The works in Theology 218, of which 195 original. There were eight Critical Journals. Thirtyseven foreigners had written in Russia, and there were five female authors. The Emperor Alexander has purchased the Cabinet of Natural History of Professor Pallas, and placed it in the palace of the Hermitage at St. Petersburg, which has also, a Library of 60,000 volumes. There has been established in St. Petersburg, a Medical Philanthropic Society, under the immediate protection of the Emperor. It has placed a physician, with a salary of 600 rubles, in each ward of the city, to watch gratuitously over the sick. Irkutsk, the capital of Siberia, has 16,000 inhabitants, an Archbishoprick, an Ecclesiastical Seminary, many Academies, a public library, and a school of navigation, in which the Chinese, Japanese, and Tartar Languages are taught for the trade of China and the Islands of the South Sea. Tobolsk has about the same number of inhabitants and the same establishments. The two Swedish professors of the university of Upsala, Knoes and Traner, have published Translations in Swedish of Demosthenes and Homer. Three "Methodologies" for the sciences were published at Vienna in 1815. The Hungarian Count Leopold D'Andrassi, has given his splendid Library, Cabinet of Medals and VOL. I. Minerals, &c. to the Protestant Library of Gomer. The opulent Russian Demidow has founded, with 200,000 rubles, an Athenæum, with five professors attached, &c. Some tea plants have been imported, and Chinese gardeners introduced into the Brazils, by the first minister, M. D'Araujo, and and gave an abundant harvest. The decoction of the Brazils leaf was found to bear comparison with the Chinese. The family of Solomon Gessner, the Swiss Poet, Author of the Death of Abel, &c. being obliged to dispose of his cabinet of paintings and drawings, it has been purchased by his townsmen by subscription. The object of the subscription was, not only to secure these valuable productions to his place of nativity, but to put his family at ease in their circum stances. A work is now issuing from the the Italian press of Milan, entitled" Lives and Portraits of Illustrious Italians." The literary execution is excellent. There existed at Venice an Academy dei Peregrini, whose chief purpose it was to write the lives of the worthies of Italy. M. Londoni, a Milanese, has published in three volumes in Italian, "A History of the English Colonies in America down to the period of their Independence." Storia delle Colonie Inglesi in America." The work is highly extolled by the Italian critics. 3 A The press of Rome has given | after that term. Premium-a gold a new and much improved edition medal of 3000 francs. of the Poetical Translation of the Paradise Lost of Felice Mariottini, first published in London, in 1796, and then highly applauded. M. Baggessen, the celebrated Danish poet, is about to publish a Poem entitled the Fall of Adam. He has in hands another in twenty cantos drawn from the travels of captain. Cooke. The annual prize of Astromony founded by M. la Lande for the most useful Memoir on that Science, was assigned by the French Institute, in 1815, to M. Piazzi, Astronomer Royal of Palermo, for his Catalogue of 7500 Stars. Preparing for publication in England, a work to be entitled State Papers illustrating the relations of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with the United States of America, from the peace of Paris of 1783, to the peace of Ghent:-by E. A. Kendall, F.S. Armenia is, without doubt, the country of Asia, of which the annals include most directly those of the whole Continent. It was, indeed, of old, to the whole world, what Colchis was to the Greek princes. Its history, therefore, is that, under the most interesting points of view, of the ancient orien-Neophytos Bambas--pursuing tal nations. It has been so considered and treated in a most elaborate and methodical work lately published in Paris, and entitled "A General Picture of Armenia," by M. Chahande Cirbried, professor of Armenian in the royal special school of oriental living languages. The author is an Armenian, and has communicated much curious information new to Europe. An Academy of Agriculture has been founded in Stockholm, with an endowment from the Swedish government of 200,000 rix dollars. The prince royal is the president of the institution. It has already published memoirs and proposed prizes on subjects affecting the prosperity of agriculture. One of the prize subjects proposed by the First Class of the French Institute, for the year 1817, is to determine the chemical changes which take place in fruits during their maturation, and A native of the Island of Chios his studies at Paris, has published there in modern Greek, a complete system of Rhetoric, illustrated by passages from the most eloquent of ancient and modern authors. The expenses of the work were without solicitation, assumed by the Greeks of Chios. It is highly praised by the Parisian critics, and cited as a refutation of the aspersions cast upon the intellect of the modern Greeks. The literature of Hungary though but very little known, is by no means poor or uninteresting. Hungary can boast of many men of the first order in science and literature; poetry is cultivated there with great success; the Hungarian language is rich and harmonious, and alone of all the European tongues, enjoys a prosody resembling that of the Greek and Latin. If the Hungarians are not quite so far advanced in the culture of language and the sciences as their German neighbours, it is owing to their con tinual early wars against the Turks. | is engaged, in conjunction with the committee appointed by the academy of Warsaw, upon a General History of Poland. The native idiom was particularly neglected, and until 1780 even the gazettes were published in Latin. Since, however, the former has become in every respect national, and the vehicle of public instruction as well as of every form of public communication. Virgil, Corneille, Milton, Voltaire, Fenelon, Marmontel, Ossian, &c. and the best German authors, have been translated into the Hungarian, in verse and prose. Hungary boasts of a great number of early poets, and during the eighteenth century produced a multitude of elegant scholars in all branches of literature. There are many striking affinities between the Hungarian and Persian languages, especially in the conjugation of the verbs, the application of the personal pronouns, &c. M. Lindé, a professor of Warsaw, one of the most profound linguists of Europe, has been employed for many years on a Polish dictionary, which is singular in its kind. Each word is explained in the ancient Russian, in modern Russian, in Bohemian, and in the other Slavonian languages to the number of thirteen. Every one of these has examples to each word taken from its own literature. The emperor Alexander gave five hundred ducats to defray the first expenses of the undertaking; to which the Czartorinskis, the Asolinskis, the Radzivils, the Zamoyskis, and the Potockis have constantly contributed, with a liberality worthy of the affection which these great families manifest towards literature and its cultivators. A French scholar of eminence The brothers KapétanakiGreeks of Smyrna, have published a Universal Geography. That part which treats of the Ottoman empire furnishes particulars entirely new and of much interest. Vienna abounds with Greeks of vast erudition, and indefatigable activity in authorship. The professor of philology in the gymnasium of Smyrna, Oiknosomos, has published a Treatise on Oratory, which is, in itself, sufficient to prove that the modern Greek even in its present state is one of the finest languages of Europe. The gymnasium of Smyrna is an excellent establishment, and can boast of several learned professors both in the sciences and letters. A modern Greek poet, Michael Perdicaris, is employed upon an epic poem in his native language, entitled the Diomediad. Among the late productions of the Spanish press, the following work deserves particularly to be noted, as furnishing much valuable information. "Of the Commerce of the Romans from the first Punic War down to the reign of Constantine the Great." By Anthony de Malcorra y Azana, secretary of the royal society of Valladolid. 1 vol. 4to. The poem of Carlo Botta, entitled La Camilleide, or the Destruction of Veii, in 12 cantos, is described by the critics as of the highest order of excellence. A copy of this work has lately been presented by the author to the American Philosophical So- | genious. M. Lefebure entitles his ciety. The most remarkable offspring of the Italian muse of the present day is the Translation of the Iliad of the Chevalier Monti. It is much superior in fidelity, variety, and elegant simplicity to that of Cesarotti, the admirable translator of Ossian. The best edition of Monti is the one in 2 vols. octavo, published at Milan in 1812. Nothing can be more lofty than the panegyric pronounced upon it by the Italian Institute. M. Lefebure is publishing at Paris, in parts, a new system of Botany, which he calls Systeme Signalementaire. He has taken for the principal bases or elements of his system, the leaves of plants. The leaves attached one to one, two to two, three to three, form the first, second and third classes. These leaves placed either on a herbaceous stem, or on a woody stem, or at the foot of a herbaceous stem, form the three orders; twelve families borrowed from the twenty-two classes of Tournefort, complete the subdivisions of the general arrangement; in which each genus takes its place according to an analogy which distinguishes the author's system from any heretofore projected. Whether this work deserves the encomiums lavished upon it, as possessing principles eminently proper to dissipate the difficulties of Botany, we cannot determine. It may certainly contribute to arrange those vegetables to which nature has given leaves, stems and flowers: these are an important and extensive part of the vegetable kingdom, and we concur in recommending the thought to the learned and in work "Concordance of the three Systems of Tournefort, Linnæus and Jussieu." Considerable attention is given to literature in Servia. A Univer sal Geography, a translation of Plutarch, and of many German works, odes and other poetry, have recently been published in the Ser. vian language. In the Sitting of the First Class of the French Institute held the 26th December, 1815, the first prize was adjudged, a circumstance unexampled in France on mathematical subjects, to a young lady called Miss Sophia Germanes. The prize question was one of the most difficult and important of the mathematics and of natural philosophy, the resolution of the problem of the vibration of elastic surfaces. This problem had been proposed six years before, and three several times without a satis factory result. Ausburg, Nov. 2.-The indefati gable Abbot Angelo Majo, one of the keepers of the Ambrosian li brary at Milan, who had the merit of discovering and publishing three unknown orations of Cicero, has now had the happiness to enrich us by a more brilliant discovery, that of the works of an ancient author of whom we knew nothing but his name and a small grammatical work. They are the works of Cor. nelius Fronto, with unpublished letters of the emperors Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, L. Verus, and also of Appian. The publication consists of two volumes large octavo, with several copper plates and fac-similes of the MSS. No Editio Princeps of any classic can be compared with it in splendor. Fifteen copies are printed in large the great masters, distribute prizes 4to. M. Nathanson, a rich citizen of Copenhagen, is causing to be executed at his own expense, a gallery of Holberg the Danish dramatist, similar to the Shakspeare gallery in London. Two subjects are treated from each comedy of Holberg, and the pictures are to be engraved by the first artists of Copenhagen. A young nobleman of Hungary has proposed a prize of 700 florins for the best tragedy in the Hungarian language drawn from the history of Hungary. Vienna has a society of amateurs of music, who have established a conservatory for pupils in the art, print the classical works of for the best compositions, and publish a journal entitled Annals of the Society of Amateurs, &c. The society possesses an extensive library suitable to its charac ter. The gazette of Florence ascribes the discovery of steam boats to Séraphim Scratti, a monk of Mount Cassin, and supports the opinion by a letter extracted from a work of this monk entitled "Letters on several points of experimental Philosophy," printed at Florence in 1787. There has been discovered in the Ambrosian library of Milan, a work entitled Epitome Dionysii Halycarnassensis, which fills up the hiatus of Livy. PRINCIPAL LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS OF PARIS. Journal of Natural Philosophy, of Chemistry, of Natural History and the Arts, by J. C. de la Me sherie, Journal of Mines. Journal of the Sittings of the Court of Cassation. Encyclopedical Magazine, or Journal of the Sciences, Letters, and the Arts, by Millin. Gazette of Health, by Gardane, Pinel, Poulet, &c. Mercure de France, a weekly Journal. Archives of discoveries and inventions in the Sciences, the Arts and Manufactures: published annually-Eight volumes have appeared. Annals of French Agriculture, by Messrs. Tessier and Bosc. Journal of Medicine. Journal of Commerce, Politics, 64th volume. and Literature. General Journal of the Theatres. Bulletin of the Society of encouragement for the National Industry. Annals of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, by M. M. Arago, Bertholet, &c. Paris. Annals of the Museum of Natural History of Paris. |