EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT— July-Superintendent Waller, 35. Educational Congress State Appropriation, 36. To Readers of The Pennsylvania School Journat, 36. Lower Merion Township: Ex-State Supt. Hickok, 37. University Extension: Summer Meeting at University of Pennsylvania, 38. August-A Good Law-Exhibit by Dr. Warren at the Fair-Not "the Oldest"-Reception to Prof. Robert M. Cargo, 86. Dr. Theo. B. Noss-Advice from a Lady at Chicago, 87. "Death's Crown,"-Now or Never: The Columbian Exposition-Auxiliary Supervision of Schools, 88. Township High Schools, 89. September-Good on All Lines, 127. Promotion Without Examination-School Legislation, 129. Does the Superintendent Earn His Salary? 130. House for the Teacher-Success in Teaching, 131. Elementary Instruction, 132. Decency and Good Morals, 133. Upright Penmanship-Training of the Hand, 134. Dawn of a New Age, 135. Congress of Education, 136. October-Autumn Arbor Day: Official Circular, 173. School Arbor Day, 174. Our Subscription List, 175. Class in Reading, 176. Wilkes-Barre, 177. Ends of Teaching, 178. Mercersburg College: Dr. E. E. Higbee, 179. Teachers at the Fair, 180. November-Statistics of Public Schools of Pennsylvania, Erie, Titusville and Edinboro, 220. School Outhouses: Circular of Co. Supt. Taylor, 221. Educational Exhibits at World's Fair, 222. Prof. Josiah Jackson, 223. The Good Ship "Welcome," 224. Fall Arbor Day, etc., 225. December-The Study of Children-Teachers at World's Fair, 257. Two Venerable Men, 258. School Outhouses, 258. The County Institute, 260. Should School Examinations be Abolished? 261. "By Their Fruits": The Men Who Were Made Under the Old Regime, 262. Provisional Certificates, 263. Personal Interest-Growth of Children, 266. Commercial High School, 268. January-Get Back to First Principles-Wedding Bells, 304. Rural Schools-Classical Studies, 305. Young Teachefs-Hazleton High School-Superannuated Teachers, 306. Elections in School Houses, 307. Convention of Superintendents, 308. Teachers' Institutes, 309. Alexander Ramsey, 310. Our Forestry Interest, 31I. "Article X.-Education:" Its Evolution in Our State Constitution of 1873, 313. Cigarette Smoking-School Boys' League, 315. Co February-Editorial Notes, 347. College Graduates, 349. The Golden Egg, 351. The University of the State of New York, 352. "Overthrift," 353. Directors' Institute, 354. lumbian Stamps, 356. Reading the Bible, 357. School Outhouses: Law of State of New York, 357. Modified Foot-Ball, 358. State School Funds: Proper Distribution of State Appropriation, 361. March-Our Free List-Philadelphia Schools and the Appropriation-Pennsylvania Ranks Thirteenth Among the States, 414. State Meeting in July-Childhood Impressions, 415. Our Colleges-The Altoona Meeting, 416. Goddess Educa, etc., 417. April-Arbor Day Proclamation of Governor The Pattison, 435. Dr. Wm. T. Harris Re-appointed, 436. National Association at Asbury Park, 437. Statistics of the United States"What Hath God Wrought," 439. Spring Arbor Day, 441. Colonial Times, 442. Darby Borough, 443. Farmer and the Farm: Education of the Farmer's Sons and Daughters 444. Sloyd in Pittsburg-Vaccination in the Public Schools, 447. Kansas Leads," 448. Business Methods, 449. The Right Man: Good Fortune of Phila. High School, 449. May-Editorial Notes, 488. Programme of State Teachers' Association, 492. High School Commencements, 493. The Good Work Goes On, 494. Public Sehools, 495. The Modest Hero, 496. Exhibition of School Work at State Meeting, 497. New Science Hall-"Fiat Money," 498. Nineteenth Arbor Day at Lancaster: Addresses of Dr. J. T. Rothrock and State Supt. Schaeffer, 499. June-The Human Eye-Summer Schools, 544. Dr. Higbee's Teubner Classics-College Outrages, 545. Delaware Boundary, 546. The State Association, 547. A Country Education, 548. National Meeting at Asbury Park, Programme, 549. New School Boards, 550. Good News from Iowa, 551. Cultivate the Memory, 552. New Seminary Building-Gettysburg, 553. Committee of Ten: Suggestions, 554. Educational Exhibit at the World's Fair, 51. Educational Interest of the Commonwealth.Sixtieth Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Pennsylvania: Certificates of College GraduatesGraduation in Public Schools-Free Text Books-The Five Millions-State Normal Schools-Dying Teachers-Holidays-Continuous School Year-Nathan C. Schaeffer, 281. Educational Values, True Standard of, 327. Education of Girls-M. V. E. Cabell, 210. Edward Thring, 169. Elections in School Houses, 307. Electrical Wonderland, 76. Elementary Instruction, 132. England's Greatest Schoolmaster, 141. Fall Arbor Day, 225. Famine of the Soul-George W. Briggs, 333. Fiat Money," 498. First Ideas: Immense Stock in Early Years, 202. Four Outlines: Better than Gold, 482. Girls, Education of-M. V. E. Cabell, 210. Grace and Truth-David Swing, 236. Growth of Children, 266. Half an Hour with Plato, 206. Henry Ward Beecher on Heredity, 515. High School Commencements, 493. High Schools in Boroughs, 274. High School, Place of-E. T. Jeffers, 393. How the Young are Decoyed, 166. Importance of the Class in Reading, 176. "Inasmuch :" High School Helping Hand, 252. Items from Reports, 46, 138, 184, 229, 267, 321, John Milton as Educator-Phillips Brooks, 214. Jolly Old Saint Nicholas (Song), 280. Jones's Dream: "Record as Director," 331. Joy the Root of Morality-Edwin Arnold, 518. Keeping up with Children, 157. Let Him First Be a Man-W. H. Venable, 533. Letter of Pope Leo XIII., 219. Letter Writing: Neglected in Schools, 474. Lighting of School Rooms-A. P. Marble, 480. Mollie Pitcher-Benj. M. Nead, 343. lah Land," and "All Hail the Power," 326; "Try, Try Again," and "Little Things," 372; "Twickenham Ferry"-Theo. Marzials, 510; OFFICIAL DEPARTMENT.-Recent Legislation : Relating to County Superintendents-Free Text-Books for Schools-Permanent Certifi- cates to College Graduates—Salaries of County Superintendents-Appropriations to the State Normal Schools-Suitable and Convenient Outhouses in Interest of Decency-Children of Soldiers-Auditors in Independent Dis- tricts-School Accommodations-Tax Col- lectors-Compulsory Education: Text of Bill and Veto Message-New Dog Tax Law- Items from Reports, 39. Borough Superinten- dents Elected-Questions and Answers: De- cision as to Free Text-Books and School Sup- plies-Labor Day-State Trustee-Superin- tendents' Salaries: Opinion of Attorney Gen- eral Hensel-Paying School Directors: Bill Vetoed-Items from Reports, 90. Session of County Teachers' Institutes-Care of Free Text-Books-Items from Monthly Re- ports, 137. College Graduate Certificates- State Appropriation--County Institutes- Chil- dren of Soldiers-Items from Reports, 182. Legal Half Holidays Not School Holidays- Certificates to College Graduates: Conditions on Which Granted by the Department-Opin- ion of Attorney-General Hensel-Items from Reports, 227. Superintendent Elected-Ques- tions and Answers-High Schools, Borough- Permanent Certificates-Items from Reports, 269. Superintendent Elected-College Grad- uate Certificates-Legal Decision as to Water Tax-Relation of the High School to the Col- lege in Pennsylvania-Items from Reports, 316. Free Text-Books and Subscription Schools Suitable and Convenient Outhouses on School Grounds-Soldiers' Orphans' In- dustrial School-Items from Reports of Super- intendents, 364. Certificates to College Grad- uates--Duty of School Boards: Publishing Annual Financial Statement-Vaccination : Text of Decision by Judge Metzgar, of Wil- liamsport-Items from Reports, 452. Blank Form for District Reports-Normal School Examinations-Items from Reports- Normal School Trustees, 504. To Superinten- dents-College graduates, 556. Course of Study at Normal Schools, 557. Normal School Our Call to Duty: Many Ages and Many Think- Our Hope: Gentlemen of School Boys-M. W. Pollution of Pennsylvania Waters-Henry C. Ford, 486. Praise as a Stimulus to Effort-Louise Foster, 31. Primary Spelling Lesson, 529. Prince Bismarck in Berlin-Edwin B. Chubb, 425. Professor Blackie and His Pupil, 515. Psychology as a Fad, 162. Purifying the Air of School Rooms-W. W. Purity of Heart Strengthens the Mind, 152. Questions and Answers, 183, 227, 269, 316. Rapid Reckoning, 165. Reading-G. P. Brown, 293. Reading Books Discarded at Springfield-Thos. Reading the Bible, 357. Relation of High and Normal Schools, 379. Responsibility of Parent-K. T. Wiggin, 241. Right Kind of Recreation: Outing Club for the Season, 431. Robin Redbreast (Music), 187. Rote Teaching: "Words Without Meaning," 341. Rural Public Schools-H. N. Jarchow, 485. School Arbor Day, 175. School Legislation, 129. School Music-David M. Kelsey, 324. School Outhouses, 357. Scolding Habit-R. H. Holbrook, 472. Short Sightedness, 106. Showing the Spectrum-W. W. Deatrick, 158. Six Thousand Square Miles-J. T. Rothrock, 422. Slate Blackboards, 255. Sloyd in Pittsburgh, 447. Soldiers' Orphans' Industrial School, 365. Solemn Words of Truth and Soberness-David Swing, 95. Some Needed Legislation-R. K. Buehrle, 388. Song of the Brook, 470. Sowing and Reaping, 104. Speak Gently (Music), 94. Spelling and Writing Problems-T. B. Noss, 303. Spring Arbor Day, 441. State Appropriation, 182. State Board of Health, Circular to Directors, 477. State School Funds, 361. Study of English High and Graded Schools, 405. "Sum-Books :" Reminiscences of School Days, T. J. Chapman, 297. Supt. W. A. Derremer: In Memoriam-Lelia E. Patridge, 423. Talking-Carrie Norton, 532. Teach Children to Work, 247. Teachers at the World's Fair, 180. Teaching Spelling, 100. The Old Cottage Clock (Song), 48. The Professor's Awakening, 117. The Schools and the Appropriation-David McMullen, 253. The Spelling Problem, 256. The Spirit Stays: "The Bonny Face of Lucy Stone," 335. The Swallow: An Egyptian and a Circassian Tale, 216. The Teachers' Institute: What a Good Institute Does, etc., 154. The Training of the Boy: Address to Pittsburg Teachers-W. F. Oldham, 425. The Vanishing State Forest: Work of Forestry Commission, 432. Thomas Arnold: England's Typical and Greatest Schoolmaster, 141. Those Deep Words, Grace and Truth: The Physical and Moral Worlds are Full of the Creator's Goodness-David Swing, 235. Thoughts from Huxley, 300. Tobacco and Color Blindness, 516. Township High Schools, 89. Training of the Hand, 134. Triumph for Women, 68. Truancy and Irregular Attendance-S. A. Baer, 401. True Standard of Educational Values, 327. Tyndall's Influence on the Teaching of Natural Twickenham Ferry (Music), 510. Two, Too, To, 151. Uncle Tom's Cabin: Epoch-Making-Book, 205. University of the State of New York, 352. Up the Hills (Music)-Rossini, 48. What One Girl Did, 116. What We Know of the Sun, 196. Where Examinations Fail-E. E. Hale, 171. Where They Read Most: The Homes in the Who Can Tell?-Alfred Bayliss, 335. Wise Decision, a, 256. Words to be Avoided, 517. Work: Its Perennial Nobleness and Sacredness -Thomas Carlyle, 32. World's Fairs, 84. Your Head to the Engine, 481. A LITTLE over two years ago the site department, and millions of dollars will Fair at Chicago was practically a wild marsh. To-day it contains several hundred buildings, and Director-General Davis estimates the wealth represented by the buildings and exhibits as something like $150,000,000. Fifty nations and thirtyseven colonies are represented. Added to these are the United States Government and the various states and territories of the Union. Roughly speaking, the grounds contain six hundred acres. They are over a mile long and more than half a mile broad at the widest part. The distance from the middle of Chicago is seven miles. One side of the grounds runs along the great lake and the other side faces hundreds of hotels and stores hurriedly erected at the smallest possible cost. There is a strip of land six hundred feet wide and a mile long, extending from the main grounds. eastward, and this is the Midway Plaisance which contains the side-shows and private enterprises. The whole Exposition will be open from an early hour in the morning until ten o'clock at night, and the price of admission is fifty cents. The Exposition is marked off into three great divisions. At the north end is the Art Palace, surrounded by the separate buildings of the States, Territories and foreign Governments. This is the social be spent in the entertainment of visitors Here It was the genius of Frederick L. Olmstead that turned the waters of Lake Michigan into lagoons, ponds, basins and canals, with bridges and terraces to beautify the place. Every main building can be reached by water. There are fifty electric launches and scores of gondolas oared by picturesque Venetians. It costs twenty-five cents a trip on the launches, and the gondolas can be employed at so much an hour. An intermural elevated electric railway penetrates to all parts of the grounds, and visitors can make their rounds with great rapidity if they do not care to walk. Around the great basin is grouped the formal architecture. At one end is the noble peristyle with its Corinthian columns, pierced in the middle by the great Columbian portal, on the top of which is a magnificent group representing a chariot drawn by four horses abreast. Flanking this quadriga are statues representing the States and Territories. The peristyle connects the Music Hall and Casino. where a grand orchestra will storm the gates of heaven with harmony. either side of the basin are the facades of the Agricultural Building and the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. The principal corners of the Electricity Building and Machinery Hall are projected into this grand court of honor. On Between them is the Administration Building, which serves as a vast vestibule. The pomp and splendor of this structure are beyond description. It is in the form of four massive pavilions, united and crowned by a mighty golden dome that flashes 250 feet above the ground. Each of the pavilions is eighty-four feet square, and the dome is 120 feet in diameter. The colossal entrances are rich in sculpture, and the piers of the pavilions are crested with statuary. At every point the eye meets with some striking group. The interior of the dome is lit by an opening of fifty feet, the light disclosing panels enriched with sculpture and vast paintings representing the arts and sciences. Mr. Dodge's great fresco occupies the upper rim of the dome. This is the seat of government. In the four pavilions are the headquarters of the Director-General, the Foreign Department, and the Department of Publicity and Promotion. Here the purely executive work is carried on, the construction headquarters being in the Service Building. During the construction period Director-General Davis has commanded more than fifteen thousand at a time, and Major Handy, of the Bureau of Publicity, has supplied a list of 70,000 correspondents. From this building messages are going out constantly to the most remote corners of the world. It must be understood that the Exposition is a city, with a complete government. There are over fifty thousand exhibitors, and two persons for each interest represented would give a fixed population of 100,000. There are well organized and equipped police and fire departments. The Columbian Guard is an independent body of police numbering in the neighborhood of two thousand men, largely made up of ex-soldiers. This body is commanded by Colonel Edmund Price, of the United States Army, and all of its superior officers are detailed from the army. The men are uniformed like soldiers, wear short swords and are under strict military discipline. They present a fine appearance scattered about the grounds. Police and fire stations are placed at strategic points, and the floors of all the buildings are patrolled night and day as a protection against fire. Standing at the foot of the Administration Building the visitor is thrilled by his surroundings. Beside him, in the main entrance, is St. Gauden's fine statue of Columbus. In front of him is the wonderful McMonies fountain, and on either side of it the big fountains that throw up masses of electric-lighted water in thousands of tints at night. Beyond is the smooth basin which is crowded with gondolas and launches. Farther on is the huge figure of the Republic rising out of the water on a pedestal with the peristyle as a background. To the left are the towers and recessed pilasters of Machinery Hall, the obelisk, and the small peristyle. The water that flows in front of Machinery Hall divides it from the Agricultural Building, whose florid capitals, masses of statuary and gilded dome, surmounted by Diana, add an indescribable richness to the general effect. On the north side is the grand façade of the largest building in the world, whose thirty acres are devoted to manufactures and liberal arts. The walls of this edifice measure almost a mile, and the stupendous hinged arch spans the main floor at a height of 150 feet. Yet its fluted columns, triumphal arches and vast loggia have converted this architectural leviathan into a thing of beauty. From the roof of this huge building beams the biggest electric search light ever constructed. It has reflectors six feet in diameter, and gives a light of 194,000,000 candle power. It is asserted by those in charge of this light that people sixty miles away can read by the reflected illumination at night. Following the canal, which is spanned by graceful bridges on which are life |