its tribute to Rome, 178. Is conquered
by the Turks, vii. 182.
Asiarch, the nature of this office among

the ancient Pagans, ii. 119. note.
Aspar is commissioned by Theodosius the
Younger to conduct Valentinian III. to
Italy, iv. 209. Places his steward Leo
on the throne of the Eastern empire,
337. He and his sons murdered by Leo,

v. 3.

Assassins, the principality of, destroyed

by the Moguls, vii. 461.

Assemblies of the people abolished under
the Roman emperors, i. 76. The na-
ture of, among the ancient Germans,
252.

Assyria, the province of, described, iii.
192. Is invaded by the emperor Ju-
lian, 194. His retreat, 211.
Astarte, her image brought from Car-
thage to Rome, as a spouse for Elaga-
balus, i. 163.

Astolphus, king of the Lombards, takes
the city of Ravenna, and attacks Rome,
vi. 173. Is repelled by Pepin king of
France, 174.

Astrology, why cultivated by the Arabian
astronomers, vi. 438.

Athalaric, the son of Amalasontha, queen
of Italy, his education and character,
v. 149.

Athanaric, the Gothic chief, his war
against the emperor Valens, iii. 304.
His alliance with Theodosius, his
death and funeral, 378.

Athanasius, St. confesses his understand-
ing bewildered by meditating on the
divinity of the Logos, iii. 13. General
view of his opinions, 22. Is banished,
31. His character and adventures, 37.
167.234. His death, 262. Was not
the author of the famous creed under
his name, iv. 407. note,
Athanasius, patriarch of Constantinople,
his contests with the Greek emperor
Andronicus the Elder, vii. 423.
Athenais, daughter of the philosopher Le-
ontius. See Eudocia.

Athens, the libraries in that city, why said
to have been spared by the Goths, i.
302 Naval strength of the republic of,
during its prosperity, ii. 51. note.
-, Is laid under contribution by Ala-
ric the Goth, iv. 32.

Review of the philosophical history
of, v. 103. The schools of, silenced by
the emperor Justinian, 107.

Revolutions of, after the crusades,
and its present state, vii. 419.
Athos, mount, beatific visions of the
monks of, vii. 441.

Atlantic Ocean, derivation of its name, i.
30.

Attacotti, a Caledonian tribe of cannibals,
account of, iii. 284.

Attalus, præfect of Rome, is chosen em-
peror by the senate, under the influence
of Alaric, iv. 119. Is publicly degrad.
ed, 121. His future fortune, 148.
Attalus, a noble youth of Auvergne, his
adventures, iv. 458.

Attila, the Hun, iv. 234. Description of
his person and character, ib. His con-
quests, 237. His treatment of his cap.
tives, 245. Imposes terms of peace on
Theodosius the Younger, 249. Op-
presses Theodosius by his ambassa-
dors, 251. Description of his royal re-
sidence, 256. His reception of the am-
basadors of Theodosius, 258. His be-
haviour on discovering the scheme of
Theodosius to get him assassinated,
263. His haughty messages to the em-
perors of the East and West, 267. His
invasion of Gaul, 279. His oration to
his troops on the approach of Etius and
Theodoric, 285. Battle of Chalons,
286. His invasion of Italy, 290. His
retreat purchased by Valentinian, 296.
His death, 298.

Atys and Cybele, the fable of, allegorised
by the pen of Julian, iii. 125.
Avars, are discomfited by the Turks, v.
207. Their embassy to the emperor
Justinian, 208. Their conquests in Po-
land and Germany, 209. Their em-
bassy to Justin II. 381. They join the
Lombards against the Gepidæ, 384.
Pride, policy, and power, of their cha-
gan Baian, 436. Their conquest, 439.
Invest Constantinople, 470.

Averroes, his religious infidelity, how far
justifiable, vi. 441. note.

Aversa, a town near Naples, built as a
settlement for the Normans, vii. 109.
Augurs, Roman, their number and pecu-
liar office, iii. 450.

Augustine, his account of the miracles
wrought by the body of St. Stephen,
iii. 476. Celebrates the piety of the
Goths in the sacking of Rome, iv. 125.
Approves the persecution of the Do-
natists of Africa, 218. His death, cha-
racter, and writings, 221. History of
his relics, vii. 185. note.
Augustulus, son of the patrician Orestes,
is chosen emperor of the West, iv. 360.
Is deposed by Odoacer, 361. His ba-
nishment to the Lucullan villa in Cam-
pania, 364.

Agustus, emperor, his moderate exercise
of power, i. 2. Is imitated by his suc-
cessors, 3. His naval regulations, 20.
His division of Gaul, 22. His situation
after the battle of Actium, 67. He re-

forms the senate, 68. Procures a se-
natorial grant of the Imperial dignity,
69. D vision of the provinces between
him and the senate, 72 Is allowed
his military command and guards in
the city of Rome, ib. Obtains the con-
sular and tribunitian offices for life, 73.
His character and policy, 80. Adopts
Tiberius, 83. Formed an accurate re-
gister of the revenues and expenses of
the empire, 178. Taxes instituted by
him, 180. His naval establishments
at Ravenna, iv. 51.
Augustus and Cæsar, those titles explain-

ed and discriminated, i. 79.
Avienus, his character and embassy from
Valentinian HI. to Attila king of the
Huns, iv. 296.

Avignon, the holy see how transferred
from Rome to that city, yiii 202.

Re-

turn of Pope Urban V. to Rome, 239.
Avitus, his embassy from Etius to Theo-
doric king of the Visigoths, iv. 282.
Assumes the empire, 314. His depo-
sition and death, 319.

Aurelian, emperor, his birth and services,
i. 328. His expedition against Pal.
myra, 343. His triumph, 349. His
cruelty, and death, 354, 355.
Aurengzebe, account of his immense
camp, i. 232. note.

Aureolus is invested with the purple on
the Upper Danube, i. 318.
Ausonius, the tutor of the emperor Gra-
tian, his promotions, ii. 387. note.
Autharis, king of the Lombards in Italy,
his wars with the Franks, v. 401 His
adventurous gallantry, 408.
Autun, the city of, stormed and plunder-
ed by the legions in Gaul, 1. 339.
Auvergne, province and city of, in Gaul,
revolutions of, iv. 455.

Auxiliaries, Barbarian, fatal consequen.

ces of their admission into the Roman
armies, ii. 265.

Aruch, a Turkish slave, his generous
friendship to the princess Anne Com-
nena, vi. 134. And to Manuel Com.
nenus, 135.

Azimuntium, the citizens of, defend their
privileges against Peter, brother of the
Eastern emperor Maurice, v. 441.
Azimus, remarkable spirit by the citi.
zens of, against Attila and his Huns,
iv. 250.

B.

Baalbec, description of the ruins of, vi.
343.

Babylas, St. bishop of Antioch, his post-
humous history, iii. 161.

Begaude, in Gaul,revolt of, its occasion,
and suppression by Maximian, i. 400.
Bugdad becomes the royal residence of
the Abbassides, vi. 430. Derivation

of the name, 431. note. The fallen
state of the caliphs of. 462. The city
of, stormed and sacked by the Moguls,
vii. 461.

Bahram, the Persian general, his charac
ter and exploits, v. 426. Is provoked
to rebellion, 429. Dethrones Chosroes,
432. His usurpation and death. 433.
Baian, chagan of the Avars, his pride,
policy, and power, v. 436. His perfi-
dious seizure of Sirmium and Singidu-
num, 438. His conquests, 439. His
treacherous attempt to seize the em-
peror Heraclius, 459. Invests Constan-
tinople in conjunction with the Per-
sians, 470. Retires, 472.

Bajazet I sultan of the Turks, his reign,
vii. 480. His correspondence with Ta-
merlane, viii 11. Is defeated and cap.
tured by Tamerlane, 19 Inquiry into
the story of the iron cage, 20. His
sons, 31..

Balbinus elected joint emperor with Ma
ximus, by the senate, on the deaths of
the two Gordians, i. 201.
Baldwin, count of Flanders, engages in
the fourth crusade, vií. 314. Is chosen
emperor of Constantinople, 350. Is
taken prisoner by Calo John, king of
the Bulgarians, 360. His death, 361.
Baldwin II. emperor of Constantinople,
vii. 368 His distresses and expedi
ents, 370. His expulsion from that
city, 377.

Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon,
accompanies him on the first crusade,
vii. 211. Founds the principality of
Edessa, 232.

Baltic Sea, progressive subsidence of the
water of, i. 240. note. How the Ro-
mans acquired a knowledge of the na
val powers of, iii. 277. note.
Baptism, theory and practice of, among
the primitive Christians, ii. 411.
Barbary, the name of that country,
whence derived, vi. 382. note. The
Moors of, converted to the Mahome.
tan faith, 403.
Barbatio, general of the infantry in Gaul

under Julian, his misconduct, ii. 375.
Barchochebas, his rebellion against the
emperor Hadrian, ii. 141.
Bards, Celtic, their power of exciting a
martial enthusiasm in the people, i.
260.

Bards, British, their peculiar office and
duties, iv. 480.

Buri, is taken from the Saracens by the

joint efforts of the Latin and Greek
empires, vii. 102.
Barlaam, a Calabrian monk, his dispute
with the Greek theologians about the
light of mount' habor, vii. 442. His
embassy to Rome, from Adronicus
the younger, viii. 44. His literary

character, 79.
Basil I. the Macedonian, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 108. Reduces the
Paulicians, vii. 58.

Basil II. emperor of Constantinople, vi.
121. His great wealth, vii. 14. His
inhuman treatment of the Bulgarians,
73.

Basil, archbishop of Cæsarea, no evidence

of his having been persecuted by the
emperor Valens, iii. 264. Insults his
friend Gregory Nazianzen, under the
appearance of promotion, 399. The
father of the monks of Pontus, iv.
375.

Basiliscus, brother of the empress Verina

is entrusted with the command of the
armament sent against the Vandals in
Africa, iv. 344 His fleet destroyed
by Genseric, 345. His promotion to
the empire, and death, v. 4.
Bassianus, high priest of the sun, his
parentage, i. 159. Is proclaimed em-
peror at Emesa, ibid. See Elaga-

balus.

Bassianus, brother-in-law to Constantine
revolts against him, ii. 42.

Bassora, its foundation and situation, vi.
319.

Baths, public, of Rome described, iv.

103.

Batne, reception of the emperor Julian
there, ini. 183.

Beasts, wild, the variety of, introduced
in the circus, for the public games at
Rome, i. 387.

Beausobre, M. de, character of his His-
toire Critique du Manicheisme, vi. 2.

note.

Beber, battle of, between Mahomet and
the Koreish of Mecca, vi. 273.
Bedoweens of Arabia, their mode of life,
vi. 223

Bees, remarks on the structure of their
combs and cells, vi. 435. note.
Belisarius, his birth and military promo-
tion, v. 116. Is appointed by Justinian
to conduct the African war, 118. Em-
barkation of his troops, 121 Lands
in Africa, 123. Defeats Gelimer, 126.
Is received into Carthage, 127. Se-
cond defeat of Gelimer, 132. Reduc-
tion of Africa, 134. Surrender of Ge-
limer, 139. His triumphant return to
Constantinople, 140. Is declared sole

consul, 141. He menaces the Ostro-
goths of Italy, 147. He seizes Sicily,
151. Invades Italy, 156. Takes Na-
ples, 158. He enters Rome, 161. He
is besieged in Rome by the Goths, ibid.
The siege raised, 176. Causes Con-
stantine, one of his generals, to be kil-
led, 177. Siege of Ravenna, 181
Takes Ravenna by stratagem, 184.
Returns to Constantinople, 185. His
charater and behaviour, 186. Scan-
dalous life of his wife Antonina, 187.
His disgrace and submission, 192. Is
sent into the East to oppose Chosroes
king of Persia, 225. His politic re-
ception of the Persian ambassadors.
227. His second campaign in Italy.
257. His ineffectual attempt to raise
the siege of Rome, 260. Dissuades
Totila from destroying Rome, 263.
Recovers the city, 264. His final re
cal from Italy, 266. Rescues Constan-
tinople from the Bulgarians, 288. His
disgrace and death, 289.

Benefice, in feudal language, explained,
iv. 452.

Benevento, battle of, between Charles of
Anjou, and Mainfroy the Sicilian usur-
per, vii. 410.

Beneventum, anecdotes relating to the
siege of, vii. 105.

Benjamin of Tudela, his account of the
riches of Constantinople, vii. 13.
Berea, of Aleppo, reception of the em
peror Julian there, iii. 183.
Bernard, St. his character and influence
in promoting the second crusade, vii.
266. His character of the Romans,
viii. 177

Berytus, account of the law school esta-
blished there, i:. 255. Is destroyed by
an earthquake, v. 297.

Bernier, his account of the camp of Au-
rengzebe, i 232. note.

Oc-

Bessarion, cardinal, his character,viii.85.
Bessus, governor of Rome for Justinian,
his rapacity during the siege of that
city by Totila the Goth, v. 259.
casions the loss of Rome, 261.
Bezubde, is taken and garrisoned by Sa-
por king of Persia, ii. 366. Is inef
fectually besieged by Constantius,
367.

Bindoes, a Sassanian prince, deposes Hor.
mouz king of Persia, v. 429.
Birthright, the least invidious of all hu-
man distinctions, i. 188.
Bishops, among the primitive Christians,
the office of, explained, ii. 103.
Pro-
gress of episcopal authority, 105. As
sumed dignity of episcopal govern
ment, 117.

Number of, at the time of Constan-
tine the Great, ii. 419. Mode of their
election, 420. Their power of ordina-
tion, 422. The ecclesiastical revenue
of each diocese how divided, 426.
Their civil jurisdiction, 427. Their
spiritual censures, 429. Their legis-
lative assemblies, 433.
Bishops, rural, their rank and duties, ii.
420.

Bissextile, superstitious regard for this
year by the Romans, iii. 242.
Bithynia, the cities of, plundered by the
Goths, i. 296.

Blemyes, their revolt against the emperor
Diocletian, i. 409.

Boccace, his literary character, viii. 81.
Boethius, the learned senator of Rome,
his history, v. 31. His imprisonment
and death, 35.

Bohemond, the son of Robert Guiscard,

his character and military exploits, vii.
135.214. His route to Constantinople
on the crusade, 219. His flattering
reception by the emperor Alexius
Comnenus, 223. Takes Antioch and
obtains the principality of it, 235. His
subsequent transactions and death,

257.

Boniface, St. his history, ii. 209.
Boniface, count, the Roman general un-

der Valentinian III. his character, iv.
212. Is betrayed into a revolt by
Etius, 213. His repentance, 219. Is
besieged in Hippo Regius by Genseric
king of the Vandals, 221. Returns to
Italy, and is killed by Etius, 224.
Boniface VIII. pope, his violent contest
with Philip the Fair, king of France,
and his character, viii. 200. Institutes
the Jubilee, 203.

Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, is cho-
sen general of the fourth crusade to
the Holy Land, vii. 319. Is made
king of Macedonia, 353. Is killed by
the Bulgarians, 362.

Bosphorus, revolutions of that king-

dom, i. 293. Is seized by the Goths,
294. The strait of, described, ii.

Bretagne, the province of, in France, set-
tled by Britons, iv. 475.
Britain, reflections on the conquest of,
by the Romans, i. 4. Description
of, 23. Colonies planted in, 41. note.
A colony of Vandals settled there by
Probus, i. 374. Revolt of Carausius,
402.

How first peopled, iii. 279. Inva.
sions of, by the Scots and Picts, 282.
Is restored to peace by Theodosius,

284.

-, Revolt of Maximus there, iii. 390.
Revolt of the troops there against Ho
norius, iv. 65. Is abandoned by the
Romans, 159. State of, until the ar-
rival of the Saxons, 160. Descent of
the Saxons on, iv. 381. Establish-
ment of the Saxon heptarchy, 470.
Wars in, 473. Saxon devastation of
the country, 477 Manners of the in-
dependent Britons, 480. Description
of, by Procopius, 483.
Britain, conversion of the Britons by a
mission from pope Gregory the Great,
v. 417. The doctrine of the incarna-
tion recived there, vi. 50.

Brutus the Trojan, his colonisation of
Britain, now given up by intelligent
historians, ii. 279, note.

Buffon, M. his extraordinary burning.
mirrors, v. 82. note.

Bulgarians, their character, v. 199, 200.
Their inroads on the Eastern empire,
201. Invasion of, under Zabergan,
286. Repulsed by Belisarius, 288.

, The kingdom of, destroyed by Ba
sil II. the Greek emperor, vi. 121.
vii. 72.

Revolt of, from the Greek empire,
and submission to the pope of Rome,
vii. 310. War with the Greeks under
Calo-John, 358.

Bull-feast, in the Coliseum at Rome, de-
scribed, viii. 276.

Burgundians, their settlement on the
Elbe, and maxims of government, iii.
274. Their settlement in Gaul, iv. 156.
Limits of the kingdom of, under Gun.
dobald, 429. Are subdued by the
Franks, 433.

Burnet, character of his Sacred Theory
of the Earth, ii. 85. note.
Burrampooter, source of that river, vijj.

10. note.

Busir, in Egypt, four several places

known under this name, vi. 428. note.
Buzurg, the philosophical preceptor of
Hormouz king of Persia, his high re-
putation, v. 425. note.

Byzantine historians, list and character
of, viii. 167. note.

Byzantium, siege of, by the emperor Se-
verus, i. 134. Is taken by Maximin,
ii. 38. Siege of, by Constantine the
Great, 53. Its situation described,
220. By whom founded, 221. note. See
Constantinople.

C

Caaba, or temple of Mecca, described,
vi. 238. The idols in, destroyed by
Mahomet, 280.

Cabades, king of Persia, besieges and
takes Amida, v. 100. Seizes the
straits of Caucasus, 102. Vicissitudes
of his reign, 213.
Cadesia, battle of, between the Saracens
and the Persians, vi. 317.
Cadijah, her marriage with Mahomet,
vi. 244. Is converted by him to his
new religion, 263. Her death, 266.
Mahomet's veneration for her memo-
ry, 293.

Cacilian, the peace of the church in
Africa disturbed by him and his party,
iii. 3.

Cacilius, the authority of his account of
the famous vision of Constantine the
Great, inquired into, ii. 403.
Calestian, senator of Carthage, his dis-
tress on the taking of that city by
Genseric, iv. 227.
Caesar, Julius, his inducement to the
conquest of Britain, i. 4. Degrades
the senatorial dignity, 68. note. As-
sumes a place among the tutelar dei-
ties of Rome, in his lifetime, 78. His
address in appeasing a military sedi-
tion, 175. note. His prudent applica-
tion of the coronary gold presented to
him, ii. 285.

Casar and Augustus, those titles explain-
ed and discriminated, i. 79.
Cesars of the emperor Julian, the philo-
sophical fable of that work delineated,
iii. 173.

Casarea, capital of Cappadocia, taken by
Sapor king of Persia, i. 305. Is re-
duced by the Saracens, vi. 353.
Cahina, queen of the Moors of Africa,
her policy to drive the Arabs out of
the country, vi. 383.

Cairoan, the city of, founded in the king.
dom of Tunis, vi. 380.
Caled, deserts from the idolatrous Arabs
to the party of Mahomet, vi. 279. His
gallant conduct at the battle of Muta,
283. His victories under the caliph
Abubeker, 316. Attends the Saracen
army on the Syrian expedition, 329.
His valour at the siege of Damascus,

331. Distinguishes himself at the bat-
tle of Aiznadin, 334. His cruel treat.
ment of the refugees from Damascus,
340. Joins in plundering the fair of
Abyla, 342. Commands the Sara-
cens at the battle of Yermuk, 346. His
death, 355.

Caledonia, and its ancient inhabitants, de-
scribed, iii. 280.

Caledonian war, under the emperor Seve-

rus, an account of, i. 144.

Caliphs of the Saracens, character of, vi.
312. Their rapid conquests, 314. Ex-
tent and power of, 407. Triple divi-
sion of the office, 430. They patronise
learning, 434. Decline and fall of their
empire, 458. vii. 460.

Callinicum, the punishment of a religious
sedition in that city, opposed by St.
Ambrose, iii. 433.

Callinicus of Heliopolis, assists in de-
fending Constantinople against the Sa-
racens, by his chemical inflammable
compositions, vi. 417.

Calmucks, black, recent emigration of,
from the confines of Russia to those in
China, iii. 334.

Calo-John, the Bulgarian chief, his war
with Baldwin, the Latin emperor of
the Greeks, vii. 358. Defeats, and
takes him prisoner, 360.
His savage
character and death, 363.
Calocerus, a camel-driver, excites an in-
surrection in the island of Cyprus, ii.

302.
Calphurnius, the machinery of his eclogue
on the accession of the emperor Carus,
i. 381.

Calvin, the reformer, his doctrine of the

Eucharist, vii. 64. Examination of
his conduct to Servetus, 65.
Camel, of Arabia, described, vi. 225.
Camisards of Languedoc, their enthusi
asm compared with that of the Cir-
cumcellions of Numidia, iii. 70.
Campania, the province of, desolated by
the ill policy of the Roman emperors,
ii. 280. Description of the Lucullan
villa in, iv. 365.

Canada, the present climate and circum-
stances of, compared with those of an-
cient Germany, i. 242.

Cannon, enormous one of the sultan Ma-
homet II. described, viii. 130. Bursts,
138.

Canoes, Russian, a description of, vii. 90.
Cantacuzene, John, character of his Greek
History, vii. 425. His good fortune
under the younger Andronicus, 432.
Is driven to assume the purple, 435.
His lively distinction between foreign
and civil war, 436. His entry into