Environment and CultureIrwin Altman, Joachim F. Wohlwill Springer Science & Business Media, 30 ապր, 1980 թ. - 352 էջ Following upon the first two volumes in this series, which dealt with a broad spectrum of topics in the environment and behavior field, ranging from theoretical to applied, and including disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and professionally oriented approaches, we have chosen to devote sub sequent volumes to more specifically defined topics. Thus, Volume Three dealt with Children and the Environment, seen from the combined perspective of researchers in environmental and developmental psy chology. The present volume has a similarly topical coverage, dealing with the complex set of relationships between culture and the physical environment. It is broad and necessarily eclectic with respect to content, theory, methodology, and epistemological stance, and the contributors to it represent a wide variety of fields and disciplines, including psy chology, geography, anthropology, economics, and environmental de sign. We were fortunate to enlist the collaboration of Amos Rapoport in the organization and editing of this volume, as he brings to this task a particularly pertinent perspective that combines anthropology and ar chitecture. Volume Five of the series, presently in preparation, will cover the subject of behavioral science aspects of transportation. Irwin Altman Joachim F. Wohlwill ix Contents Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 CROSS-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AMOS RAPOPORT Introduction 7 Culture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Environmental Design 10 The Relationship of Culture and Environmental Design . . . . . . . . . 15 The Variability of Culture-Environment Relations 19 Culture-Specific Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Designing for Culture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Implications for the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 CHAPTER 2 CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH METHODS: STRATEGIES, PROBLEMS, ApPLICATIONS RICHARD W. |
Բովանդակություն
Introduction | 1 |
CHAPTER | 7 |
Environmental Design 10 ឆ៩៩៩៩ បាន | 15 |
CultureSpecific Environments | 26 |
Implications for the Future | 39 |
Overview of Chapter | 49 |
Procedures for Using EmicEtic | 55 |
The Plausible Rival Hypothesis Approach | 62 |
A Case Study | 194 |
Directions of Future Study | 205 |
The Interpretation of Places | 215 |
The Cultural Idiom | 221 |
Summary Uncertainties and Future Work | 236 |
The Process of Rational Choice | 254 |
Adaptive Styles and the Problem of Control | 262 |
The Social Limits to Growth | 270 |
Multiple Methods and Multiple Data Points | 68 |
Human Relations in CrossCultural Research | 74 |
CULTURAL ECOLOGY | 83 |
Comparative Studies of Individual | 91 |
Individual Adaptation to Environmental | 100 |
PERSONAL SPACE CROWDING | 107 |
Personal Space | 113 |
Cultural Investigations of Personal Space | 120 |
Subcultural Investigations of Personal Space | 134 |
Crowding and Culture | 156 |
Spatial Behavior and Environmental Design | 167 |
TERRITORY IN URBAN SETTINGS | 179 |
References | 276 |
Differences in Physical Events | 286 |
Cognition Perception and Adjustment | 293 |
Consequences of Hazard | 299 |
Four Ways of Coping with Hazard | 305 |
References | 314 |
54 | 319 |
The Harmonization Game | 327 |
A Proposal for the Peruvian Amazonia | 336 |
345 | |
347 | |
Common terms and phrases
acculturation adaptation adjustment Aiello American analysis approach areas become Berry Brislin Chicago choice cognitive cognitive style concept context cross-cultural research crowding cultural ecology cultural groups dyads earthquake ecological economic effects emics emics and etics Enkidu environmental ethnic example factors females Figure flood floodplain Hall's human behavior human response Hutterites important individual influence institutions interac interaction distances interpersonal distance investigations Japanese Journal life-style males material meaning measures ment natural hazards noncontact observations occupancy pairs patterns perception personal space physical environment placement plaza population density Press problem proxemic behavior Puerto Rican Rapoport relationship residents resource settings similar social place Social Psychology society Sociometry spatial behavior specific strategies studies subcultural subcultural groups subjects suggested symbolic symbolic interactionism Tanzania techniques territorial behavior tion tural University urban variables Xhosa York