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JOHN XI.

7 the same place where he was. Then after that saith he to his disciples, 8 Let us go into Judea again. His disciples say unto him, Master, the Jews 9 of late sought to stone thee; and goest thou thither again? Jesus answered,

Are there not twelve hours in the day? If any man walk in the day, he 10 stumbleth not, because he seeth the light of this world. But if a man walk 11 in the night, he stumbleth, because there is no light in him. These things said he and after that he saith unto them, Our friend Lazarus sleepeth; 12 but I go, that I may awake him out of sleep. Then said his disciples, 13 Lord, if he sleep, he shall do well. Howbeit Jesus spake of his death: but 14 they thought that he had spoken of taking of rest in sleep. Then said Je15 sus unto them plainly, Lazarus is dead. And I am glad for your sakes that I was not there, to the intent ye may believe; nevertheless let us go 16 unto him. Then said Thomas, which is called Didymus, unto his fellowdisciples, Let us also go, that we may die with him.

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17 Then when Jesus came, he found that he had lain in the grave four days 18 already. Now Bethany was nigh unto Jerusalem, about fifteen furlongs 19 off: and many of the Jews came to Martha and Mary, to comfort them 20 concerning their brother. Then Martha, as soon as she heard that Jesus 21 was coming, went and met him: but Mary sat still in the house. Then said Martha unto Jesus, Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not 22 died. But I know, that even now, whatsoever thou wilt ask of God, God 23 will give it thee. Jesus saith unto her, Thy brother shall rise again. 24 Martha saith unto him, I know that he shall rise again in the resurrection 25 at the last day. Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life :3 26 he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die. Believest thou this? 27 She saith unto him, Yea, Lord: I believe that thou art the Christ, the Son of God, which should come into the world.

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And when she had so said, she went her way, and called Mary her sister 29 secretly, saying, The Master is come, and calleth for thee. As soon as she 30 heard that, she arose quickly, and came unto him. Now Jesus was not yet 31 come into the town, but was in that place where Martha met him. The

Jews then which were with her in the house, and comforted her, when they saw Mary, that she rose up hastily and went out, followed her, saying, She 32 goeth unto the grave to weep there. Then when Mary was come where Jesus was, and saw him, she fell down at his feet, saying unto him, Lord, 33 if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died. When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews also weeping which came with her, he 34 groaned in the spirit, and was troubled, and said, Where have ye laid him? 35, 36 They said unto him, Lord, come and see. Jesus wept. Then said the 37 Jews, Behold how he loved him! And some of them said, Could not this man, which opened the eyes of the blind, have caused that even this man should not have died?

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38 Jesus therefore again groaning in himself cometh to the grave. It was 39 a cave, and a stone lay upon it. Jesus said, Take ye away the stone. Martha, the sister of him that was dead, saith unto him, Lord, by this time 40 he stinketh: for he hath been dead four days. Jesus saith unto her, Said I not unto thee, that, if thou wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the glory 41 of God? Then they took away the stone from the place where the dead was laid. And Jesus lifted up his eyes, and said, Father, I thank thee that thou

About fifteen furlongs (orádia), i. e. about merely wished to see once more the countenance two miles.

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of his friend, and hence her dissuasion against opening the cave (σnýλacov). The restoring of a man to life from a state of actual corruption and decay, was more than she could expect even from the power of Christ,

JOHN XI.

42 hast heard me. And I knew that thou hearest me always: but because of the people which stand by I said it, that they may believe that thou hast 43 sent me. And when he thus had spoken, he cried with a loud voice, Laza44 rus, come forth. And he that was dead came forth, bound hand and foot with graveclothes: and his face was bound about with a napkin. Jesus saith unto them, Loose him, and let him go.

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Then many of the Jews which came to Mary, and had seen the things 46 which Jesus did, believed on him. But some of them went their ways to the Pharisees, and told them what things Jesus had done.

93. THE COUNSEL OF CAIAPHAS AGAINST JESUS. HE RETIRES FROM JERUSALEM. Jerusalem. Ephraim.

JOHN XI. 47-54.

47 Then gathered the chief priests and the Pharisees a council, and said, 48 What do we? for this man doeth many miracles. If we let him thus alone,

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all men will believe on him: and the Romans shall come and take away 49 both our place and nation. And one of them, named Caiaphas,1 being the 50 high priest that same year, said unto them, Ye know nothing at all, nor consider that it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, 51 and that the whole nation perish not. And this spake he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for 52 that nation; and not for that nation only, but that also he should gather 53 together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad. Then from that day forth they took counsel together for to put him to death. Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews; but went thence unto a country near to the wilderness, into a city called Ephraim, and there continued with his disciples. [See in § 111.]

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§ 94. JESUS BEYOND JORDAN IS FOLLOWED BY MULTITUDES. THE HEALING OF THE INFIRM WOMAN ON THE SABBATH.-Valley of Jordan. Peræa.

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LUKE XIII. 10-21.

And he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the sabbath. And, behold, there was a woman which had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years,

John 18. 14; Acts 4. 6.

2 Comp. Num. ch. 23.

3 As the Sanhedrim had now determined, in accordance with the counsel of Caiaphas, that Jesus should be put to death, he therefore withdraws from Jerusalem to a city called Ephraim "near to the wilderness," John 11. 54. This place has only recently been identified with any modern site. There is, however, little reason to doubt, that it was the same with the Ephraim or Ephron of 2 Chron. 13. 19, and also with the Ephron of Eusebius and Jerome, nearly twenty Roman miles north of Jerusalem. It lay also near the desert, and corresponds therefore in all these particulars with the modern Taiyibeh, a most remarkable and commanding site.

See

Robinson's Bibl. Res. in Palest. II. p. 121–124.

4 Matthew and Mark, having omitted all mention of our Lord's presence and teaching in Jerusalem at the festivals of tabernacles and of dedication, as likewise of the raising of Lazarus and other intervening events, now resume their narrative, by relating, that after Jesus had left Galilee he approached Jerusalem, as the passover drew nigh, by passing through the country beyond Jordan. Both evangelists speak of the great multitudes that followed Jesus.

Luke 13. 10-21 is inserted here, because it immediately precedes, and is thus connected with, the notice of our Lord's journeying towards Jerusalem in Luke 13. 22: see § 95 and Note ⚫.

LUKE XIII.

12 and was bowed together, and could in no wise lift up herself. And when Jesus saw her, he called her to him, and said unto her, Woman, thou art 13 loosed from thine infirmity. And he laid his hands on her and imme14 diately she was made straight, and glorified God. And the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day, and said unto the people, There are six days in which men ought to work in them therefore come and be healed, and not on the 15 sabbath day. The Lord then answered him, and said, Thou hypocrite, doth not each one of you on the sabbath loose his ox or his ass from the 16 stall, and lead him away to watering? And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound,' lo, these eighteen years, 17 be loosed from this bond on the sabbath day? And when he had said these things, all his adversaries were ashamed: and all the people rejoiced for all the glorious things that were done by him.

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Then said he, Unto what is the kingdom of God like? and whereunto 19 shall I resemble it? It is like a grain of mustard seed,' which a man took, and cast into his garden; and it grew, and waxed a great tree; and the 20 fowls of the air lodged in the branches of it. And again he said, Where21 unto shall I liken the kingdom of God? It is like leaven,3 which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal, till the whole was leavened.

$95. OUR LORD GOES TEACHING AND JOURNEYING TOWARDS JERUSALEM. HE IS WARNED AGAINST HEROD.-Peræa.

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LUKE XIII. 22-35.

And he went through the cities and villages, teaching, and journeying 23 toward Jerusalem. Then said one unto him, Lord, are there few that be 24 saved? And he said unto them, Strive to enter in at the strait gate: for 25 many, I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be able. When

once the master of the house is risen up, and hath shut to the door, and ye begin to stand without, and to knock at the door, saying, Lord, Lord, open unto us; and he shall answer and say unto you, I know you not whence ye 26 are then shall ye begin to say, We have eaten and drunk in thy presence, 27 and thou hast taught in our streets. But he shall say, I tell you, I know 28 you not whence ye are; depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity. There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and you 29 yourselves thrust out. And they shall come from the east, and from the west, and from the north, and from the south, and shall sit down in the kingdom 30 of God. And, behold, there are last which shall be first, and there are first which shall be last.

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The same day there came certain of the Pharisees, saying unto him, Get 32 thee out, and depart hence: for Herod will kill thee. And he said unto them, Go ye, and tell that fox, Behold, I cast out devils, and I do cures to 33 day and to morrow, and the third day I shall be perfected. Nevertheless I must walk to day, and to morrow, and the day following: for it cannot be

1 Comp. Heb. 2. 14.

2 Comp. Matt. 13. 31, 32. 3 Matt. 13. 33. 4 For the reasons why Luke 13. 22 is arranged in this connexion, see Introductory Note to this Part. For the appropriateness of this arrangement, so far as it respects ver. 31--35, see the same Note.

The lamentation over Jerusalem in ver. 34 arises naturally from the mention of that city in ver. 33. In Matt. 23. 37, sq. the same lamentation is repeated in connexion with our Lord's denunciation of the scribes and Pharisees in Jerusa

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LUKE XIII.

34 that a prophet perish out of Jerusalem. O Jerusalem, Jerusalem,' which killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often? would I have gathered thy children together, as a hen doth gather her brood 35 under her wings, and ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you desolate and verily I say unto you, Ye shall not see me, until the time come when ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord."

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§ 96. OUR LORD DINES WITH A CHIEF PHARISEE ON THE SABBATH.

Peræa.

LUKE XIV. 1—24.

INCIDENTS.

And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the chief Phari2 sees to eat bread on the sabbath day, that they watched him. And, behold, 3 there was a certain man before him which had the dropsy. And Jesus answering spake unto the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to 4 heal on the sabbath day? And they held their peace. And he took him, 5 and healed him, and let him go; and answered them, saying, Which of you shall have an ass or an ox fallen into a pit, and will not straightway pull him 6 out on the sabbath day? And they could not answer him again to these things.

7 And he put forth a parable to those which were bidden, when he marked 8 how they chose out the chief rooms; saying unto them, When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in the highest room; lest a 9 more honourable man than thou be bidden of him; and he that bade thee and him come and say to thee, Give this man place; and thou begin with 10 shame to take the lowest room. But when thou art bidden, go and sit down in the lowest room; that when he that bade thee cometh, he may say unto thee, Friend, go up higher then shalt thou have worship in the presence 11 of them that sit at meat with thee. For whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted.

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Then said he also to him that bade him, When thou makest a dinner or a supper, call not thy friends, nor thy brethren, neither thy kinsmen, nor thy rich neighbours; lest they also bid thee again, and a recompence be 13 made thee. But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the 14 lame, the blind: and thou shalt be blessed; for they cannot recompense thee for thou shalt be recompensed at the resurrection of the just.

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And when one of them that sat at meat with him heard these things, he said unto him, Blessed is he that shall eat bread in the kingdom of God. 16 Then said he unto him," A certain man made a great supper, and bade many : 17 and sent his servant at supper time to say to them that were bidden, Come; 18 for all things are now ready. And they all with one consent began to make excuse. The first said unto him, I have bought a piece of ground, and I 19 must needs go and see it: I pray thee have me excused. And another said, I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them: I pray thee have 20 me excused. And another said, I have married a wife, and therefore I 21 cannot come. So that servant came, and showed his lord these things. Then the master of the house being angry said to his servant, Go out

the holy city. His words indicate that he was
proceeding leisurely on the journey (Toрever bac),
and expecting to arrive in about three days, and
that he feared nothing from the malice of Herod
inasmuch as his "decease was to be accomplished
at Jerusalem" (Luke 9. 31), in which blood-
guilty city alone could the Messiah be perfected,
that is, through sufferings, see Heb. 2. 10.
Comp. Matt. 23. 37-39.

2 How often? Our Lord's public ministry had,

at four different seasons (§§ 21, 36, 83, 91), if not oftener, been carried on in Jerusalem for the good

of its inhabitants.

3 Comp. Psa. 69. 25; Jer. 12. 7; 22. 5.

A Until when ye shall say, &c. This may have some reference to what was to occur on our Lord's public entry into the city; see Luke 19. 38.

5 Comp. Psa. 118. 26. 6 Comp. Prov. 25. 6. 7 Comp. Matt. 22. 1-10.

LUKE XIV.

quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in hither the poor, 22 and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind. And the servant said, Lord, 23 it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room. And the lord said unto the servant, Go out into the highways and hedges, and compel 24 them to come in, that my house may be filled. For I say unto you, That none of those men which were bidden shall taste of my supper.

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§ 97. WHAT IS REQUIRED OF TRUE DISCIPLES.-Peræa.

LUKE XIV. 25-35.

And there went great multitudes with him: and he turned, and said unto 26 them, If any man come to me, and hate1 not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he 27 cannot be my disciple. And whosoever doth not bear his cross,2 and come 28 after me, cannot be my disciple. For which of you, intending to build a

tower, sitteth not down first, and counteth the cost, whether he have suf29 ficient to finish it? Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not 30 able to finish it, all that behold it begin to mock him, saying, This man 31 began to build, and was not able to finish. Or what king, going to make

war against another king, sitteth not down first, and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand to meet him that cometh against him with twenty 32 thousand? Or else, while the other is yet a great way off, he sendeth an 33 ambassage, and desireth conditions of peace. So likewise, whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that he hath, he cannot be my disciple. 34 Salt is good :3 but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be 35 seasoned? It is neither fit for the land, nor yet for the dunghill; but men cast it out. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.

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§ 98. PARABLE OF THE LOST SHEEP, ETC. PARABLE OF THE PRODIGAL SON.

Peræa.
LUKE XV. 1-32.

Then drew near unto him all the publicans and sinners for to hear him. 2 And the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them.

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3, 4 And he spake this parable unto them, saying, What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it? 5, 6 And when he hath found it, he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing. And when he cometh home, he calleth together his friends and neighbours, saying unto them, Rejoice with me; for I have found my sheep which was lost. 7 I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no 8 repentance. Either what woman having ten pieces of silver, if she lose one piece, doth not light a candle, and sweep the house, and seek diligently 9 till she find it? And when she hath found it, she calleth her friends and her neighbours together, saying, Rejoice with me; for I have found the 10 piece which I had lost. Likewise, I say unto you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth.

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And he said, A certain man had two sons: and the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me.” 13 And he divided unto them his living. And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, and took his journey into a far country, and

Comp. Deut. 13. 6-10; Matt. 10. 37. 2 Matt. 16. 24.

3 Comp. Matt. 5. 13; Mark 9. 50.
4 Comp. Matt. 18. 12.

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