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both of his owne, and other men's doinges, what tongue soever he doth use.

The waie is this. After the three concordances learned, as I touched before, let the master read unto him the Epistles of Cicero, gathered togither and chosen out by Sturmius, for the capacitie of children.

First, let him teach the children, cherefullie and plainlie, the cause and matter of the letter: then let him construe it into English so oft, as the childe may easilie carrie awaie the understanding of it: lastlie, parse it over perfitelie. This done thus, let the childe, by and by, both construe and parse it over againe; so that it may appear, that the childe doubteth in nothing that his master taughte him before. After this, the childe must take a paper booke, and, sitting in some place, where no man shall prompte him, by himself, let him translate into Englishe his former lesson. Then shewing it to his master, let the master take from him his Latin booke, and, pausing an houre at the least, then let the child translate his own Englishe into Latine againe, in an other paper booke. When the childe bringeth it, turned into Latin, the master must compare it with Tullie's booke, and laie them both togither: and when the childe doth well either in chosing, or true placing of Tullie's wordes let the master praise him, and saie, "Here ye do well." For I assure you, there is no such whetstone, to sharpen a good witte, and encourage a will to learninge, as is praise.

But if the childe misse, either in forgetting a worde, or in chaunging a good with a worse, or misordering the sentence, I would not have the master either frowne or chide with him, if the childe have done his diligence, and used no trowardship therein. For I know, by good experience, that a childe shall take more profit of two faultes gentlie warned of, than of four things rightlie hitte. For then the master shall have good reason to saie unto him, "Tullie would have used such a word, not this; Tullie would have placed this worde here, not there; would have used this case, this number, this person, this degree, this gender; he would have used this moode, this tense, this simple rather than this compound; this adverbe here, not there; he would have ended this sentence with this verbe, not with that nowne or participle," &c. In these few lines I have wrapped up the most tedious part of grammar, and also the ground of almost all

the rules that are so busielie taught by the master, and so hardlie learned by the scholar, in all common scholes; which, after this sort, the master shall teach without all error, and the scholer shall learne without great paine, the master being led by so sure a guide, and the scholer being brought into so plaine and easie a waie. And therefore we do not contemne rules, but we gladlie teache rules; and teach them more plainlie, sensiblie, and orderlie, than may be commonly taught in common scholes. For when the master shall compare Tullie's booke with his scholer's translation, let the master, at the first, lead and teach his scholer to joine the rules of his grammar booke with the examples of his present lesson, untill the scholer, by himselfe, be able to fetch out of his grammar every rule for every example; so as the grammar booke be ever in the scholars hand, and also used of him as a dictionarie for every present use. This is a lively and perfite waie of teaching of rules; where the common waie, used in common scholes, to read the grammar alone by itselfe, is tedious for the master, hard for the scholer, colde and uncomfortable for them both. Let the scholer be never afraid to ask you any doubt, but use discretelie the best allurementes you can, to encourage him to the same, lest his over much fearinge drive him to seeke some misorderlie shifte; as to seeke to be helped by some other booke, or to be promted by some other scholer, and so go about to beguile you much, and himself more.

With this waie of good understanding the matter, plaine construinge, diligent parsinge, dailie translatinge, cheerful admonishinge, and heedefull amendinge of faultes; never leavinge behinde juste praise for well doinge, I would have the scholer brought up withall, till he had read and translated over the first booke of the Epistles chosen out by Sturmius, with a good piece of a comedie of Terence also.

As you see your scholar to goe better and better on awaie, first with understanding his lesson more quicklie, with parsinge more readilie, with translatinge more spedilie and perfitlie than he was wonte; after giving him longer lessons to translate, and, withall, begin to teach him, both in nownes and verbes, what is Proprium, and what is Translatum; which Synonymum, what Diversum; which be Contraria, and which be most notable Phrases in all his lecture. As,

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Inimicus, hostis.

Acerbum et luctuosum bellum,

Dulcis et læta pax.

S Dare verba.

Abjicere obedientiam.

Your scholar then must have the third paper booke; in the which, after he has done his double translation, let him write, after this sort, four of those forenamed six, diligentlie marked out of every lesson.

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Or else three, or two, if there be no more; and if there be none of these at all in some lecture, yet not omitte the order, but write these:

S Diversa nulla,

Contraria nulla, &c.

This diligent translating, joined with this heedeful marking, in the foresaid epistles, and afterwards in some plaine oration of Tullie, as Pro lege Manilia, Pro Archia Poeta, or in those three Ad C. Col. shall worke such a right choice of words, so streight a framing of sentences, such a true judgment, oth to write skilfullie, and speake wittelie, as wise men shall both praise and marvell at.

If your scholar does misse sometimes, in marking rightlie these foresaid six things, chide not hastilie, for that shall both dull his witte, and discourage his diligence, but monish him gentlie; which shall make him both willing to amende, and glad to go forward in love and hope of learning.

After that your scholer, as I sayd before, shall come indeede, first to a readie perfitness in translating, then to a ripe and skilfull choice in marking out hys sixe points: as,

(1. Proprium,

2. Translatum,
3. Synonymum,
4. Contrarium,
5. Diversum,
6. Phrases.

Then take this order with him, read dayly unto him some booke of Tullie; as the third booke of epistles chosen out by Sturmius; de Amicitia, de Senectute, or that excellent. epistle, containyng almost the whole first booke, ad Fratrem ; some comedie of Terence, or Plautus. But in Plautus, skilfull choice must be used by the master, to traine his scholer to a judgment, in cutting out perfitelie over old and unproper wordes. Cæsars Commentaries are to be read with all curiositie, wherein specially (without all exception to be made either by friend or foe) is seene the unspotted proprietie of the Latin tonge, even when it was at the highest pitch of all perfitenesse; or some orations of T. Livius, such as be both longest and plainest.

These bookes I would have him read now a good deale at every lecture; for he shall now use daily translations, but only construe againe, and parse, where ye suspect is any nede yet let him not omitte in these bookes his former exercise, in marking diligentlie, and writyng orderlie out his six pointes and for translating, use you yourselfe, every second or thyrd day, to chose out some epistle ad Atticum, some notable common place out of his orations, or some other part of Tullie, by your discretion, which your scholer may not know where to find; and translate you yourselfe, into plaine naturall English; and then give him to translate into Latin againe, allowing him good space and tyme, to do it both with diligent heede, and good advisement.

Here his witte shall be new set on worke; his judgement, for right choice, trewlie tried; his memorie, for sure reteyning, better exercised, than by learnyng anything without the booke; and here how much he hath profited, shall plainlie appeare. When he bringeth it translated unto you, bring you forth the place of Tullie; lay them together, compare

the one with the other; commend his good choice, and right placing of wordes; shew his faultes gently, but blame them not sharply; for of such missings, gentlie admonished of, procedeth glad and good heed taking; of good heed taking springeth chiefly knowledge, which after groweth to perfitnesse, if this order be diligently used by the scholer, and jently handled by the master. For here shall all the hard

pointes of grammar, both easilie and surelie be learned up; which scholars in common scholes, by making of Latines, be groping at, with care and feare, and yet in many years they scarce can reach unto them.

I remember, when I was young, in the north they went to the grammar schole little children; they came from thence great lubbers, always learnyng, and little profiting; learnyng without booke, every thing, understanding within the booke little or nothing. Their whole knowledge, by learning without the booke, was tied only to their tonge and lips, and never ascended up to the hair and head; and therefore was soon spitte out of the mouth againe. They were as men alwayes going, but ever out of the way. And why? For their whole labour, or rather great toile without order, was even vaine idlenesse without profit. Indeede they took paynes about learnyng, but employed small labour in learnyng; when by this way prescribed in this booke, being straight, plaine, and easie, the scholer is always labouring with pleasure, and ever going right on forward with proffit. Always labouring, I say; for, or he have construed, parsed, twice translated over by good advisement, marked out his six pointes by skilfull judgment, he shall have necessary occasion, to read over every lecture a dozen tymes at the least. Which because he shall do alwayes in order he shall do it alwayes with pleasure: "and pleasure allureth love, love hath lust to labor, alwayes obtaineth his purpose;" as most trewly both Aristotle in his Rhetoricke, and dipus in Sophocles do teach.

And this oft reading, is the verie right following of that good counsell, which Plinie doth give to his frende Fucas, saying, Multum, non multa. But to my purpose againe.

When by this diligent and spedie reading over those forenamed good bookes of Tullie, Terence, Cæsar, and Livie, and by this second kinde of translating out of your English, tyme shall breede skill, and use shall bring perfection: then

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