of both univerfities, whofe names ftand in the accomplished, and the blood and treasure of the people preferved, as well as their ease and safety secured. On fuch an occafion, therefore, as the peace with the Dutch, it was but natural for the muses to exult. And, in fact, they did it. The moft learned men, the best geniuses, and those who afterwards made the greatest figure in the literary world, joined in celebrating this glorious event. The verfes compofed at Cambridge were published there, with the following title; Oliva • Pacis. Ad Illuftriffimum Celfiffimumque Oliverum, Reipub. Angliæ, Scotia, & Hiberniæ Dominum ProEx cele-tectorem; de Pace cum Fæderatis Belgis feliciter fanberrima A cita, Carmen Cantabrigienfe (1) Dr. Seaman, vicepographeo. chancellor, introduces them to his highness in a poem, 4to. 1654 of which the following lines make a fmall part. cademiæ Ty Des veniam; nomen, Dux invictiffime, veftrum Te Protectorem Refpublica noftra falutat Primus Marte, nec Arte minor, pietate fecundus Te Duce, folennes agit Anglia læta triumphos, Among the names fubfcribed to the poems that follow after, are Arrowsmith, Tuckney and Horton, men of fame in their own days; then come thofe of Whichcot, and Cudworth, whofe fame still furvives, and whofe writings render them immortal. Dillingham, Duport, Worthington, Wray [Ray] Gliffon, and Bright, eminent for their fkill in various branches of learning, bear a part in the collection, befides a variety of others, now little known or regarded. The the first rank among the learned.-Cromwell, I know, has been almoft univerfally blamed for breaking with Spain, and allying him The university of Oxford addreffed his highness likewife. The book, in which their poems are contained, is entitled, Mufarum Oxonienfium 'EAAIODOPIA. Sive, ob Foedera, Aufpiciis Sereniffimi Oliveri Reipub. Ang. Scot. & Hiber. Domini Protectoris, inter Rempub. Britannicam & Ordines Foederatos Belgii Fæliciter Stabilita, Gentis Togatæ ad vada Ifidis Ce- (m) Oxoniæ; leufina Metricum (m).'- The dedication to this 4to. 1654: piece is in profe by Dr. Owen, vice-chancellor, and is full of expreffions of gratitude to Oliver for his favours to, and protection of the university. After which we have a copy of verfes by the fame hand, and a great variety of others in feveral languages by different pens. Zouch, doctor of the civil law, Harmer, greek-profef-for, and Dr. Ralph Bathurst, names well known in the republic of letters, contributed to this collection, and joined in celebrating the protector. Befides thefe, we find here the names of Busby (who fo long ruled in Westminster fchool, and complied with every change of government in his time) and Locke: the poem of the latter I will here infert, as it may, I am perfuaded, be acceptable to the learned reader. Pax regit Augufti, quem vicit Julius orbem : Hos fua Roma vocat magnos & numina credit, I will only add fome lines out of Mr. afterwards Dr. (*) South's Sern.ons, vol i. p. 160. 8vo. Lond. 1692. (a) Id. Vol. ii. p. 544. himself to France; whether justly (DDD) or Tu Dux pariter Terræ Domitorq; profundi, * * * * * * Tu poteras folus motos componere fluctus, Magna fimul fortis vicifti & multa: Trophæis no, Would any one think this panegyrift fhould afterwards, in print, ftile Cromwell a lively copy of FeroLoam (n)?' or have the face to fay of the ruling ecclefiaftics of thefe times, that Latin was with them a mortal crime, and Greek, inftead of being owned for the language of the Holy Ghoft (as in the New Teftament it is) was looked upon as the fin against it; fo that, in a word, they had all the confufions of • Babel amongst them without the diversity_of tongues ()? But this was Dr. South. The volume is clofed with fome verfes from the printer to his highnefs the lord protector. This was Leonard Lichfield, efquire, bedle of divinity, as he ftiles himself. He lived to perform the fame honour to Charles II. as did many of the gentlemen above mentioned. For praife, for the time, follow's fortune: and he who has the power of conferring benefits will never want flatWe fee, however, from hence, that Cromwell had equal honours paid him at home as well as abroad, with our kings; which was no unacceptable thing, we may affure ourselves, to fo ambitious a mind as his, who fought greedily for fame, and was willing to perpetuate his name by deeds of renown. (DDD) Cromwell has been blamed for his breach with Spain and alliance with France; but whether juflly, &c.] terers. no, may be questioned, notwithstanding the num Inftead of amusing the reader with the uncertain conjectures of various writers, on this very important fubject, I will give him Mr. Thurlee's account of the negotiations between England, France and Spain, as far as they relate to Oliver; then will naturally follow the cenfures paft on his conduct, which will produce fome observations tending to the protector's juftification. Upon Cromwell's affuming the government, Don Alonfo de Cardenas, the Spanish ambaffador then refiding in London, after making the general compli⚫ments in the high ftrain, mentioned in the note (AAA), • came to particular propofitions on the part of Spayne, propounding a conjunction between England and Spayne againt France, upon two grounds: 1. To bring France to a good peace, and thereby to obtain relt and quiet to all Chriftendome, which was miferably embroiled through the ambition of France, who would liften to no reasonable terms of peace, unless they were constrained thereto; and the most likely and vifible means to effect that was, by the united counfels and forces of England and Spayne. 2. In this peace the establishment of Oliver in the government of these nations should be provided for, and particularly fecured, against the clayme and title of his now Majefty [Charles II.]; propounding, that one of the articles of the peace should be to defend Oliver in the aforefaid government, declaring that Spayne would never lay downe their arms, nor make peace with France, till that crowne alfo would agree thereto; by which means the standing of Oliver would ⚫ be made firm and ftable, having, befides his own interest here, two of the chiefeft crownes of Europe to fupport and ftrengthen him: making mention here, by way of inducement, and to perfwade that Spa, ne was real, and in good earneft in this particular, of the great difobligations, that the late King had put upon the King of Spayne, and the ill dealing he had reBb 2 •ceived number and quality of the cenfurers. For the ceived from him in feveral rencounters, which his. Majefty of Spayne did fo much refent, that there could never be any confidence again between Spayne and that family; nor would it be the intereft of Spayne, that any of that lyne fhould be reftored to this government. Thence concluding, that Oliver could not relye in this matter, upon any prince or ftate in Europe, fo much as upon Spayne, labouring, at the fame time, to render the alliance with France not only uselefs but dangerous, fave in the way before expreffed; wherein the treaty might be fo ordered, that if France did break any of the articles, in prejudice of Oliver, or his government in England, Spayne would be obliged to join with England for the making good thereof. The particulars which he defired of England in this conjunction against France, was at firft only four thoufand foldiers to ferve with the Spanish army, and twelve fhips of war to be joined with their fleet in the defigns they had against France about Bourdeaux. This propofition came afterwards to an entire English army of horfe and foot, that might be able to march in any part of France. And as to the charge of transporting and keeping fuch an army, Don Alonfo propounded (as I remember) that Spayne fhould bear two third parts, and the like of the fleet, which being computed, he was willing to pay part downe, and fo much yearly, as long as this war fhould con• tinue. At the fame time arrived here monfieur Ligné from the prince of Conde, befides monfieur Barriere, that was here alfo, and fome deputies from the town of Bourdeaux, offering reafons for a war against France, and propounding defigns relating to Bourdeaux, and the parts thereabouts, wherein England might engage (as they thought) with great advantage; and this part was alfo managed by Don A'anja. •. These |