(1) Cud

worth's Life

of the In

4to Lond.

1743.

fcience (000). Nor did he fail of making

ufe

Mr. Zachary Cradock was recommended to the fecretary by this gentleman, for the place of chaplain to the by Dr.Birch, English merchants at Lisbon. He was afterwards proprefixed to volt of Eaton, and greatly celebrated for his genius and the first vol, learning (t). Dr. John Pell, eminent for his skill in tellectual the mathematics, in the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Syftem, p. 8. Italian, French, Spanish, and High and Low Dutch languages, was appointed envoy from the protector to the ()Birch's proteftant cantons in Swifferland (u). Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Petty was ordered by Oliver, to take a furvey, and make maps of the kingdom of Ireland, for which he had a falary of 3651. per ann. befides many (x) Wood's other advantages which enabled him to raise a great eftate (x). And it is faid, however improbably, That • Cromwell was fo pleased with many of Mr. Hobbes's principles laid down in the Leviathan, which tended to juftify and fupport his ufurpation, that the great place of being fecretary was proffered to him (y).'

Life of Boyle, p. 117, 8vo.

Lond. 1744.

Athenæ, vol. ii. c. 8c8.

(y) Id. c. 646.

If to thefe inftances, we add Milton, Mr. Marvel, and Mr. Merland before mentioned, together with Nat. Bacon, author of the celebrated difcourfes on government, who was one of Cromwell's mafters of requests, Francis Ofborn, a writer of good repute, who had public employments under him, and Mr. Samuel Hartlib, to whom he allowed one hundred pounds a year for his induftry and expences in feveral publick fervices; we fhall be convinced that he was not deftitute of men of abilities, or negligent of employing them in a manner honourable to themfelves, as well as advantagious to the nation.

(000) He favoured learning, and was munificent to fuch as excelled in fcience.] We have feen in the two preceding notes, the care of the protector to select men capable of tranfacting public business in an honourable and useful manner to the community of which he had taken on himfelf to be the head. Moft of these were well verfed in the fciences, and confequently would,

ufe of the methods of kindness and condefcen

3773. And

well enough, have ferved for proofs of Cromwell's favour to the learned. I fhall add however others, that his regard to learning may be put out of a poffibility of doubt.Oliver was chancellour of the university of Oxford, and within a year after his affuming the protectorate, at his own charge, he bestowed on the public library there, twenty five antient manufcripts; ten of 'which were in folio, and fourteen in quarto, all in • Greek, except two or three. He moreover ordered to a private divinity reader there (newly chofen to that place) an annuity of one hundred pounds per annum, (z) Mercuout of the exchequer, for the faid reader's encourage- rius Politiment (z),'- -When the great defign was on foot of cus, No. publishing the Polyglott, by Dr. Walion, the protector 223. P. permitted the paper to be imported duty free*. And Whitlock, 'tis a fact, attefted by his very enemies, that he hin- p. 605. dered the fale of archbishop Uher's valuable library of prints and manufcripts, to foreigners, and caused it to be purchased, and fent over to Dublin, with an intention to bestow it on a new college or hall, which he (a) See had proposed to build and endow there (a). Dr. Parr of Ufher, and Dr. Smith fay, the purchase was made by the of- p. 102. ficers and foldiers of the army in Ireland, but how this is confiftent with Parr's faying afterwards, that when this library was brought over into Ireland, the ufurper and his fon, who then commanded in chief there, would not beftow it on the college of Dublin,' is very hard to fay. I presume they would not have claimed the right of beftowing, if they had not acquired that right by purchafing. Dr. Smith, fenfible of this, has varied from his original, (for he is little more than a tranflator of Parr) and attributes both purchase, re

Towards the clofe of Walton's preface we find the following words: Primo autem commemorandi quorum favore Chartam a Vectigalibus immunem habuimus, quod quinque ab hinc annis, a Concilio fecretiori primo conceffum, poftea a Sereniffimo D. Protectore ejufque Concilio, operis promovendi caufa, benigne confirmatum et continuatum erat.

Parr's Life

fufal

(b) Vita

Jacobi Uile

Thoma

Doctore &

Ecclefice

Prefbytero, prefixed to Ufher's Annals, Geneva, 1722.

scention, in several refpects, to conciliate

the

fufal of beftowing on the college of Dublin, and intention of erecting a new building for its reception, to the rii Scriptore, officers and foldiers only (b) -Smith however allows with Parr, that Cromwell had the merit of hindering the Smiho S. exportation of this valuable library into foreign parts; Theologiæ, and with aftonishment crys out, 6 Quis autem crederet hominem, enthufiafmi furoribus fubindè correptum, Anglicana ⚫ & humanioris literaturæ oforem, caviffe, ne thefaurus ifte extra Angliam, non fine fumma injuria genti inurendâ, exportaretur?' His aftonishment would have ceafed, had he known the true character of the proFolio, p. 55. tector.But to go on. A representation having been made to the parliament of the commonwealth of England, by the gentlemen of the county of Durham, and fent up by the high fheriff to the parliament, inter alia, that the college and houfes of the dean and chapter, being then empty and in decay, might be employed for erecting a college, fchool, or academy for the benefit of the northern counties, which are fo far from the univerfities; and that part of the lands of the dean and chapter near the city, might be fet out for pious ufes it was referred to a committee to ftate the bufinefs and report their opinion. This was in May, 1650. From this time till about feven years after, we hear no more of it. But on the 15th of May, 1657, the Lord Protector, by writ of privy feal, erected a college at Durham, confifting of one provost or mafter, two preachers or fenior fellows, and twelve other fellows. And

for the endowment of the faid college, the cathedral church and church-yard of Durham, and the feveral meffuages with their appurtenances thereunto belongC ing were granted. To these were added a yearly rent-charge of one hundred and feventeen pounds, fifteen fhillings and eight pence, and another of five ⚫ hundred pounds iffuing out of the manors of Gateshead and Wickham in the faid county of Durham, as alfo one other of two hundred eighty-four pounds, four

• fhil

the (PPP) affections of his enemies to his perfon

Memoirs of

Collection

Pieces, P.

60. 4to

fhillings and four pence, iffuing out of lands lately belonging to the bifhop or dean and chapter of that diocefe. Befides all thefe donations, the books prin⚫ted and manuscript belonging to the late bifhop dean and chapter were added, and a liberty of purchafing or receiving lands, not exceeding the yearly value (c) Peck's of fix thousand pounds (c).' We may fee by this, that Oliver Oliver was a friend to learning, and zealous to promote it: Cromwell, but whether the means in this inftance made ufe of, were among the the most eligible, must be left to the reader to determine. of curious -I had forgot to add, that this foundation of a college hiftorical at Durham was oppofed by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and that it was but of a fhort duration. Lond. 1740. For on Richard's refignation, it of courfe droppedI will mention but one inftance more of the Protector's regard and encouragement of literary merit. Dr. Seth Ward, who was afterward bifhop of Exeter and Sarum fucceffively, ftanding candidate, in the year 1657, for the principalfhip of Jefus college in Oxford, loft it through means of Cromwell's pre-engagement to another. But upon being informed of the merit and learning of Ward, (who had fucceeded the very learned Mr. John Greaves as aftronomy profeffor in that univerfity) he received and converfed with him with great freedom, and enquiring of the value of the principal hip, (d) Howe's promised to allow him the like fum annually (d). This Life by CaDr. Ward became after the reftoration a thoroughpaced court-bishop, applying himself to politics, and adhering to the intereft of those to whom he owed his preferments. I think he never fhewed any return of kindness to the friends of Cromwell.

(PPP) He made use of the methods of kindness and condefcention to his enemies.] Here are my authorities. The nobles and great men, fays Bates (for with fome few of them he had an intimacy) he delighted with raillery and jefting, contended with them in mimical geftures, and entertained them with merry collations,

mufick,

lamy, P. 19.

perfon and government. These were fome

of

mufick, hunting and hawking.When he was in the country, he ufed once or oftner a year, to give the (e) Part ii. neighbours a buck, to be run down in his park, and

P. 195.

.

money to buy wine to make merry with (e).'-The following account, we are told, was delivered by Dr. Thomas Smith, and was firft published by Mr. Thomas Hearne, in his Appendix to the Chronicon de Dunftable. I will relate a paffage, that the marquis told me concerning the old marquis of Hartford. A little after the death of the lord Beauchamp his fon, in the year 1656, (which was of unfpeakable grief to him) the Protector fent Sir Edward Sidenham to him, to con⚫ dole with him for the great lofs he had fuftained, and many fine words and compliments befides. The marquifs of Hartford would have been glad Cromwell had spared that ceremony; but however received it in the best manner he could; and returned a fuitable acknowledgment for the fame. Some time after this Cromwell fent again to invite the marquifs to dine with him: which this great and brave nobleman knew not how to wave or excufe; confidering it was in • Cromwell's power to ruin him, and all his family. Therefore fent him word he would wait upon his highnefs. In a little time after he went accordingly, and Cromwell received him with open arms; and at dinner drank to him, and carved for him with the greatest kindness imaginable. After dinner, he took him by the hand, and led him into his drawing-room, where (only they two being alone) he told the marquifs, he had defired his company, that he might have his advice what to do. For, faid he, I am not able to bear the weight of business that is upon me; I am weary of it; and you, my lord, are a great and wife man, and of great experience, and have been much verft in the business of government; pray advise me what I fhall do. The marquifs was much furprized at this difcourfe of the Protector's, and

• defired