and it is by these vestiges that the length of the ancient refectory can be determined, which appears to have been that of the cloister. Through this door the monks passed to their meals; and in the arch on the left are four lance-shaped niches, supposed to have been used as a lavatory. The keen and penetrating eye of the antiquary discovers even the marks where the rollers for the towels were inserted in the walls.

The SCHOOL is a spacious room, duly arranged for the important purposes to which it has been so long and continues to be so happily employed. It ranges behind the lower end of the eastern cloister, and above some of the most ancient parts of the Abbey.

East of the passage leading to the school is a long ancient building, whose basement story is roofed with semicircular groined arches, rising from pillars with handsome capitals : at the north end the regalia is said to have been formerly kept. At the eastern termination of the division is a complete altar-table, raised on two steps, which, of late years, has been erroneously called the tomb of Hugolin, with a curious piscina on its right side. The double doors were closed and fastened by seven locks, each lock a different key, and each key a different possessor. The upper story is used as the school room.

The DORMITORY is a spacious and elegant building, and was erected for the scholars on the foundation during the time when the celebrated Bishop Atterbury was Dean of Westminster. In the year 1708 Sir Edward Hannes, one of the physicians in ordinary to Queen Anne, as a mark of gratitude for the education which he received at this school, had left by his will a thousand pounds for that useful purpose. It was intended to raise this structure on the site of the ancient chamber, which was built about the year 1380, for the purpose of a granary when the place was a monastery, and had been erected on stone arches, of sufficient strength to support any new edifice. Sir Edward Hannes' legacy, however, was not competent to meet the estimated expense; and Bishop Sprat, then dean, does not appear to have paid much attention to the business. But Atterbury revived the project, and entered, with his usual activity, into the execution of it.

For this purpose, a memorial was presented by the chapter to George I. who gave a thousand pounds, to which the

Prince of Wales, afterwards George II. added five hundred pounds. The parliament also voted twelve hundred pounds; and William Maurice, Esquire, gave five hundred pounds, at the time he had leave from the church to dispose of his place of High Bailiff of Westminster. The west side of the college garden was at length chosen as a better situation for the new building, though not without a strong opposition, as the prebendaries were divided in equal numbers as to the fitness of the place, which was finally determined, according to Widmore, by the House of Lords. The Earl of Burlington gave such a design as might be expected from his superior taste and judgment in a science which had formed the principal amusement of his honorable life: it offers an example of that simple and chaste style of architecture which never fails to please. That nobleman also engaged to superintend the works; the expense of which amounted to about five thousand pounds.

In this building the Latin plays are annually represented by the king's scholars, when a part of it is fitted up as a commodious theatre. The appropriate scenery, contrived under the direction of Mr Garrick, was presented by a former Master of the school, Markham, the late Archbishop of York.

If the names of those eminent persons in every branch of learning, science, and public duty, who received their education within these walls, were to be an object of research, they would demand a larger space than this brief history could afford them; but Westminster will have no reason to be dissatisfied with the selection that is here offered to gratify the pride of its scholars.

Lord Burleigh -King, Bishop of London:- the poet Cowley :-The poet Dryden :-Charles Montague, Earl of Halifax :-Dr South:-Matthew Prior:-Rowe, the tragedian, &c. :-Hooper, Bishop of Bath and Wells:-Kennet, Bishop of Peterborough:-Dr Freind the physician :-King, Archbishop of Dublin:-the renowned John Locke :-Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester:-Bourne the Latin poet :Hawkins Browne :-Boyle, Earl of Cork and Orrery :-Carteret, Earl of Granville-the poet Churchill:-Bonner Thornton :-Frank Nicholls, the physician and anatomist :Gibbon, the historian :-George Colman the elder :-Markham, Archbishop of York :-the great lawyer, statesman, and orator, William Earl of Mansfield:-Clayton, Mordaunt Cracherode :-Richard Cumberland :-and the poet Cowper.

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ART. II.-PRIMARY NORMAL SCHOOLS AT POTSDAM.

THE following account of one of the best primary Normal Schools of Prussia, is abridged from the report of M Stintz, the director of the establishment.

1. DIRECTION AND INSPECTION.

The normal school and its annexed school are placed under a director or principal, subordinate to the royal school board of the province of Brandenburg at Berlin, and to the minister of public instruction and ecclesiastical and medical affairs.

The last named authority lays down the principles to be followed in this school, as in other public schools; exacts an account of all important matters, such as the examination of the masters, and any change in the fundamental plan of the studies; and receives every year, through the medium of the royal school board, a detailed report, prepared by the director of the school.

The school board is charged with the special inspection of the normal school; it must watch its progress, and from time. to time send commissioners to make inquiries on the spot. It examines also and approves the plan of studies presented every half year, and decides on all questions submitted to the consistory.

The director should superintend the whole establishment, observe and direct the master and servants, make reports to the superior authorities, carry on the correspondence, &c.

2. BUILDING.

The normal school, situated near the canal and the Berlin gate, is a large edifice two stories high, with a frontage of 127 feet, and considerable back buildings, which, joined to the main building, form a square, within which is a tolerably spacious court. The whole comprehends :

1. A family residence for the director or principal, and another for a master;

2. Three apartments for three unmarried masters;

3. An apartment for the steward and his servants, and sufficient convenience for household business and stowage; 4. A dining room for the pupils, which serve also for the writing and drawing class;

5. An organ room, in which the music lessons are given, the examinations take place, and the morning and evening prayers are said;

6. Two rooms for the scientific instruction of the pupils ; 7. Four rooms for the classes of the annexed school;

8. Five rooms of different sizes, and two dormitories for the pupils ;

9. Two infirmaries;

10. A wash house;

11. Two cabinets of natural history;

12. Granaries, cellars, wood-houses, &c.

3. REVENUES.

The annual income of this establishment amounts to $6000, which is derived from the state fund and the tuition of the pupils, both of the normal school, and the annexed primary model school.

4. INVENTORY.

The establishment contains the following articles :

1. Things required in the economy of the house, kitchen utensils, tables, forms, &c. ;

2. Sufficient and suitable furniture, consisting of chests of drawers, tables, forms, chairs and boxes, for the class of the normal school, and the school for practice, and for the masters' rooms, &c. There is also, for the poorer pupils, a certain number of bedsteads with bedding;

3. A considerable library for the masters and pupils, as well as a good collection of maps and globes for the teaching of geography;

4. A tolerably complete collection of philosophical instruments;

5. A collection of minerals, presented to the establishment by Councillor Von Turck;

6. A collection of stuffed birds, and other objects in natural history;

7. The instruments most required in mathematical instruction;

8. Complete drawing apparatus;

9. A very considerable collection of music;

10. A very good organ, a piano forte, seven harpsichords, and many wind and string instruments.

5. DOMESTIC ECONOMY AND MAINTENANCE OF THE PUPILS.

To support about 80 pupils, and to preserve cleanliness in the house, a steward has been appointed, whose duties are specified in a contract renewable every year.

The food of the pupils is good and wholesome, which is proved by the state of their health. Some parents think it needful to send their children eatables, or money to purchase them. They are wrong, for the children have no such want: on the contrary, so far from being advantageous, these presents only serve to take away their appetite at meals, and make them dainty and gluttonous. The orphans, and those whose parents are too poor to send them any thing, are exactly those who are the strongest and healthiest.

The director is almost always present at meals, to be sure of the goodness of the food, and to prevent any irregularity in the serving up.

Sick pupils are sent to the infirmary, and are attended by the physician or surgeon of the establishment.

6. MASTERS.

There are six masters attached to this establishment, in which they live, besides the director, who instructs in religion, in the principles of education, of training, of the art of teaching, and of the methods of study.

7. NUMBER OF PUPILS.

The number of the pupils is fixed by the regulation at from 70 to 80, and is now 78, of whom 72 live in the establishment; the other 6 have obtained a license to remain with their parents in order to lessen the expense of their mainte

nance.

This number is determined not only by the building, but also by the wants of the province. Brandenburg contains about 1500 masterships of primary schools, in town and country. Supposing that out of a hundred places, two become vacant every year, there will be at least 30 masters required for this province; but these places for the most part pay so badly, that they are compelled to be content with but moderately qualified masters, who, perhaps, have not been educated at a normal school, and who sometimes follow some trade or handicraft. If, then, the normal school contains 78 pupils who form three classes, one of which quits