CONTENTS

VOLUME I

POLITICAL AFFAIRS AND DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

LIST OF PRINCIPAL PERSONS

LIST OF PAPERS

CHAPTER

I. THE MARCH REVOLUTION-ABDICATION OF THE EMPEROR-REC-

OGNITION OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT_.

II. THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT: PREMIERSHIP OF PRINCE LVOV

Relations with the Councils (Soviets) of Workmen's and

Soldiers' Deputies-Efforts to check military and economic

demoralization-The questions of constitutional reorganiza-

tion, land reform, and peace-Messages from the American

Government and the American Federation of Labor‒‒‒‒‒‒

Reorganization of the Government-Demonstration against

the note of May 3, 1917, to the Allied and American Govern-

ments-Resignation of Milyukov and Guchkov-The coali-

tion ministry-Opinions of American consuls on the situation.

Reception of President Wilson's message of May 22, 1917, on

the objects of the United States in the war-The Kronstadt

revolt-All-Russian congresses of Workmen's and Soldiers'

Deputies, of Peasants, of Cossacks-Opening of the Russian

offensive in Galicia___.

III. THE AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN SPECIAL MISSIONS

The Root mission to Russia____

The Bakhmeteff mission to the United States___

IV. THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT: PREMIERSHIP OF KERENSKY

The ministerial crisis of July, 1917-Resignation of the Cadet

Ministers-The Bolshevik demonstration-Breakdown of

the offensive-Formation of the Kerensky ministry-The

National Conference at Moscow-The fall of Riga____

The Kornilov episode The Democratic Conference at Petro-

grad-The second Kerensky ministry-Joint note of the

Allied Governments, October 9, 1917-The Preliminary

Parliament (Council of the Republic)-Kerensky's press

interview on Russia's part in the war..

V. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION-THE BOLSHEVIK "COUP D'ÉTAT,”

NOVEMBER 7, 1917-THE Struggle for Control__.

Page

XI

XV

1

15

38

86

107

153

159

186

224

CHAPTER

Page

VI. THE ARMISTICE WITH THE CENTRAL POWERS-APPEALS FOR Gen-

ERAL PEACE NEGOTIATIONS..

VII. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOVIET POWER

Attitude of the American and other governments toward the

Bolshevik régime-Interviews of the American military

attaché and Red Cross representative with Trotsky-De-

crees abolishing private ownership of real estate-The begin-

nings of civil war-Elections to the Constituent Assembly—

The Kalpashnikov incident...-

Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly-Assumption of

definite control by the All-Russian Soviet Congress-Procla-

mation of the Soviet republic-The "Sisson documents"__

Resumption of hostilities by the Germans-Removal of the

American Embassy to Vologda-President Wilson's message

to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, March 11, 1918----

VIII. THE CONCLUSION WITH THE CENTRAL POWERS OF THE PEACE OF

BREST LITOVSK, MARCH 3, 1918.

242

264

331

382

404

IX. THE ACTION OF THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS FOR RELEASE OF THE

RUMANIAN MINISTER FROM ARREST_

477

X. THE SOVIET REPUBLIC

Informal relations with Soviet authorities-Questions of recog-

nition and intervention-Attitude toward diplomatic officers

of the Provisional Government-The German advance into

Russia..

Arrival of German and Turkish Ambassadors in Russia--So-

viet request for recall of the French Ambassador...

Question of intervention: Recommendation of the American

Ambassador, May 2, 1918-Statements of American policy—

Interference with the dispatch of code telegrams of Allied and

American representatives-Russo-German controversies—

Reports of conditions; speeches of Lenin-Activities of anti-

Bolshevik parties-The recall of Raymond Robins, Red

Cross representative_ ___.

Temporary return of the American Ambassador to Petrograd-

Nomination of a Soviet Ambassador to the United States-

Development of Russo-German disputes-Attitude of

Bolshevik and anti-Bolshevik elements toward German and

Allied intervention ___

483

505

517

551

Assassination of the German Ambassador, July 6, 1918; Social-

ist-Revolutionist revolt-Kerensky's proposed visit to

America..--.

572

XI. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN SOCIALIST FEDERATED

SOVIET REPUblic___

587

XII. THE RUSSO-GERMAN SUPPLEMENTARY TREATIES, AUGUST 27, 1918.

XIII. THE REMOVAL OF THE AMERICAN AND ALLIED EMBASSIES FROM

VOLOGDA TO ARCHANGEL..

598

618

CHAPTER

XIV. THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE AMERICAN and Allied MILITARY MIS-

SIONS, CONSULS, AND NATIONALS_

XV. THE TERROR

Protest of the United States; attitude of Allied and neutral

governments-Protests of neutral governments and of the

chief of the American Red Cross Commission: answers of

the Soviet government-Efforts for the release of hostages

and for restriction of the practice of taking them....

XVI. BOLSHEVIK PROPAGANDA

INDEX.

Efforts to counteract it and check its distribution through

Scandinavian countries-Withdrawal of Swedish and Danish

diplomatic officers from Russia____

Page

641

680

722

733

LIST OF PRINCIPAL PERSONS

Alexeev, Gen. M. V., from March to June 1917 Commander in Chief of the Russian Army; in September 1917 Chief of Staff.

Armour, Norman, Second Secretary of the Embassy in Russia.

Avksentiev, N. D., a leader of the Socialist-Revolutionist Party and Minister of the Interior in the first cabinet of Kerensky; Chairman of the first AllRussian Congress of Peasants' Deputies.

Bailey, James G., Secretary of the Embassy in Russia.

Bakhmeteff, Boris A., head of the Extraordinary Embassy from Russia to the United States; July 5, 1917, Russian Ambassador at Washington.

Bakhméteff, George, from November 28, 1911, to April 20, 1917, Russian Ambassador at Washington.

Balfour, Arthur J., British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

Barclay, Colville A. de R., Counselor of the British Embassy at Washington. Brusilov, Gen. A. A., in 1916 Commander of the Russian offensive in Galicia ; from June to July 1917 Commander in Chief of the Russian Army. Buchanan, Sir George W., British Ambassador at Petrograd.

Bullard, Arthur, Director of the Russian Division, United States Committee on Public Information.

Caldwell, John K., Consul at Vladivostok.

Cecil, Robert, Lord, British Minister of Blockade and Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

Cheidze, N. S., a leader of the Social Democratic (Menshevik) Party; Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet of Workmen's and Soldiers' Deputies; Chairman of the first All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workmen's and Soldiers' Deputies.

Chernov, V. M., a leader of the Socialist-Revolutionist Party; from May to October 1917 Russian Minister of Agriculture.

Chicherin, George V., Acting Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs, March 13, 1918; Commissar for Foreign Affairs, May 30, 1918.

Clemenceau, Georges E. B., from November 16, 1917, to January 20, 1920, French Premier and Minister for War.

Cole, Felix, Vice Consul (later Consul) at Archangel.

Creel, George, Chairman of the Committee on Public Information.

Crosley, Capt. Walter S., Naval Attaché in Russia.

Davison, Henry P., Chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross. Denikin, Gen. A. I., from April to June 1917 Chief of Staff of the Russian Army.

Diamandi, Constantine J., Count, Rumanian Minister in Russia.

Dukhonin, Gen. N. N., from September to December 1917 Chief of Staff of the Russian Army.

Egan, Maurice Francis, Minister in Denmark.

Emerson, Col. George H., in charge of the Russian Railway Service Corps.
Francis, David R., Ambassador in Russia.

Garrett, John W., Minister in the Netherlands and Luxemburg.
Gompers, Samuel, President of the American Federation of Labor.

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