tion soon resumed their former course and character, and a dean was restored to the collegiate church of Westminster in the person of the learned and excellent Dr John Earle. The period while he enjoyed this station was very short, but it is represented as being zealously and unceasingly employed in advancing the prosperity of the church in all the various objects which it embraced. The school was not forgotten; indeed his care of the scholars forms one of many subjects of merited eulogium which compose his epitaph. From that time the establishment has undergone no special alteration; and the account which will now be given from public authority, must be considered as a correct description of the school from the reign of Charles II. to that of George III.

This school is not endowed with lands and possessions specifically appropriated to its own maintenance, but is attached to the general foundation of the collegiate church of Westminster, as far as relates to the support of forty scholars. It is under the care of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, and conjointly with the Dean of Christ-Church, Oxford, and the Master of Trinity, Cambridge, respecting the election of scholars to their several colleges. The boys on the foundation are denominated King's Scholars, from the royalty of their founders, and are in a state of collegiate association. They sleep in the dormitory, have their dinner in the hall, and may have other meals if they choose, which, from the inconvenience of the statutory hours, they seldom, if ever, claim. They are distinguished from the town-boys, who are very numerous, by a gown, cap, and college waistcoat, which are furnished by the college; but being of a coarse material, it is customary to clothe themselves with others of a better fabric, but in the same fashion. For education and any particular accommodations, they pay as the town-boys. Eight of them are generally elected, at the end of the fourth year, to Christ-Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge, according to an arrangement made by the Dean of the former and Master of the latter. They have studentships at Oxford, and scholarships at Cambridge. The former are worth from forty to sixty pounds per annum, but the latter are of small beneficial consideration.

The scholars are elected upon the foundation in the following manner, by which alone the election can be obtained: They propose themselves as candidates of the fourth and

fifth and shell forms, and are left to contend with each other in Latin and Greek, and particularly in grammatical questions and speaking Latin. Two boys will challenge for five hours together in grammar questions; and, at the end of eight weeks of constant challenge, the eight boys at head of the number are chosen according to vacancies; those who have presented themselves below the eight succeed, according to the next vacancies, the Head Master sitting as umpire. This contest occasions the situation of the king's scholars to be sought after by boys of all ranks and distinction; it becomes a ground-work of reputation, and incites a desire to obtain the election.

There are four boys, also, who are called Bishop's Boys; so denominated from their being established by Williams, Bishop of Lincoln. They are allowed a gratuitous education, and are distinguished by wearing a purple gown: they do not, however, live in the college, and have no other advantage except that already described, and an annual allowance, which is so small that it is not paid them while they are at school, but is suffered to accumulate till the period of their admission to St John's College, Cambridge; when, with some additions, it amounts to about twenty pounds a year for four years. These boys are nominated by the Dean and the Head Master.

The expense of the school, as it relates to forty foundation boys, or kings scholars, including the salaries of the Masters, varies according to circumstances, but does not exceed 12001. per annum. The collegiate salaries are 391. 6s. 8d. to the Upper, and 157. to the Under Master, with houses for their residence. What they receive individually from the scholars for instruction is a remuneration apart, with which the church has no concern. The annual payment to the Masters is different in different years. It is thirteen guineas the first year, which is the same for a town-boy or a king's scholar, ten guineas the next two years, and eight guineas the last year. The Assistant-Masters are not of collegiate institution, and are proportioned to the state of the school: their incomes also arise from the scholars.*

* Report from the select committee of the House of Commons appointed to inquire into the education, &c. &c. pp. 256, 445.

The Names and Times of the Head Masters of Westminster School.-1540 John Adams.-1543 Alexander Nowell. -1555 Nicholas Udall.-John Passey, at the latter end of Queen Mary's reign or the beginning of that of Queen Elizabeth, or between Nowell and Udal.-1563 John Randall.-1564 Thomas Browne.-1570 Francis Howlyn.-1572 Edward Grant.-1593 William Camden.*1599 Richard Ireland.-1610 John Wilson.-1622 Lambert Osbolstone.-1638 Richard Busby.†-1695 Thomas

On the western side of the south transept is the monument of WILLIAM CAMDEN. "He was the son of Sampson Camden, citizen and painter-stainer of London; was born in the Old Bailey, May 2, 1551; and received his education at Christ's Hospital and St Paul's School. In 1566 he was sent to Magdalen College, in Oxford, as a chorister, from whence he removed to Broadgate Hall, now Pembroke College, and in 1573 took his degree of Bachelor of Arts in that University. There his literary character and estimable qualities introduced him to the notice, gained him the favor, and secured him the friendship of Dr Goodman, Dean of this church, who encouraged him in his antiquarian pursuits, and by whose favor he was appointed, in_1575, Second Master of Westminster School. In 1586 he published in Latin, The History of the ancient Inhabitants of Britain, their origin, manners, and laws; a third edition of which work appeared in 1590, at which time he was presented to the prebend of Ilfracomb in the church of Salisbury, but without having taken holy orders, and he retained it till his death. In March, 1593, he became Head-Master of Westminster School; and in 1596 he was made Richmond Herald, and immediately after Clarencieux King at Arms. In the year 1600 he published his Catalogue of the Monuments of Westminster Abbey, and a new impression of his Britannia. In 1603 he published a collection of our ancient historians in Latin, and in the year following appeared his Remains concerning Britain, in quarto. In 1615 he printed his Annals of Queen Elizabeth. He died at Chiselhurst, in Kent, on Sunday, the 9th of November, 1623, aged seventy four, from which place he was carried to his house in Westminster, and, after lying in state for some days, his remains were brought to this church, where they were interred with great solemnity; the heralds and many of the nobility assisting at the ceremonial: his funeral sermon was preached by Dr Sutton, Prebendary of Westminster. He founded an History Professorship at Oxford and bequeathed his books and papers to Sir Robert Cotton."

The monument represents the bust of this learned man in the habit of his time, supported by a pedestal.

+ The monument of Dr BUSBY, that great scholar and celebrated instructor, appears against the wainscot of the choir, opposite the south transept, in the Abbey, and represents a recumbent figure of him in his clerical robes. The inscription seems to be the object of his attention.

En infra positam qualis hominum oculis obversabatur BUSBEII imaginem! Si eam quæ in animis altius insedit, ultra desideras; academiæ utriusque et fori lumina, aulæ, senatus atque ecclesiæ principes viros contemplare. Cumque satam ab illo ingeniorum messem, tam variam, tamque uberem lustraveris, quantus is esset, qui severit, cogita. Is certe erat qui insitam cuique à naturâ indolem et acuté perspexit, et exercuit commode, et feliciter promovit. Is erat qui adolescentium animos, ita docendo, finxit, aluit

Knipe.*-1711 Robert Friend.-1743 John Nichol.-1753 William Markham.-1764 John Hinchcliffe.-1764 Samuel Smith. 1788 William Vincent.+-1802 William Wingfield. -1803 William Cary.-1814 William Page.

CAMDEN, BUSBY, and KNIPE, were interred in the chruch of Westminster Abbey.

que, ut tam sapere discerent quam fari, dumpue pueri instituebantur sensim succrescerent viri. Quotquot illius disciplina penitus imbuti in publicum prodiere, tot adepta est monarchia tot ecclesia Anglicana propugnatores, fidos omnes plerosque strenuos. Quæcunque demum sit fama, SCHOLE WESTMONASTERIENSIS, quicquid inde ad homines fructus redundarit, BusBEIO maxime debetur, atque in omne porro ævum debebitur. Tam utilem patriæ civem, multis annis opibusque florere voluit Deus. Vicissim ille pietati promovendæ se et sua alacris devovit; pauperibus subvenire, literatos fovere, templa instaurare id illi erat divitiis frui: ethos in usus. Quidquid non erogarat vívus, legavit moriens. Scholæ Westmon. præfectus est 1640 Dec. 23. Obiit 1695, April 5.

In the south aisle is the monument of Dr KNIPE, whose tablet is supported by pilasters, and crowned with a sepulchral urn.

This learned, pious and venerable man was most intimately connected with this establishment from the age of seven years to the day of his death, with the interval only of five years, while he pursued his academical studies. Passing through every gradation in the school and collegiate foundation, he was thence elected scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1757. At the regular period he took his first degree in Arts, and was chosen a Fellow of his college; and soon after, in 1762, he returned to Westminster, as Usher or Assistatant in the school. In that capacity, he proceeded from the lowest to the highest situation, so justly approved by the patrons of the school, that, on the resignation of Dr Lloyd, the veteran Second Master, he was appointed to that office. In the same year he was nominated one of the Chaplains in ordinary to his Majesty.

The place of Second Master at Westminster School is a situation of much labor and responsibility. Besides the daily business of instruction, which, if not arduous, is at least fatiguing, the person who holds that office has the whole care and superintendence of the scholars on the foundation when out of school, that is, of forty boys, rapidly growing up into men, and annually removed, by elections of eight to ten, to the two Universities. Yet amid these continual and weighty duties, he was prosecuting those studies which gradually established his reputation at home as a scholar and a man of research, and finally extended his celebrity over the continent of Europe

In 1788 he became Head Master of Westminster School; but his church preferments were very confined, till, in 1801, he obtained, what he had long desired and so well deserved, a prebendal stall in the collegiate church of Westminster, of which, in the following year, he was appointed Dean. He died on the 21st of December, 1815, having exceeded by rather more than a month his seventysixth year.

His more distinguished publications, the fruits of his learned, indefatigable, and persevering studies, must now be mentioned.-A small tract in quarto, published in 1793, marked him to the learned world as a diligent investigator of historical facts, and an acute verbal critic. This publication

The COLLEGE HALL, which serves as a refectory for the king's scholars, was originally an apartment in the house of the abbot, and served that dignitary in a similar capacity. Nicholas Litlington, who succeeded Langham in the abbacy of this church, on the elevation of the latter to the see of Ely in 1362, built this hall, the Jerusalem Chamber, part of the abbot's house, now the deanery; the cellarer's, the infirmarer's, and the sacrist's houses; the malt-house, afterwards used as a dormitory for the king's scholars, and the adjoining tower, which was once the apartment of the Second Master; the wall of the infirmary garden, and a water-mill, whose dam has been filled up. He alsoffinished the south and west sides of the great cloisters. The site of the old hall was on the south side of the cloisters, the north wall of which is still remaining.*

Over a door in the first arch, but without the cloisters, is a range of brackets which supported the roof of the ancient hall, and below them are pointed windows that lighted it ;

is entitled "De Legione Manliana Quæstio ex Livio desumpta, et Rei militaris Romanæ studiosis proposita." Subjoined to it is what the author has termed, "An explanatory Translation in English." It is a sufficient testimony in favor of his interpretation, that it was approved by Heyne on the continent, and by Porson at home.

"The Origination of the Greek Verb, an Hypothesis," appeared in 1794; and was followed, in 1795, by "The Greek Verb analyzed, an Hypothesis; in which the source and structure of the Greek language is considered."

In 1797 he published his celebrated "Commentary on Arrian's Voyage of Nearchus" the fruit of long studious labor, superior acuteness of observation, and unwearied research. This learned and able work formed the principal basis of a reputation, which is not confined to his own country, as it will not be limited to his own age.

The first part of "The Periplus of the Erythrean Sea" was published in 1800, three years after the Nearchus. The second part of the Periplus, which completes the whole design, appeared in 1805 making a volume larger than the first. In a subsequent edition the three publications already mentioned were formed into two handsome volumes, with the general title of "The Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients in the Indian Ocean."

In 1802 he published "A Defence of Public Education," addressed to the Bishop of Meath, in answer to a charge annexed to his lordship's discourse preached at the anniversary meeting of the charity children at St Paul's. This publication attracted the attention of Lord Sidmouth, then Mr Addington, and at the head of his Majesty's government, to the various merits and prolonged public services of the author, who, without the least previous notice or expectation, was appointed by his Majesty, on the minister's unsolicited recommendation, to succeed Bishop Horsley as Dean of Westminster.

* Archives of the church.