BENEFACTORS-MEMORABLE PERSONS.

427

or lent it him rather; for, since, his bounty hath repaid them the principal with plentiful consideration. He was afterwards for many years the constant preacher of Saint Bridget's in Fleet-street, the only church preferment he enjoyed. I perceive thus craft and cruelty may raise a quick and great, but plain frugality (especially if vivacious) will advance a better and surer, estate. Though sequestered in these times, what he had formerly gained in his place he hath since bestowed in building and endowing, over against the new chapel in Westminster, a fair alms-house for twelve poor people. Besides this, many and great have his gifts been to ministers' poor widows. And wonder not, reader, if they be unknown to me, which were unknown to his own left hand.-All this he did in his life-time. Oh, it giveth the best light, when one carrieth his lanthorn before him! The surest way that one's will shall be performed, is to see it performed. Yea, I may say that his poor people in his almshouse are in some sort provided for, not only from head to foot, but also from body to soul, he constantly preaching to them twice a week. He died anno 1659.

MEMORABLE PERSONS.

[S. N.] EDMOND DOUBLEDAY, Esquire, was of a tall and proper person, and lived in this city. Nor had this large case a little jewel, this long body a lazy soul, whose activity and valour was adequate to his strength and greatness, whereof he gave this eminent testimony.

When Sir Thomas Knevet was sent, November 4, 1605, by king James, to search the cellar beneath the Parliament-house, with very few, for the more privacy, to attend him, he took Master Doubleday with him. Here they found Guy Faux, with his dark-lanthorn, in the dead of the night, providing for the death of many the next morning. He was newly come out of the Devil's Closet (so I may fitly term the inward room where the powder lay, and the train was to be laid) into the outward part of the cellar. Faux beginning to bustle, Master Doubleday instantly ordered him at his pleasure, up with his heels, and there with the traitor lay the treason flat along the floor, by God's goodness detected, defeated. Faux vowed (and, though he was a false traitor, herein I do believe him) that, had he been in the inner room, he would have blown up himself and all the company therein. Thus it is pleasant music to hear disarmed malice threaten, when it cannot strike. Master Doubleday lived many years after, deservedly loved and respected; and died about the year of our Lord 1618.

THE FAREWELL.

Seeing the well-being (yea being) of this city consisteth in the king's court and in the courts of justice, I congratulate the happy return of the one, praying for the long continuance of

the other; yea, may the lawyers in Westminster-hall never again plead in their armour (as they did in the time of Wyat's rebellion), but in their peaceable gowns and legal formalities. Nor doth this wish only extend to the weal of Westminster, but all England; for no such dearth in a land, as what is caused from a drought of justice therein; for, if "judgment do not run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream," injustice, like an ocean, will drown all with its inundation.

WORTHIES OF MIDDLESEX WHO HAVE FLOURISHED SINCE THE TIME OF FULLER.t

Jeremy BENTHAM, political writer; born in London 1747; died 1832.

Charles BOYLE, Earl of Orrery, statesman and scholar, antagonist of Bentley; born at Little Chelsea 1676; died 1731. Isaac Hawkins BROWNE, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., essayist; born in London 1746; died 1818.

Right Hon. Geo. CANNING, illustrious statesman; born in London 1770; died 1827.

Edward Daniel CLARKE, LL.D., traveller and classical scholar; born 1767; died 1821.

George COLMAN, dramatic writer; born in London 1762; died 1836.

Charles COMBE, M.D., classical scholar, and editor of "Horace;" born in London 1743; died 1807.

Taylor COMBE, antiquary, classical scholar, and author; born 1774; died 1826.

Rev. J. J. CONYBEARE, antiquary and author; born 1779; died 1824.

Rev. Archdeacon CoxE, historian, biographer, and traveller; born in London 1747; died 1828.

Daniel DANCER, miser; born near Harrow 1716; died 1794. Daniel FINCH, third Earl of Nottingham, statesman and scholar; born at Kensington 1689; died 1730.

Henry Fox, Lord Holland, statesman, rival of Pitt Earl of Chatham; born at Chiswick 1705; died 1774.

Charles James Fox, son of the preceding, illustrious statesman and scholar; born 1748; died 1806.

Richard GOUGH, the modern Camden; born 1735; died at Enfield 1809.

Joseph GRIMALDI, clown; born in London 1779; died 1837.

* Amos v. 24.

Many distinguished individuals, who from their long connexion with the Metropolis might, without any impropriety, be classed under this head, will be found in the respective counties which gave them birth.-ED.

WORTHIES SINCE THE TIME OF FULLER.

429

Edmund HALLEY, astronomer and mathematician; born at Haggerston 1656; died 1741.

William HAWES, physician, founder of the Humane Society; born at Islington 1753; died 1808.

Richard HEBER, M.P., classical scholar and celebrated bibliomaniac; born in Westminster 1773; died 1834.

Nathaniel HODGES, physician, historian of the plague; born at Kensington; died 1684.

John Gale JONES, political orator; born in London 1771; died 1838.

John HOWARD, philanthropist, visitor of prisons; born at Hackney 1726; died 1790.

Edmund KEAN, great tragic actor; born in London 1787; died 1832.

Dr. William KING, principal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, politician, poet, and scholar; born at Stepney 1663; died 1712. Edward LOVIBOND, poet, author of "Tears of Old May Day;" born near Hampton; died 1775.

Charles MATTHEWS, comedian; born in London 1770; died 1835.

Richard MEAD, physician and author; born at Stepney 1673; died 1754.

Rev. Dr. MILNER, F.S.A., catholic divine and learned author; born in London 1752; died 1826.

Sir George NARES, judge; born at Stanwell 1716.

James NARES, musician and composer; born at Stanwell 1715; died 1783.

Joseph NOLLEKENS, eminent sculptor; born in London 1737; died 1823.

Richard NORTHALL, archbishop of Dublin; born at Northall; died 1397.

William PAGE, divine, schoolmaster, and translator; born at Harrow; died 1663.

Charles PRATT, first Earl Camden, lord chancellor; born at Kensington 1714; died 1794.

Sir Thomas Stamford RAFFLES, great Oriental scholar; born at sea 1781; died 1826.

Stephen Peter RIGAUD, Savilian professor of Astronomy at Oxford, &c.; born at Richmond 1774; died 1839.

Sir Samuel ROMILLY, M.P., celebrated advocate and statesman; born in 1757; died 1818.

William SHARPE, eminent engraver; born in London 1749; died 1824.

George STEEVENS, commentator on Shakspeare; born at Poplar 1735; died 1809.

Charles Alfred STOTHARD, historical draughtsman and painter; born in London 1787; killed 1821.

Brook TAYLOR, author on Linear Perspective; born at Edmonton 1685; died 1731.

Thomas TAYLOR, the Platonist, metaphysician, and Greek translator; born in London 1758; died 1836.

Mrs. THICKNESSE, accomplished authoress of "The School of Fashion," &c.; born in London 1737; died 1824.

Richard WESTALL, R.A., historical painter; born in London; died 1837.

Robert WOODCOCK, painter of sea-pieces; born at Chelsea 1690.

Of Middlesex, there has been no general historian; and indeed, from the ever fluctuating nature of property and constant change of families, in this populous and wealthy county, it is almost impossible there could have been a regular topographical history. So early as 1593, however, the "Speculum Britanniæ," (the first Part containing an historical and chorographical Description of Middlesex) was brought out; and in 1663, the "Visitation of Middlesex' was published by Ryley and Dethick. Since that period innumerable histories, local descriptions, and illustrative views of London, Westminster, and places adjoining, have made their appearance. "Of London, strictly speaking (says Mr. John Nichols) there is no topographical description; and it is almost impossible that there should be. Independent of the numerous chartered companies, almost each of which possesses a considerable share of property in the city, the number of freeholders is very large. Yet there are few or no great families, through whom the descent of property can be regularly traced, as in the surrounding counties; where in every parish the manor or manors have passed, if not from father to son, at least by purchase from one family to another."-The earliest description of London was written in Latin by Fitz-Stephen, which has been more than once translated into English, and forms the basis of every subsequent history. In its Ecclesiastical history and antiquities, London has been fortunate. In addition to the laudable endeavours of John Stow, to which Dr. Fuller acknowledges frequent obligations, may be added the still more accurate researches of his continuator, Mr. Strype; Howel's "Londinopolis ;" the "New View of London," 1708; Newcourt's Repertorium, 1708; Warburton's London and Middlesex, 1749; the Survey of London by Seymour; besides the Works of Maitland, Entick, Nousthouck, Pennant, Malcolm, &c. The histories of the city of Westminster have in general been included in the many volumes descriptive of London. But there are several separate publications, particularly on the antiquities of its beautiful and magnificent Abbey Church. these, the first printed account is by Camden, in 1600; followed by Taylor in 1684; by Dart in 1722; by Widmore in 1731 and 1743; and by Smith in 1807. In addition to the preceding, the following list of Works, illustrative of the history of the County and the Metropolis, may be enumerated in alphabetical order :Bayley's Tower of London. Brayley's Londinia. Bruce's Account of Savoy Palace. Charities of London, from Report of Parliamentary Commissioners. Colnaghi's Views of London and Westminster, by Watts, Angus, and Medland, with Descriptions. Denham's Account of St. Dunstan's in the West. Ducarel's History of St. Katharine's. Dugdale's St. Paul's, by Ellis. Ecclesiastical Topography, or History of 100 Churches near London. Ellis's History of Shoreditch, 1798. Faulkner's History of Fulham, of Kensington, and of Chelsea. Fisher's Plates to illustrate Lysons's Environs. Gwilt's St. Paul's Cathedral. Gwynne's London Improved. Ironside's History of Twickenham, 1797. Kempe's Account of St. Martin-le-Grand. Lysons's Environs of London, 1795; and also an Account of various Parishes in the County of Middlesex, 1800. Middleton's Agriculture of Middlesex, 1807. Nash's Views to illustrate Pennant's London. Nelson's History and Antiquities of Islington. New View of London, 1701. Nichols's Account of Guildhall, the History of Canonbury, and Account of St. Katharine's Hospital, &c. Park's Hampstead. Dr. Wm. Robinson's Histories of Edmonton, of Tottenham, of Stoke Newington, and of Enfield. Smith's History of Marylebone, of Westminster, and Ancient Topography of London. Topham's St. Stephen's Chapel. Wilkinson's Account of St. Martin Outwich. Wilson's Christ's Hospital, &c. &c. -ED.

Of

MONMOUTHSHIRE.

MONMOUTHSHIRE.-I may fitly call this an English-Welsh county;* for, though it lie west of Severn, yea of Wye itself, and though the Welsh be the common language thereof, yet it doth wear a double badge of English relation. First, whereas formerly all Welch counties sent but one knight to the Parliament, this had the privilege of two, conformable to the shires of England. Secondly, it is not subject to the Welch jurisdiction; but such itinerant judges as go Oxford Circuit have this county within the compass of their commission.

MANUFACTURES.

CAPS.

These were the most ancient, general, warm, and profitable coverings of men's heads in this Island. It is worth our pains to observe the tenderness of our kings to preserve the trade of cap-making, and what long and strong struggling our state had to keep up the using thereof, so many thousands of people being maintained thereby in the land,† especially before the invention of Fulling-mills, all caps before that time being wrought, beaten, and thickened by the hands and feet of men, till those mills, as they eased many of their labour, ousted more of their livelihood. Thus ingenious inventions conducing to the compendious making of commodities, though profitable to private persons, may not always be gainful to the public, to which what employs most is most advantageous; as capping anciently set fifteen distinct callings on work, as they are reckoned up in the statute:

1. Carders; 2. Spinners; 3. Knitters; 4. Parters of Wool; 5. Forcers; 6. Thickers; 7. Dressers; 8. Walkers; 9. Dyers; 10. Battelers; 11. Shearers; 12. Pressers; 13. Edgers; 14. Liners; 15. Band-makers; and other exercises.

In Dr. Fuller's time, Monmouthshire was considered a Welch county. It is now an English one.-ED.

† Eight thousand in London, Stat. 13 Elizabeth, cap. 19; and probably twice as many in the land beside.

13 Elizabeth, cap, 19.