that the exhibits would be all that could be expected, but they had grave fears. that the artistic character of the grounds and buildings would be lacking in genuine merit. Now that the Fair has been opened, every visitor is first struck with the marvelous architectural and artistic beauty of the buildings and the perfection of the grounds. The buildings are palaces and the grounds are gardens.

"The artists who conceived and executed this marvelous undertaking have given a new illustration of Lytton's definition of art-'The effort of man to express the ideas suggested to him by nature of a power above nature, whether that power lie within his own being or within that great first power of which nature, like himself, is only an effect.'

"When one gazes upon this marvelous combination of artistic beauty, one's only regret is that the masters of ancient Greek art could not reappear upon earth long enough to gaze upon this entire city of art which has been created by the master minds of the nineteenth century. They would probably then realize more fully than ever before that the artists of the world often do more for its progress than its philosophers. For in ancient Greece, while philosophers often aimed to humanize the gods, every artist aimed to deify humanity.

66

Speaking of the Greeks, the word 'idiot,' when traced back to one of their dialects, originally meant a person lacking in public spirit. I think in the present day any one who fails to appreciate the great work which has been accomplished in bringing to perfection this international exposition is sufficiently lacking in public spirit to be worthy the name of 'idiot.'

"The existence of the Fair is in itself a liberal education to our people. It is every day teaching by great object lessons. The effect upon our people of bringing together here typical representatives of all the different nations, is equivalent to making a trip around the world. It has already taught our young people the great advantage of studying foreign languages. I find that under the stimulus of meeting so many foreigners, many persons who possessed only a meager book knowledge of some of the foreign languages are now speaking these languages more fluently, and many who had never made any study of languages are now taking them up and making very rapid progress in acquiring a speaking knowl

edge of them. It has taught our people, also, to give more attention to familiarizing themselves with the manners and customs of other countries, and the etiquette which exists in polite society in other nations, and is bringing into close contact influential men from all sections of our own country who otherwise would never make the personal acquaintance of one another. It will make the different sections of the land much better acquainted than formerly, and overcome many stupid local prejudices.

"But there is still a greater view which may be taken of the subject. The occasion of our Columbian celebration has been the means of sowing much good seed which will soon bear ripe fruit in the shape of permanent peace among foreign lands. For instance: The occasion brought together the naval fleets of ten of the first-class powers of the world to participate in our memorable Columbian naval review in New York harbor, and for the first time in history all these armed naval forces landed and marched in one harmonious column through the streets of a Nation's metropolis. While the guns of the fleet were firing, not in anger, but in respectful salutes, one of the most | dangerous questions which has arisen between our country and Great Britain-the Behring Sea difficulty-was being quietly settled by a peaceable tribunal sitting in Paris. I regard the Columbian review as the greatest peace congress that ever assembled.

"Looking at the Fair from a commercial standpoint, every business man in the country should feel personally identified with its triumphant success. It will make our country better known than ever before throughout the world, and will undoubtedly greatly extend our foreign commercial relations.

It

"The general government is irrevocably committed to doing its full duty toward making the Fair a success. has made appropriations; has sent notifications to foreign governments, and has invited foreign guests to the Exposition; and in the eyes of the world is as thoroughly identified with the Fair and committed to its success as the city which inaugurated it.

"Chicago presents the spectacle of every official and every private citizen stepping forth to extend the most generdus hospitality to all who come to visit the Exposition, and I feel certain that

every right-thinking citizen who visits the Fair intelligently will go home a staunch advocate in its cause, and will advise every one he meets not to miss under any circumstances an opportunity of seeing a sight which he will not be likely to see again in his lifetime. In making a thorough success of the great Exposition it is not the reputation of Chicago which is at stake; it is the reputation of the United States.'

PENNSYLVANIA.

WHAT THE KEYSTONE STATE HAS TO SHOW AT THE FAIR.

In

HE Pennsylvania Building has a wide, cool-looking piazza full of easy wicker easy chairs, inviting and restful to the many worn and foot-sore pilgrims who seek its shade; and the broad strip of flower-bed about the house is pleasant to see. the rotunda you find the old Liberty Bell receiving the homage of hundreds daily. The rotunda runs through the building, while right and left are two suites of apartments. On the right is the reception room. The rich dark tones of the woodwork and furnishings are relieved by oil paintings, and a piano from a Philadelphia firm stands between the two large windows. From here to the smoking room whose sofas and easy chairs would tempt almost any one to rest awhile. This room leads to a general reception room, which runs the entire length of this side of the house. The women's reception room is very attractive. A rich carpet in a deep tone of green gives the keynote to the color arrangement, which is carried out in varying shades in the window hanging and in the foliage of the panels on the walls. Three large windows open on the porch outside. On the other side of the room a doorway divides two wall spaces which are covered with panels. The larger one to the right is the work of Mrs. Bush-Brown, of Philadelphia, and shows a group of young people dancing around a tree in full blossom. Miss Sarah Dobson painted the smaller panel on the other side of the door. The remaining wall space, a very large one, shows a picture from the brush of Miss Gabriella Clements.

Between the panels, cutting off a corner, is a mantleplace of white maple. Above this hangs a beautiful plaster panel

64

by Miss Slater, which bears the legend: Art sanctifies the sorrows of the world." Above this in a niche stands a little statuette symbolizing art. The furniture is in green and gold and the case of the beautiful piano, which stands near the windows, was made especially for the room.

From this apartment, through a short passageway, the walls of which are lined with etchings from Philadelphia women, you pass to a room which corresponds in location to the smoking room on the other side of the house. This is also a woman's parlor, and contains only the work of women. A deep green carpet and walls of the same tint carry further the idea of the larger room, while the light muslin curtains at the windows and the white maple woodwork give it a light, airy appearance. A china closet over the mantel with curiously shaped glass doors and another larger one which stands at the end of the room contain a beautiful exhibit of china painting. Along the wainscoting, too, all around the room, these charming bits of ceramics are hung, making a unique display and one not excelled by any other of its kind at the Fair. This exhibit is the work of the Ceramic Club of Philadelphia. In this room a window by Mrs. Sweeny, of Philadelphia, gleams and glows under a touch of sunlight. The furniture is a reproduction of the old William Penn furniture, and the colonial days are revived in many objects which stand around. The whole arrangement and planning of the women's rooms is the work of Miss Emily Sartain.

From the rotunda, two flights of steps lead to the floor above. On one side are the rooms of the commissioners and the Governor's room, the latter in dark wood and rich crimson tones, with the keystone appearing in every place convenient for ornamentation. There is a Philadelphia room also on this floor, which is filled with quaint, old-fashioned furniture, and on whose walls are oil paintings of Mayors Stuart, Fitler and Stokley, and photographs of the Councils' committee for the World's Fair. Most important of all, there is a newspaper room on this floor, in which all the Pennsylvania papers are on file. E. C. McKean, formerly of the Erie Dispatch, has charge of this department, and expresses surprise at the number of papers that are represented. Preparations were made for about 100, but there are on file to-day

400 newspapers, 200 of which are dailies. Next to this room is a well-lighted, cheerful apartment devoted to the use of press people. Desks and tables are there in abundance, stationery, and all appliances to make it a very agreeable stopping-place for the fraternity. A telephone and telegraph, with the post office down stairs, fill in all the wants of the correspondents who take advantage of the place.

Among all the exhibits which Pennsylvania has sent to the Fair, the most important for many reasons is its educational exhibit. In the gallery of the Liberal Arts building are all educational exhibits, and at the south end you will find that of Pennsylvania. The work of The work of the State public schools is shown in a series of three-sided alcoves, the entrance to which is through a high arched doorway. A white glass panel over the door holds in blue letters the name of the State. Each city has its separate alcove, and all grades of work, from the kindergarten to the higher manual school, are shown. This arrangement is faulty on account of the repetition it involves. Other States have divided the work according to school grades. The Harrisburg and Allegheny schools have come out strong in drawing, and the manual work of the Philadelphia schools is something to be proud of. The University of Pennsylvania has a very telling exhibit and contains some features which are not found in any other in the building. Their space, inclosed by a wall of simple classic design, the work of the Architectural School, is separated into five divisions, in which the exhibit has been admirably arranged under the supervision of Mr. E. W. Mumford, assistant secretary of the University. The first space is a sort of reception room, containing photographs of classes, fraternities and athletic teams. A case 5 feet by 6 is sufficient to hold a collection of books, the work of the staff of the University. Maps from the Wharton School of Political Economy hang on the wall, while the display of pen sketches and water colors from the department of architecture brightens a great deal of space. The plates of the famous Muybridge collection are all in this room. In the corner stands a clock made by David Rittenhouse and presented by him to the University when he was a trustee in 1787. A feature peculiar to the University is the work from its veterinary department.

The next space-division is devoted to biology and medicine. The microtome shown here, used for cutting microscopic sections for iuvestigation, is the largest and best of its kind ever made, and is the invention of Dr. Greenman, of the University. It will make shavings of preparations 25-1000 of an inch in thickness. The next division is given to psychology, and work will be done there all summer. The casual visitor, who wishes to have his sensory impressions tested by one of the numerous devices for the purpose, may learn how long it takes him to see a revolving disc, or to feel a pin prick, and so on. The last and largest division is given to archæology, a department in which the University is richer than any other place of learning. This room contains twenty cases full of precious exhibits. Down the centre of the apartment a large double case holds the treasures which the famous Babylonian expedition, sent out by the University, brought back. A number of little clay tablets, with their queer looking inscriptions, reveal chapters of the daily life of the Babylonian when translated. They are the lists of taxes, price lists, tithes, etc., and the University owns about 5,000 of them. A little group of stilts used in pottery to hold the ware in burning is exactly like those used to day in Trenton, N. J., several of which stand by for comparison. And toys are here, too, showing that the tastes of childhood vary very little with time. Little lions and tigers and various animal shapes show a wonderful nicety in modeling. These little images are found principally in the graves of children. The Egyptian and Cyprian exhibit, sent by Mrs. E. L. Stevenson, of the University, take up two sides of the room. The mummies in this collection excite much curiosity, and I overheard one girl ask her friend if she thought it was a real mummy, while one old farmer asked Mr. Mumford if it was found in Pennsylvania.

The famous American exhibit, which has just come back from the Madrid Exposition, where it won a gold medal, takes up one side of the room, and over its case on the wall is a curious exhibit of some of the weapons and musical instruments of the Fan tribes of the Congo region.

Across the aisle from the University, Ogontz Seminary occupies a pretty little above filled with sets of books. Down the gallery, on the other end, is a fine ex

hibit from the Indian School at Carlisle. Specimens of the work of Indian boys and girls in many trades are shown, and clever drawings and pen work cover the wall. In one case is a showing of very good harness, and I am told that these boys supply the government every year with 200 sets of these trappings, which are sent out to the Indians on the reservations. The boys do all their own tailoring, as is shown by several dummies wearing nicely-made suits. A large case is filled with the work of the girls, giving evidence of their skill in dressmaking, knitting and fancy work. A fine exhibit of tinware is in this space: and the boots and shoes testify to their skill in still another useful employment. A full-blooded young Sioux is in charge of this exhibit, and discharges his duties with a courteous intelligence which is very pleasing. He said that he was at first a tailor, but now he is studying book-keeping, as he found the first trade too confining. He wants to return to his home in South Dakota, and hopes either to get a government clerkship or a school. I thought his little speech as significant an exhibit as any I had found.

The State Normal Schools at Bloomsburg, Kutztown, Slippery Rock and West Chester have sent a fine collective educational exhibit. Under the department of physical development, training and condition and hygiene, the State has a good showing. Improved filters of all kinds, appliances for cleaning water mains, cases for collecting specimens of drinking water from hydrants are exhibited by the State Board of Health. In this department, too, are found plans of model tenement houses by the Beneficent Building Association of Philadelphia, and a model workmen's dwelling put up by the Philadelphia county women's committee on the Midway Plaisance.

Instruments of precision and for experiment and research are shown in quantities, and the finest and most delicate scientific apparatus are found in the exhibit from Philadelphia firms. Musical instruments, too, are not wanting, and several Philadelphia firms have beautiful exhibits of different instruments and musical accessories. There is one exhibit of band instruments from a Quaker City firm which calls forth a great deal of admiration. When you leave the Liberal Arts Buildings go north and cross the pretty little bridge which spans the la

goon at this point; then, bordering on the lagoon and just this side of the Transportation Building, you will find the building of Mines and Mining, which holds much of interest to a Pennsylvanian. As you enter the door you see towering up in the centre of the hall a huge black obelisk. This is an anthracite coal needle, showing a vertical section of the "Mammoth" bed as it appears in the mines of the Lehigh Valley Coal Company, upon lands of the Girard estate in Schuylkill county. The coal was cut out and formed into this needle in the exact order as it lay in the body of the earth. The needle is 54 feet high. It cost $10,000 to have this arranged as an exhibit. The object is not only to display the ores and minerals of the State, but in each case to show the successive processes by which they become. marketable ware. For instance, one case holds a large bowl in which there is a quantity of finely pulverized clay. Next to this is the clay as it comes from the mould, pressed into square tiles with a design outlined upon them. The next state is the enameled tile (rows of bottles of enamel stand on a shelf), and last the baked and finished tile, the beautiful result of the manipulation of simple clay, lies before you. An anthracite coal breaker is shown also. The great blocks of coal are put into this machine and broken into pieces, which are passed through a sort of sieve-like arrangement, separating the different pieces according to their size for the market. There is very much of sameness in an exhibition of this sort to the uninitiated, who knows not the value of certain furnaces and retorts, and mineral paints, etc., but it is noticeable that the private exhibitors of the State come out very strong in this department.

In the Fisheries Building the Pennsylvania State exhibit draws an admiring crowd daily. Those who are interested in this direction come to examine the various hatching apparatus displayed or to observe the different varieties of live fish, while the unlearned in these matters sit and admire the beautiful arrangement of the space devoted to this exhibit. Colonel John Gay, representing the Pennsylvania State Fish Commission, has arranged the whole affair, and much credit is due to his untiring patience and care. The exhibit, consisting principally of fish propagated by the State Fish Commission, is made in

aquaria constructed of iron and French plate glass so that the fish are easily seen. The space of this exhibit is the largest in the building, about 1,700 feet, and is kiteshaped, running along the main hall. At the entrance there is an arch of rustic wood, covered with vines and set about with green plants. At the centre of the arch the keystone appears, covered by the coat-of-arms of the State. Above this in gilt block letters are the words, "Pennsylvania State Fisheries." Inside of the arch hang fifteen beautifully-executed water colors of fish that are indigenous to the waters of Pennsylvania-the trout, the pike, the perch, the white fish, the shad and all the varieties that have market value or appeal to the sportsman. Ten or twelve large photographs of hatching stations at Corry, Erie and near Allentown hang in this enclosure, and on the front pedestal is affixed a large china plaque with a finely painted brook trout, by Mrs. E. L. Vansant, of Philadelphia. Inside, the visitor finds a pool containing a model fishway, supplied with water by cascades which tumble down over an artificial falls arranged at the back of the apartment. The work thus built up forms a sort of tunnel which conforms to the kite-shape, and along which the twenty-one aquaria are arranged. These aquaria are so placed that the light strikes into them from above, and the tunnel being dark the fish are seen to the very best advantage through the glass sides. At the entrance to this rustic structure are grouped various fishing appliances, hatching apparatus, etc., while stretched along the sides of the building is an immense seine on which are again the words, "Pennsylvania Fish Commission." Rods, reels, flies and tackle are spread out in bewildering array-the outfit ranging from the very simplest to jewel-studded, gold-tipped arrangements costing $500 and more.

I want to say for the benefit of those who visit the Art Building, and who want particularly to find the work of Pennsylvania artists, that there is a separate catalogue of the exhibits from this State, which can be procured at the building, and which will serve its purpose much better than the general catalogue. I had to use the combined one, and a weary time I had of it, looking up the work of our artists, because they are very numerous and are scattered in the main hall, through the galleries and over

the walls of the eighteen large rooms devoted to the United States. One of the first things seen on entering the main hall is a charming little bronze group by J. J. Boyle, of Philadelphia. A woman, with limbs relaxed in weary slumber, sits in a chair, while two children, one against her breast, the other flung across her knee, seem sound asleep. It is called "Tired Out" and is so expressive in every line that one has no need of a catalogue to find its title. Two pieces from C. A. Sterling, of Philadelphia, "Cordelia" and "Boy With Ribbon;" one from C. B. Cox, Philadelphia, "American Buffalo," and two from C. Grafly, Philadelphia, 'Daedalus" in bronze and "Bad Omens" in plaster, make a scant showing in the room of sculpture.

In the Woman's Building the exhibits of the women of Pennsylvania hold their own with the very best. In the very centre of the main hall-the Gallery of Honor-stands a statue of Maud Muller, by Miss Blanche Nevin, of Lancaster. The block of marble out of which this was carved is very beautiful, and cost $2,500. A slender girlish figure with rake in one hand and cup in the other is Miss Nevin's conception, but its chief beauty is to be found in the dreamy, wistful expression of the young face. Among the many oil paintings which thickly cover the walls of this hall are to be found many signed with Philadelphia names, chief among which are Cecilia Beaux and Alice Barber Stephens. one of the rooms leading off from this hall Miss Elizabeth Abele, of Philadelphia, whose beautiful windows are so much admired, will have in charge a sort of process room, showing how the glass is prepared and arranged through all stages until it becomes a lovely window.

In

Pennsylvania has come out strongest in etchings, pen and ink and black and white work. In this department Pennell has twenty-five exibits, each containing about five or six pieces framed in one series. There are some exquisite wash drawings in this collection, and the pen and ink drawings of cathedral interiors are rich in detail and perfect in finish, as is everything coming from this gifted artist. John Sartain, Rosenthal, Peter Moran, Cecilia Beaux, Alice Barber Stephens, are represented by some fine things in pen work and mezzotints. These and much more from Philadelphia go to make this display one of the strong