(-) Britannia Trium phalis, p. 67. 12mo. being burthenfome to the generality, though it agreed, that the caftle of Edinburgh, after a fhort, but brifk fiege, fhould be delivered up to him, with all the ordinance, arms, magazines, and furniture of war thereunto belonging. It may feem ftrange and al• most incredible, fays a writer of that time, that such a ftrong and impregnable hold as was that, fhould be fo eafily won, the like whereof is not in that nation; wherefore it was the common vogue of that time, and by many credibly believed, that it was affaulted with filver engines (7). It does not however appear that Cromwell was wont to make use of these against his foes. The Scots, in the mean while, were not Lond. 1654. intimidated by their loffes: full of zeal for their King, and hatred of the fectaries, who were now their conquerors, they again railed a very confiderable army, and hoped without doubt to be fully avenged on them. For they had friends and well withers in England, especially the prefbyterians, who were plotting how to advance the young King to the thrones of his fathers. But all was ineffectual. The plots in England were difcovered, and fome loft their lives on that account; the Scots army cared not to face Cromwell, but chofe what appeared to them, the fafer game, viz. to give him the flip, and march before him into England, where they counted they fhould meet with aid and affiftance. This they put in execution. Charles II. at the head of a good army and gallant officers, attended by many of the chief nobility and gentry of Scotland, fet forward the nearest way for England. In Lancashire he was joined by the Earl of Derby with others, and after in vain fummoning Shrewberry, he arrived at Worcester, where he determined to abide the coming of Cromwell, who was in full march after him. A few days brought him within view indeed; and on the third of Sept. 1651, he without ceremony, gave orders to his troops to attack the enemy, and gave them a total overthrow. This, fays Cromwell, hath been a very glorious mercy, and as it could not be acceptable to those from whom C as ftiff a contest for four or five hours, as ever I have (1) See his feen (s).' So that Clarendon, out of fpight to the Letter to the Speaker Scots, has grofly mifreprefented their behaviour in this in the Parbattle, by faying, That except on the part where Mid- liamentary dleton was, who was quickly overpowered, there was Hiftory, vol. • no resistance made; but fuch a general confternation And Whitpoffeffed the whole army, that the reft of the horse lock, p. fled, and all the foot threw down their arms before 507, 508. xx. p. 44. P. 409. of Great they were charged (^).' What credit can fuch a () Vol. vi. prejudiced writer deferve? Mr. Hume, however, has fervilely copied this falfe and ungenerous account of the () Hiftory behaviour of his countrymen (z). In this battle the Britain, vol. King loft 3000 men, befides about 12000 made priso- ii, p. 29. ners, amongst whom were many of the chief quality. Thus an end for the prefent was put to the hopes of the Scots King and his party; who from this time was forced to wander abroad (where he would have wandered, had he had no affiftance but from the cavaliers, for ever) till the restoration in 1660.After this Scotland yielded to the English, and prefumed no more to enter the lifts, for power and dominion. Indeed fhe was wholly fubdued. How high a fenfe the parliament had of Cromwell's fervices, will appear from the instructions given to the commiffioners whom they fent to compliment him on this last victory. They are dated Sept. 9, 1651, and are as follows: You are in the name of the parliament, to congratulate his lordship's good recovery of health, after his dangerous fick nefs; and to take notice of his unwearied labours and pains in the late ⚫ expedition into Scotland, for the service of this commonwealth; of his diligence in profecution of the enemy, when he fled into England; of the great hardships and hazards he hath expofed himself to, and particularly at the late fight at Worcester; of the pru⚫dent and faithful managing and conducting throughout this great and important affair, which the Lord from heaven hath fo fignally bleffed, and crowned with fo whom it had taken the power of tyrannifing over compleat and glorious an iffue. Of all which you are to make known to his lordfhip, the parliament hath thought fit, by you, to certify their good ac" ceptance and great fatisfaction therein: and for the 'fame you are to return, in the name of the parliament and commonwealth of Englond, their most hearty thanks: as alfo to the rest of the officers and foldiers, for their great and gallant fervices done to this commonwealth. You are likewife to let his lordship know that fince, by the great bleffing of God upon his lordship's and the army's endeavours, the enemy is fo totally defeated, and the state of affairs, as well in England as in Scotland, fuch, as may very well difpenfe with his lordship's continuance in the field; they do defire his lordship, for the better fettlement of his health, to take fuch reft and repofe as he shall find moft requifite and conducing thereunto: and for that ⚫ purpose to make his repair to, and refidence at or within fome few miles of this place, whereby also the parliament may have the affiftance of his prefence, in 'the great and important confultations for the further mentary Hif. fettlement of this commonwealth, which they are now upon (x).' Mr. Whitlock, who was one of the commiffioners, tells us, That they met the general near Aylesbury, delivered their meffage, and he received them with all kindness and refpect: that he * gave each of them a horfe and two Scots prifoners, as a token of his thankful reception of the parliament's regard in fending them to meet and congratulate him (y).' Cromwell was alfo met at Acton, by the Speaker, the Lord Prefident Bradshaw, many members of parliament and the council of ftate, with the Lord Mayor, aldermen, and fheriffs; and, entering London in a coach of ftate, was received with all poffible demonftrations of joy. And to crown all, the parliament refolved that lands of inheritance to the yearly value of 4000. belonging to the ftate, be fettled upon the lord (x) Parlia tory, p. 48. vol. xx. And Journal, 9th Sept. 1651. (y) Memo rials, p. 509. gene over their neighbours.-Nor was this all Dif mentary Hif general Cromwell and his heirs, as a mark of favour from the parliament for his great and eminent fervices to (z) Parlia the commonwealth (z). The other officers were not tory, vol. XX. forgotten, but were provided for out of Scotland, which p. 0-52. being looked on in fome measure as conquered, it was refolved to bring in an act for asserting the right of the commonwealth to so much of Scotland, as was then under the forces of the commonwealth, and to fettle it under the government thereof (a).—Such being the (4) Journal, actions of Cromwell in Scotland, and at Worcester, we are not to wonder that his panegirifts talked of them in lofty terms, and preferred him to antient heroes for valour and fortitude. The learned reader, poffibly, may be pleased with a fpecimen of them : In victoriis tuis 9th Sept. tâm multis Olivari, quæ funt eò nobiliores, quò dif•ficiliores, periculofiores, formidabiliores pugnæ fuêre, ⚫ celeritatem certè tuam, fortitudinemquè fuperioribus heroibus omnibus longè clariorem arbitror, quippe quos vel explofi Sclopi globulus cum audaciâ fuâ proftraviffet illicò. Atque ut ingenuè fatear, longè plus • æftimo virtute tuâ fuperatam Cambriam, atque post fractos tàm multos, eofquè Scotorum valentiffimos exercitus, à te captum Edenburgum, Sterlinumquè, atque ex confequenti Scotiam univerfam. In Hiberniâ • verò Tredam vi captam, Hiberniamque redactam ; ⚫ in Anglia, Scotorum exercitu potentiffimô defenfam, ⚫ muntiffimamquè tum naturâ loci, tum arte Vigorniam, vi tamen occupatam, plus inquam, ex animi mei finceritate victorias hafce tuas facio, quàm Cyri, Alexandri, Julii Cæfaris laureas omnes, habita ratione (6) Paralletemporis, locorum, hoftiumque (b).'—Another speaking nec non Oof him, faid, Ille eft, ille eft, auditores admiremini Ț livarii, p. Cujus unius fortitudo plus biennio profecit, quam 125. ⚫ centenis feculis majores noftri profuerant, vel, forfan 'nepotes profuturi. Nempe per ultimam Thulen aufpiciis obftupefcendis volitantia vexilla protulit, & ultra Romanas aquilas, exercituum victrices alas expli lum Olivæ (c) Oratio Aniverfaria in diem In- Fol. Lond. 1655 Disputes arifing with the Dutch (мм), a fpirit cuit (c).'-A third defcribes the battle of Worcester in the following manner: Ad extremum illud & maximum, in quo de fumma rei Scoti dimicarunt, præ6 lium venio. Illud inquam Vigornianum, omnibus totius ante actæ ætatis acerrimis comparandum : Nam neque apud Mantineam Thebani cum Lacedemoniis, neque apud Zamam Annibal cum Scipione, neque in Pharfalicis campis Pompejus cum Cæfare, neque apud • Mutinam cum Antonio Confules, neque apud Philippos cum Augufto & Antonio Brutus & Caffius acrius & pertinaciùs dimicarunt (d). The victory at 4to. 1654 Worcester, and the refpect and applause almost univerfally attending him, infpired Cromwell, probably, first of all with the defire of difpoffeffing his masters, and feizing the fupream command. The reafons of this affertion will be found in the note (ww). (Panegy ricus Crom welli, p. 35. 1 C (MM) Difputes arifing with the Dutch, a spirit and conduct appeared in the English commonwealth, &c.] From the beginning of the quarrel between Charles and the parliament, the Dutch had acted fomewhat partially in his Majesty's favour. Arms and ammunition, officers and private foldiers, together with fome fhips, had been procured from them at different times by the Queen and her agents. On complaint of these things from the parliament, by their agent Mr. Strickland, orders were given to put a flop to every thing of this kind, and to obferve the most exact neutrality. But among a money-loving people this was but ill obferved, and therefore orders were given to the commanders of the Englifh fhips, to feize all Dutch fhips on which were provifions, ftores, ammunition or any other thing belonging (e) See Se- to or intended for the enemy: which orders were well crets difco- obeyed, and caufed great complaints in Holland against England's the parliament, who, however, were not to be moved complaint from their refolution (e). In the beginning of January, against the 1643, the States-General fent ambaffadors into EngStates-Ge- land, who, though refpectfully treated by the parlia vered; or neral. 4to. Lond. 1643. 'ment, |