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Treaties and Conventions.

Between the Governments of different Nations, relating to the Northwest Territories of North America.

GREAT BRITAIN AND SPAIN; UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN; UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA; GREAT BRITAIN AND RUSSIA; UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN; DIPLOMATICAL CORRESPONDENCE,-MONROE TO BAKER, BAKER'S REPLY; MR. RUSH TO MR. ADAMS; ADAMS TO RUSH; MR. RUSH'S REPLY; J. B. PREVOST TO MR. ADAMS; BRITISH SURRENDER OF ASTORIA ; RUSSIAN AND AMERICAN CONTROVERSY; POLETICA TO ADAMS; ADAMS' REPLY; POLETICA TO ADAMS; TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN; BRITISH Law over Oregon; ORGANIZATION OF OREGON TERRITORY; REGULATING FUR TRADE; AWARD OF EMPEROR WILLIAM; NOTES.

Convention between Great Britain and Spain, signed at the Escurial, October 28, 1790.

ARTICLE I. The buildings and tracts of land situated on the northwest coast of the continent of North America, or on the islands adjacent to that continent, of which the subjects of his Britannic Majesty were dispossessed about the month of April, 1789, by a Spanish officer, shall be restored to the said British subjects.

ART. 2. A just reparation shall be made, according to the nature of the case, for all acts of violence or hostility which may have been committed subsequent to the month of April, 1789, by the subjects of either of the contracting parties against the subjects of the other; and, in case any of the said respective subjects shall, since the same period, have been forcibly dispossessed of their lands, buildings, vessels, merchandise, and other property, whatever, on the said continent, or on the seas and islands adjacent, they shall be re-established in the possession thereof, or a just compensation shall be made to them for the losses which they have sustained.

ART. 3. In order to strengthen the bonds of friendship, and to preserve in future a perfect harmony and good understanding, between the two contracting parties, it is agreed that their respective subjects shall not be disturbed or molested either in navigating, or carrying on their fisheries, in the Pacific ocean or in the South seas, or in landing on the coasts of those seas in places not already occupied, for the purpose of carrying on their commerce with the natives of the country, or of making settlements there; the whole subject, nevertheless, to the restrictions specified in the following articles.

ART. 4. His Britannic Majesty engages to take the most effectual measures to prevent the navigation and fishing of his subjects in the Pacific ocean or in the South seas from being made a pretext for illicit trade with the Spanish settlements; and, with this view, it is moreover expressly stipulated that British subjects shall not navigate, or carry on their fishery, in said seas, within the space of ten sea leagues from any part of the coast already occupied by Spain.

ART. 5. As well in the places which are to be restored to the British subjects, by virtue of the first article, as in all other ports of the northwestern coasts of North America, or of the islands adjacent, situate to the north of the ports of the said coast already occupied by Spain, wherever the subjects of either of the two Powers shall have made settlements since the month of April, 1789, or shall hereafter make any, the subjects of the other shall have free access, and shall carry on their trade without any disturbance or molestation.

ART. 6. With respect to the eastern and western coasts of South America, and to the islands adjacent, no settlement shall be formed hereafter, by the respective subjects, in such part of these coasts as are situated to the south of these ports of the same coasts, and of the islands adjacent, which are already occupied by Spain; provided that the said respective subjects shall retain the liberty of landing on the coasts and islands so situated, for the purposes of their fishery, and of erecting thereon huts and other temporary buildings, serving only for those purposes.

ART. 7. In all cases of complaint or infraction of the articles of the present convention, the officers of either party, without permitting themselves previously to commit any violence or act of force, shall be bound to make an exact report of the affair, and of its circumstances, to their respective Courts, who will terminate such differences in an amicable manner.

ART. 8. The present convention shall be ratified and confirmed in the space of six weeks, to be computed from the day of its signature, or sooner if it can be done.

Convention between the United States of America and Great Britain, signed at London, October 20, 1818.

ARTICLE 2. It is agreed that a line drawn from the most northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods, along the 49th parallel of north latitude, or, if the said point shall not be in the 49th parallel of north latitude, then that a line drawn from the said point due north or south, as the case may be, until the said line shall intersect the said parallel of north latitude, and from the point of such intersection due west along and with the said parallel, shall be the line of demarkation between the territories of the United States and those of His Britannic Majesty; and that the said line shall from the northern boundary of the said territories of the United States, and the southern boundary of the territories of His Britannic Majesty, from the Lake of the Woods to the Stony mountains.

ART. 3. It is agreed that any country that may be claimed by either party on the northwest coast of America, westward of the Stony mountains, shall together with its harbors, bays, and creeks, and the navigation of all rivers within the same, be free and open for the term of ten years from the date of the signature of the present convention, to the vessels, citizens, and subjects of the two Powers; it being well understood that this agreement is not to be construed to the prejudice of any claim which either of the two high contracting parties may have to any part of the said country, nor shall it be taken to affect the claims of any other

Power or State to any part of the said country; the only object of the high contracting parties, in that respect, being to prevent disputes and differences among themselves.

Treaty of amity, settlement, and limits, between the United States and Spain, (commonly called the Florida treaty,) signed at Washington, Feb. 22, 1819.

ARTICLE 3. The boundary line between the two countries, west of the Mississippi, shall begin on the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the river Saline, in the sea, continuing north, along the western bank of that river, to the 32d degree of latitude; thence, by a line due north, to the degree of latitude where it strikes the Rio Roxo of Natchitoches, or Red river; then, following the course of the Rio Roxo westward, to the degree of longitude 100 west from London and 23 from Washington; then crossing the said Red river, and running thence, by a line due north, to the main Arkansas; thence following the course of the northern bank of the Arkansas to its source in latitude 42 north; and thence, by that parallel of latitude, to the South sea; the whole being laid down in Melisli's map of the United States, published at Philadelphia, improved to the 1st of January, 1818. But if the source of the Arkansas river should be found to fall north or south of latitude 42, then the line shall run from the said source due south or north, as the case may be, till it meets the said parallel of latitude 42, and thence, along the said parallel, to the South sea. All the islands in the Saline, and the said Red and Arkansas rivers, throughout the course thus described, to belong to the United States; but the use of the waters and the navigation of the Saline to the sea, and of said rivers Roxo and Arkansas, throughout the extent of the said boundary, on their respective banks, shall be common to the respective inhabitants of both nations.

The two high contracting parties agree to cede and renounce all their rights, claims, and pretensions to the territories described by the said line; that is to say, the United States hereby cede to His Catholic Majesty, and renounce forever all their rights, claims, and pretensions to the territories lying west and south of the above described line; and, in like manner, His Catholic Majesty cedes to the United States all his rights, claims, and pretensions to any territories east and north of the said line; and for himself, his heirs, and successors, renounces all claim to the said territories forever.

Convention between the United States and Russia, signed at Saint Petersburg, on the 5-17 of April 1824.

ARTICLE I. It is agreed that, in any part of the great ocean, commonly called the Pacific ocean, or South sea, the respective citizens or subjects of the high contracting Powers shall be neither disturbed nor restrained, either in navigation or in fishing, or in the power of resorting to the coasts, upon points which may not already have been occupied, for the purpose of trading with the natives; saving always the restrictions and conditions determined by the following articles :

ART. 2 With the view of preventing the rights of navigation and of fishing, exercised upon the great ocean by the citizens and subjects of the high contracting Powers, from becoming the pretext for an illicit trade, it is agreed that the citizens of the United States shall not resort to any point where there is a Russian establishment, without the permission of the governor or commander; and that, reciprocally, the subjects of Russia shall not resort, without permission, to any establishment of the United States upon the northwest coast.