Loves of Chareas and Callirhoe: however, his emoluments would scarcely furnish him with salt, not to speak of victuals. He sold his few books. A licentiate in divinity, one Sonntag, took pity on his houselessness, and shared a garret with him; where, as there was no unoccupied bed, Heyne slept on the floor, with a few folios for his pillow. So fared he as to lodging in regard to board, he gathered empty pease-cods, and had them boiled; this was not unfrequently his only meal.-O, ye poor naked wretches! what would Bishop Watson say to this? -At length, by dint of incredible solicitations, Heyne, in the autumn of 1753, obtained, not his secretaryship, but the post of underclerk (copist) in the Brühl Library, with one hundred thalers of salary; a sum barely sufficient to keep in life, which, indeed, was now a great point with him. In such sort was this young scholar'taken care of.'

6

Nevertheless, it was under these external circumstances that he first entered on his proper career, and forcibly made a place for himself among the learned men of his day. In 1574, he prepared his edition of Tibullus, which was printed next year at Leipsic; a work said to exhibit remarkable talent, inasmuch as the rudiments of all those excellences, by which Heyne afterwards became distinguished as a commentator on the classics, are more or less apparent in it.' The most illustrious Henry Count von Brühl, in spite of the dedication, paid no regard to this Tibullus; as indeed Germany at large paid little; but, in another country, it fell into the hands of Rhunken, where it was rightly estimated, and lay waiting, as in due season appeared, to be the pledge of better fortune for its author.

Meanwhile the day of difficulty for Heyne was yet far from past. The profits of his Tibullus served to cancel some debts; on the strength of his hundred thalers, the spindle of Clotho might still keep turning, though languidly; but, ere long, new troubles arose. His superior in the library was one Rost, a poetaster, atheist, and gold-maker, who corrupted his religious principles, and plagued him with caprices: Over the former evil, Heyne at length triumphed, and became a rational Christian; but the latter was an abiding grievance; not, indeed, for ever, for it was removed by a greater. In 1756, the Seven Years' War broke out; Frederick advanced towards Dresden, animated with especial fury against Brühl; whose palaces accordingly were in a few months reduced to ashes, as his 70,000

*Albii Tibulli quæ extant Carmina, Novis curis castigata. Illustrissimo Domino Henrico Comiti de Bruhl inscripta. Lipsia, 1755.

splendid volumes were annihilated by fire and by water, and all his domestics and dependants turned to the street without appeal.

Heyne had lately been engaged in studying Epictetus, and publishing, ad fidem Codd. Muspt., an edition of his Enchiridion;t from which, quoth Heeren, his great soul had acquired much stoical nourishment. Such nourishment never comes wrong in life; and, surely, at this time, Heyne had need of it all. However, he struggled as he had been wont; translated pamphlets, sometimes wrote newspaper articles; eat when he had wherewithal, and resolutely endured when he had not. By and by, Rabener, to whom he was a little known, offered him a tutorship in the family of a Herr von Schöuberg, which Heyne, not without reluctance, accepted. Tutorships were at all times his aversion; his rugged plebian proud spirit made business of that sort grievous but want stood over him, like an armed man, and was not to be reasoned with.

Theresa, in this narrative, appears to us a noble, interesting being; noble not in sentiment only, but in action and suffering; a fair flower trodden down by misfortune, but yielding, like flowers, only the sweeter perfume for being crushed, and which it would have been a blessedness to raise up and cherish into free growth. Yet, in plain prose, we must question whether the two were happier than others in their union; both were quick of temper: she was all a heavenly light, he in good part a terrestrial mass, which perhaps she could never wholly illuminate; the balance of the love seems to have lain much on her side. Nevertheless, Heyne was a steadfast, true, and kindly, if no ethereal man; he seems to have loved his wife honestly; and so amid light and shadow they made their pilgrimage together, if not better than other mortals, not worse, which was to have been feared.

Neither, for the present, did the pressure of distress weigh heavier on either than it had done before. He worked diligently, as he found scope, for his old Mæcenases, the Booksellers; the war-clouds grew lighter, or at least the young pair better used to them; friends also, were kind, often assisting and hospitably entertaining them.

*One rich cargo, on its way to Hamburg, sank in the Elbe; another still more valuable portion had been, for safety, deposited in a vault, through which passed certain pipes of artificial water-works; these the cannon broke, and, when the vault came to be opened, all was reduced to pulp and mould. The bomb-shells burnt the remainder.

+ Lipsiæ, 1756. brary.

The Codices, or rather the Codex, was in Brühl's li

But better days were dawning. On our return to Dresden,' says Heyne, I learned that inquiries had been made after me from Hanover; I knew not for what reason.' The reason by and by came to light. Gessner, Professor of Eloquence in Gottingen, was dead and a successor was wanted. These things, it would appear, cause difficulties in Hanover, which in many other places are little felt. But the Prime Minister Münchausen had as good as founded the Georgia Augusta himself; and he was wont to watch over it with singular anxiety. The noted and notorious Klotz was already there, as assistant to Gessner, but his beautiful latinity,' says Heeren, ' did not dazzle Münchausen; so Klotz, with his pugnacity, was not thought of.' The Minister applied to Ernesti for advice: Ernesti knew of no fit men in Germany, but recommended Rhunken of Leyden, or Saxe of Utrecht. Rhunken refused to leave his country, and added these words: But why do you seek out of Germany, what Germany itself offers you? why not, for Gessner's successor, take Christian Gottlob Heyne, that true pupil of Ernesti, and man of fine talent, (excellenti virum ingenio,) who has shown how much he knows of Latin literature by his Tibullus; of Greek, by his Epictetus? In my opinion, and that of the greatest Hemsterhuis (Hemsterhusii tov лávu,) Heyne is the only one that can replace your Gessner. Nor let any one tell me that Heyne's fame is not sufficiently illustrious and extended. Believe me, there is in this man such a richness of genius and learning, that ere long, all Europe will ring with his praises.'

This courageous and generous verdict of Rhunken's, in favor of a person as yet little known to the world, and to him known only by his writings, decided the matter. 'Münchausen,' says our Heeren, believed in the boldly prophesying man.' Not without difficulty Heyne was unearthed; and after various excuses on account of incompetence on his part, for he had lost all his books and papers in the siege of Dresden, and sadly forgotten his Latin and Greek in so many tumults, and various prudential negotiations about dismission from the Saxon service, and salary, and privilege in the Hanoverian, he at length formally received his appointment; and some three months after, in June, 1763, settled in Gottingen, with an official income of eight hundred thalers, which, it appears, was by several additions, in the course of time, increased to twelve hundred.

Here then had Heyne at last got to land. His long life was henceforth as quiet, and fruitful in activity and comfort, as the past period of it had been desolate and full of sorrows. He never left Gottingen, though frequently invited to do so, and

sometimes with highly tempting offers; but continued in his place, busy in his vocation; growing in influence, in extent of connexion at home and abroad; till Rhunken's prediction might almost be reckoned fulfilled to the letter; for Heyne in his own department was without any equal in Europe.

However, his history, from this point, even because it was so happy for himself, must lose most of its interest for the general reader. Heyne has now become a professor, and a regularly progressive man of learning; has a fixed househould, his rents and comings in; it is easy to fancy how that man might flourish in calm sunshine of prosperity, whom in adversity we saw growing in spite of every storm. Of his proceedings in Gottingen, his reform of the Royal Society of Sciences, his editing of the Gelehrte Anzeigen (Gazette of Learning,) his exposition of the classics from Virgil to Pindar, his remodelling of the library, his passive quarrels with Voss, his armed neutrality with Michaelis; of all this we must say little. The best fruit of his endeavors lies before the world, in a long series of works, which among us, as well as elsewhere, are known and justly appreciated. On looking over them, the first thing that strikes us is astonishment at Heyne's diligence; which, considering the quantity and quality of his writings, might have appeared singular even in one who had been without other duties. Yet Heyne's office involved him in the most laborious researches: he wrote letters by the hundred to all parts of the world, and on all conceivable subjects; he had three classes to teach daily; he appointed professors, for his recommendation was all-powerful; superintended schools; for a long time the inspection of the Freytische was laid on him, and he had cooks' bills to settle, and hungry students to satisfy with his purveyance. Besides all which he accomplished, in the way of publication, as follows:

In addition to his Tibullus and Epictetus, the first of which went through three, the second through two editions, each time with large extensions and improvements:

His Virgil, (P. VIRGILIUS MARO Varietate Lectionis et perpetua Annotatione illustratus,) in various forms, from 1767 to 1803; no fewer than six editions.

His Pliny, (Ex C. PLINII SECUNDI Historia Naturali excerpta, quæ ad Artes spectant;) two editions, 1790, 1811.

*He was invited successively to be Professor at Cassel, and at Klosterbergen; to be Librarian at Dresden; and, most flattering of all, to be Prokanzler in the University of Copenhagen, and virtual Director of Education over all Denmark. He had a struggle on this last occasion, but the Georgia Augusta again prevailed. Some increase of salary usually follows such refusals; it did not in this case.

His Apollodorus, (APOLLODORI Atheniensis Bibliothecæ Libri tres, &c. ;) two editions, 1787, 1803.

His Pindar, (PINDARI Carmina, cum Lectionis Varietate, curavit Ch. G. H.) three editions, 1774, 1797, 1798, the last wtih the Scholia, the Fragments, a Translation, and Hermann's Enq. De Metris.

His Conon and Parthenius, (CONONIS Narrationes et PARTHENII Narrationes amatoriæ,) 1798.

And lastly his Homer, (HOMERI ILIAS, cum brevi Annotatione ;) 8 volumes, 1802; and a second, contracted edition, in 2 volumes, 1804.

Next, almost a cartload of Translations of which we shall mention only his version, (said to be with very important improvements,) of our Universal History, by Guthrie and Gray.

Then some ten or twelve thick volumes of Prolusions, Eulogies, Essays; treating of all subjects, from the French Directoral to the Chest of Cyprolus. Of these, six volumes are known in a separate shape, under the title of Opuscula: and contain some of Heyne's most valuable writings.

And lastly, to crown the whole with one most surprising item, seven thousand five hundred (leeren says from seven to eight thousand) Reviews of Books, in the Göttingen Gelehrte Anzeigen! Here of itself was work for a lifetime!

To expect that elegance of composition should prevail in these multifarious performances were unreasonable enough. Heyne wrote very indifferent German; and his Latin, by much the more common vehicle in his learned works, flowed from him with a copiousness which could not be Ciceronian. At the same time these volumes are not the folios of a Montfaucon, not mere classical ore and slag, but regularly melted metal, for most part exhibiting the essence, and only the essence of very great research, and enlightened by a philosophy, which, if it does not always wisely order its results, has looked far and deeply in collecting them.

To have performed so much, evinces on the part of Heyne no little mastership in the great art of husbanding time. Heeren gives us sufficient details on this subject; explains Heyne's adjustment of his hours and various occupations; how he rose at five o'clock, and worked all the day, and all the year, with the regularity of a steeple-clock; nevertheless, how patiently he submitted to interruptions from strangers, or extraneous business; how briefly, yet smoothly, he contrived to despatch such interruptions; how his letters were indorsed when they came to hand; and lay in a special drawer till they were answered: nay, we have a description of his whole locality,' his bureau and book-shelves and port folios, his very bed and strong box are