Who Is Black?: One Nation's Definition

accepted African American African ancestry American Indian anti-miscegenation laws Apartheid Asians became beliefs black children black community black identity black person black population black pride Black Renaissance black-white blacks and whites British caucasoid census century Chapter civil rights courts culture defined as black definition discrimination drop rule economic ethnic group free mulattoes genes genetic Hawaiian Hispanic immigrants intermarriage interracial involving white islands Jim Crow system Ku Klux Klan large numbers laws Lena Horne light mulattoes Louisiana major marriage Mestizos Métis middle minority miscegenation mixed children mulatto elites multiracial nation Negro negroid nonwhite Northwest European one-drop rule parent groups passing as white pattern percent political problems racial classification racial identity racial segregation racial traits racially mixed persons rejected schools segregation sexual contacts skin color slavery slaves social tion U.S. Supreme Court United unmixed blacks white community white families white males white parents white women whites and blacks