithograph of building; 1 chart, survey of South Ada Ditch, by Chas. A. Aubert; 1 plat of race course, by J. L. Newhouse; 1 plat of Ada Fair Ground.

Norwalk (population, 5,704).—2 photographs of high school building.

Obe lin (population, 3,242).— Examination papers: 1 volume from high school and eighth-grade pupils, containing papers in English grammar, United States history, Latin, and Greek; 1 volume from sixth and seventh grades, containing papers in English grammar, geography, maps, and arithmetic.

Oxford (population, 1,744).—Examination papers: 1 volume from high school, grammar, and primary grades, containing papers in English grammar, English literature, geography, and arithmetic. Penmanship from second grade up through the high school.

Painesville (population, 2,463).-*1 photograph of female seminary; *1 photograph of Lake Erie Seminary.

Portsmouth (population, 11,321).-Examination papers: 1 volume from high-school, containing papers in English literature, English history, rhetoric, Latin, mental science, physics, anatomy and physiology, geology, algebra, and trigonometry; 1 volume from grammar and primary grades, containing papers in English grammar, composition, United States history, geography, arithmetic, German (from sixth grade and upward); *2 photographic views of Union street building.

Smithrille (population, 546).-* 1 engraving of high school building.

Springfield (population, 20,730).-1. Examination papers: 1 volume from high school, containing papers in Lati, German, psychology, physics, physiology, algebra, and trigonometry; 4 volumes from grammar and primary grades, containing papers in spelling, grammar, geography, and United States history; 8 volumes English penmanship, from first to eighth grade, inclusive; 1 volume German penmanship, from first to eighth grade, inclusive; total, 14 voluines.

2. Drawings (displayed on wall space): High school, 44 decorative designs, 17 decorative designs in color; grammar and prima y grades, from second to eighth grades, inclusive, 77 copies and decorative designs, 5 copies and decorative design in color; total number of drawings, 143.

3. Specimens of scroll-sawing (from fifth, sixth, and seventh grad·s), 21.

4. Specimens of all kinds of blanks, including registers, etc., used in the Springfield schools.

Steubenville (population, 12,(93).—*6 photographs of school buildings: north building, south building, second ward, sixth ward, sixth ward (rolling-mill school), and eighth ward.

Troy (population, 3,803).—High school : chart, working section of railroad, by R. F. Walker.

Warren (population, 4,428).—* 1 photograph of high school building.

Wellsville (population, 3,377).—1 photograph of school building.

West Milton.-Papers (unbound) from the several grades of the schools.

Xenia (population, 7,026).-Examination papers: 2 volumes from the high school for white youth; 1 volume from the high school for colored youth, each volume containing papers in Latin, German, physics, science of government, and algebra; 4 volumes of grammar and primary grades (from third to eighth inclusive), containing papers in spelling, definition of words, music, geography, United States history, and arithmetic; 2 volumes from colored schools, containing papers in same subjects as above, except music; 1 volume of compositions from all grades of the primary and grammar schools, except from pupils of the first year; total, 10 volumes; 1 photograph of high school building.

Zaleski (population, 1,175).-1 volume, containing papers in spelling (with diacritical marks), composition, grammar, U. S. history, general history, physical geography, arithmetic, algebra, and penmanship; 1 photograph of school building.

Miscellaneous.-1 photograph of building for country school, erected in Noble county, 1853; 1 photograph of school building in District No. 6, Greene county; 1 photograph of school building in District No. 12, Greene county; 1 large framed specimen of penmanship from L. Detweiler, teacher of writing in the public schools of Hillsboro'. Portraits of eminent educators: 1 photograph of W. D. Henkle, 1 photograph of Horace Mann; 1 photograph of G. W. Hosmer, formerly president of Antioch College; 1 photograph of H. H. Barney, formerly State commissioner of common schools; 1 crayon portrait of D. A. Long, president of Antioch College; 1 engraved portrait of W. H. McGuffey; 1 engraved portrait of Joseph Ray; photograph of the faculty of Antioch College (group); 1 photograph of Dr. John Hancock; 1 photograph; 1 large chart giving average expense per pupil for tuition and the number of schools in each county of the State for the year ending August 31, 1884; 1 large chart setting forth the school system of the State; 1 large chart giving the school statistics of the State; 100 copies (bound) of the school laws of Ohio; 100 copies of the commissioner's report for 1883; 3 bound volumes of the Educational Monthly.

COLLEGE EXHIBIT.

This exhibit was prepared and set up by Professor A. H. Tuttle, of the Ohio State University, and gives statistics and other valuable information from 16 colleges, besides photographic views of buildings and surrounding scenery, from most of the institutions presented. In this way, with the addition of charts, was presented an approximately complete history and the present condition of the higher education of the State-something, it is believed, not attempted in any other exhibit in the Exposition. Upon the value of such a presentation it is not necessary to enlarge. Adelbert College, of Western Reserve University (Cleveland).-Statistics; 1 photographic view of building; 10 interior views.

Antioch College (Yellow Springs).—Statistics; 2 photographs of buildings; 2 photographs of scenery; 2 photographs of classes of students.

Baldwin University (Berea).—Statistics.

Buchtel College (Akron).-Statistics; *1 photograph of building; *1 engraving of

same.

University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati).—Statistics.

Denison University (Granville).—Statistics; 2 photographs of buildings.
Hiram College (Hiram).—Statistics.

Kenyon College (Gambier).—Statistics; 8 photographs of buildings; 3 photographs of scenery.

Marietta College (Marietta).—Statistics; 4 photographs of buildings; 8 photographic interior views.

Oberlin College (Oberlin).—Statistics; 5 photographs of buildings; 1 photographic view of the interior of the chapel, with students assembled therein.

Ohio State University (Columbus).-Statistics; 4 photographs of buildings; 8 photographic interior views; 9 drawings from students of mining department; 1 large drawing of furnace; 3 drawings from students' engineer department; 1 case students' work (iron and wood), mechanical department.

Ohio University (Athens).—Statistics.

Ohio Wesleyan University (Delaware).-Statistics; 2 photographs of buildings; 3 photographic interior views; 1 photograph of the famous sulphur spring.

Otterbein University (Westerville).-Statistics; 4 photographs of buildings; *1 lithograph of main building; 2 photographic interior views.

Wittenberg College (Springfield).-Statistics.

University of Wooster (Wooster).-Statistics; 1 large chart in colors showing the relative standing of the counties of the State as to the number of youth attending college; 1 printed chart giving consolidated statistics of colleges; 1 colored chart showing the relative numbers of youth attending college within and without the State; 1 colored chart showing ratio of college attendance to population of college age (16–21).