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General Remarks on Cities-Improvement of Roads, Side Walks, &c.-The Means of Improvement-Public Squares and Gardens-Improvement of the City Air-Improvement of Public Buildings-Churches and Church Yards-Academies and School Houses-The Philosophy of Amusements-Philosophy of Conver sation, MODES OF ADDRESSING CHILDREN. Want of Confidence in Children-Third Error in Addressing Children-Error in Conversation-Other Errors-Bad Juvenile Style-Further Examples of the same, EDUCATION OF TALLEYRAND. Parental Mistakes, FRATERNAL EDUCATION. Hints to Brothers-Fraternal Responsibility-Appeal to BrothersTheir various Duties, PRACTICAL LESSONS ON PHYSIOLOGY. Lesson on the Blood-Character of the Blood-Further Illustrations of the Blood, વેર SCHOOL REGISTERS. Example of Massachusetts, DUTIES OF SCHOOL EXAMINERS. Movements in Ohio-Rules of School Examiners-Practical Examinations-Having a Plan-Character of Teachers Defended-Teaching the Alphabet Character of School Examiners, ON SYSTEMS AND SYSTEM-MONGERS. Relying too much upon Systems, MORAL INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION. Physical Education among the Friends-Its moral Benefits, 337 348 354 355 359 362 363 370 371 BOSTON PRIMARY SCHOOLS. School Books in Primary Schools-Reading, in those SchoolsSome of their Defects-A better Standard wanted, MISCELLANY. Infantile Education---Subjects for Educational Discussion-Societies for InquiryHartford Young Men's Institute-The Orphan's Home-Natural Capacity of Children-Boston Farm School-School Books-Education of the Teeth, 373 377 DR ALCOTT'S WORKS. Published and for sale, wholesale and retail, on liberal terms, by GEO. W. LIGHT, 1 Cornhill, (facing Washington Street,) Boston. The general object of Dr. Alcott's works is to promote health and morals, by means of correct physical and moral management. Aware of the extent and power of female influence, he has, in this view, directed a large proportion of his labors to the instruction of mothers and house-keepers. THE YOUNG WIFE, is designed to give early instruction to those who have entered the marriage relation, with respect both to the physical and moral management of themselves and their families. This is properly a work on Self-Education, both physical and moral. Fifth edition. THE YOUNG HOUSE-KEEPER.-The object of this work is, principally to give information on the subject of Food and Cookery. It is properly a work on Physical Education, and is wholly unlike any work, either ancient or modern, on those subjects. It presents more distinctly than can be found anywhere else, Dr Alcott's peculiar views on diet and regimen. Second edition. THE YOUNG MOTHER, is intended as a guide to all who have the care of young children. but especially mothers, in regard to the physical management of children. It embraces, also, many moral reflections. Third edition. THE HOUSE I LIVE IN, is an account of the Human Body, under the figure of a House, consisting of the frame, covering, apartments, &c., designed as a popular introduction to the study, by the young, u! Anatomy and Physiology. Second edition enlarged. Just republished in London. THE YOUNG MAN'S GUIDE, embraces a wide range of instruction to young men, and includes some topics not usually discussed in works designed for this class. Twelfth edition. WAYS OF LIVING ON SMALL MEANS, is a cheap manual for the middling and poorer classes of the community, intended to give instruction on matters of domestic economy. The fifth edition of this work has been enlarged and improved. Fifth edition. THE MORAL REFORMER, in two volumes, is a collection of essays and facts on Health and Morals, arranged in a manner not unlike that of the former Journal of Health of Philadelphia. It is nearly the same, in character, with the Library of Health, its successor. THE LIBRARY OF HEALTH and Teacher on the Human Constitution. One volume of this work is completed and bound; and a second volume-that for 1838-is in proIts name will give an idea of its character. $1 a year, only. No family can afford to gress. AMERICAN ANNALS OF EDUCATION. AUGUST, 1838. EMBELLISHMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES. THE Committee appointed by the American Lyceum, at its Eighth Annual Session, to take into consideration the question; 'What embellishments and improvements may be made in towns and villages, with advantage to intelligence and morals,' respectfully report: That while they have not been able to give the subject that attention which its exceeding great importance, in their view, demands, they have nevertheless bestowed upon it all the time which their numerous other engagements would permit; and in so doing have come to the following conclusions. In view of the condition and wants of human nature, as it now is, your Committee are fully of opinion that the health, the comfort, the intellectual and social, nay the moral and religious well being of man would be much promoted by a greater regard than is usual, to the structure, arrangement and embellishment of our cities, towns and villages. Of our larger cities, even Philadelphia and Boston, we do not hesitate to say that almost every thing, in their structure and condition, is at war with the highest physical and moral well being of their inhabitants. We do not indeed forget their beautiful commons and squares and public walks; but it is impossible for us to believe that a few of these will ever atone for that neglect whose effects stare us in the face, not merely in passing through dirty and filthy avenues, but in traversing almost every street, and in turning almost every corner. A single common, beautiful though it may be, as any spot on the earth's surface, and refreshed though it were by the balmy breezes which 'blow soft o'er Ceylon's isle;' or a few public squares, remembrancers though they be of him whose 338 General Remarks on Cities. praises will never cease to be celebrated while the city of brotherly love' shall remain, will yet never purify the crowded, unventilated cellars and shops-and dwellings, too-of a hundred or a thousand thickly congregated streets. How then can these great marts of our country ever be brought to bear on the physical, intellectual, social and moral well being of man? Swallowing up, as they are, from year to year, much of the population of the country around them, especially its young men, and rendering them more sensual, more selfish, more effeminate, and more worldly, how can their influencetheir reaction on the surrounding country be any other than injurious? The heart of the great body, commercial and politic, being diseased, and its fluids more or less corrupted, how can it send out to all parts of the system those healthful streams for which it was originally intended? Graves, as cities are allowed to be, of the human species, are their victims destined to any 'better resurrection ?' But it is not the physical condition of cities and towns and villages alone-for much, nay most, which we would say on this subject, is applicable, in no small degree, to large towns and dense villages, as well as to our great cities-which your Committee regard as greatly susceptible of improvement. Nor is this topic of health directly embraced in the question on which we are required to report, except from its deep-we might almost say inseparable-connection with morals. Cities and towns and villages, especially in countries like our own, where every man is pre-eminently the artificer of his own fortune, are the graves of the human species mentally and morally, as well as physically. They foster, we will not say inevitably, but at any rate with certainty, that selfishness, that avarice, that luxury, and that sensuality, which need no hot bed assistance. In one word, all the facilities which the social powers and social opportunities of man afford for elevating his whole nature, are now, too often, turned into a wrong channel; and contribute but to hurry our rising population of every rank, but especially of those who are above the most abject poverty, the more swiftly down the stream of vice and corruption to present and future wo. There is one deteriorating tendency, of cities and villages and towns, which deserves, in passing, a more particular consideration. We allude to the facilities which they afford for gratifying and more than gratifying a perverted and perhaps vitiated appetite. The shops, the cellars, the stalls, and the awnings are crowded often to excess, with the good, and sometimes with the bad things of this life; and luxuries no less than necessaries, -confectionaries and extra stimulants no less than plain meat and s name will give an idea of its enaracter. 1 a year, only. |