judge or justice of the peace of the territory, who may be duly commissioned and qualified, which said oath or affirmation shall be certified and transmitted by the person taking the same, to the secretary, to be recorded by him, as aforesaid, and afterwards the like oath or affirmation shall be taken, certified, and recorded in such manner and form as may be prescribed by law. The governor shall receive an annual salary of two thousand dollars as governor and one thousand dollars as superintendent of Indian affairs; the chief justice and the associate justices shall each receive an annual salary of twenty-five hundred dollars, and the secretary shall receive an annual salary of eighteen hundred dollars. The said salaries shall be payable quarteryearly at the treasury of the United States. The members of the legislative assembly shall be entitled to receive four dollars each per day during their attendance at the session thereof, and three dollars for every twenty miles' travel in going and returning from the said sessions, estimating the distance by the nearest traveled route. There shall be appropriated annually the sum of one thousand dollars, to be expended by the governor, to defray contingent expenses of the territory. There shall also be appropriated annually a sufficient sum, to be expended by the secretary, and upon an estimate to be made by the secretary of the treasury of the United States, to defray the expenses of the legislative assembly, the printing of the laws, and other incidental expenses; and the secretary of the territory shall annually account to the secretary of the treasury of the United States for the manner in which the aforesaid sum shall have been expended.

Sec. 12. And it is further enacted, That the legislative assembly of the territory of Wyoming shall hold its first session at such time and place in said territory as the gov ernor thereof shall appoint and direct; and at said session, or as soon thereafter as they may deem expedient, the governor and legislative assembly shall proceed to locate and establish the seat of government for said territory at such place as they may deem eligible; which place, however, shall thereafter be subject to be changed by the said governor and legislative assembly.

Sec. 13. And be it further enacted, That a delegate to the house of representatives of the United States, to serve during each congress of the United States, may be elected

by the voters qualified to elect members of the legislative assembly, who shall be entitled to the same rights and priv ileges as are exercised and enjoyed by the delegates from the several other territories of the United States in the said house of representatives. The first election shall be held at such time and places, and be conducted in such a manner, as the governor shall appoint and direct; and at all subsequent elections the time, place, and manner of holding elections shall be prescribed by law. The person having the greatest number of votes of the qualified electors as hereinbefore provided, shall be declared by the governor elected, and a certificate thereof shall be accordingly given.

Sec. 14. And be it further enacted, That sections numbered sixteen and thirty-six in each town-ship in said territory shall be, and the same are hereby, reserved for the purpose of being applied to public schools in the State or States hereafter to be erected out of the same.

Sec. 15. And be it further enacted, That temporarily and until otherwise provided by law, the governor of said territory may define the judicial districts of said territory, and assign the judges who may be appointed for the said territory to the several districts, and also appoint the times and places for holding courts in the several counties or subdivisions in each of said judicial districts by proclamation to be issued by him; but the legislative assembly, at their first or any subsequent session, may organize alter, or modify such judicial districts and assign the judges and alter the times and places of holding the courts as to them shall seem proper and convenient.

Sec. 16. And be it further enacted, That the constitution and all laws of the United States which are not locally inappplicable, shall have the same force and effect within the said Territory of Wyoming as elsewhere within the United States.

Sec. 17. And be it further enacted, That this act shall take effect from and after the time when the executive and judicial officers herein provided for shall have been duly appointed and qualified; Provided, That all general territorial laws of the Territory of Dakota in force in any portion of said Territory of Wyoming at the time this act shall take effect, shall be and continue in force throughout the said territory until repealed by the legislative authority

of said territory, except such laws as relate to the possession or occupation of mines or mining claims.

CHAPTER XLIII.

SOUTH PASS GOLD DISCOVERIES.

1842-1869.

A GEORGIAN MAKES THE FIRST DISCOVERY IN 1842-THIRTEEN YEARS LATER FORTY MEN ARRIVED AND MADE RICH DISCOVERIES-NEXT YEAR THEY ARE DRIVEN OUT OF THE COUNTRY BY UNITED STATES TROOPS-THE ATTEMPTS AT MINING FROM 1858 тO 1864-LIEUT. BROWN'S DISCOVERIES-MAJ. BALDWIN OUTFITS TWO Prospectors-ORGANIZATION OF THE LINCOLN MINING DISTRICT-DISCOVERY OF THE CARISSA IN 1876-KILLING OF CAPT. LAWRENCE AND TONY SHIELDS BY INDIANS -MAD RUSH TO SOUTH PASS IN 1868-NUMEROUS RICH MINES DisCOVERED THAT YEAR-ATTACK BY INDIANS-BUILDING OF SAW MILLS AND QUARTZ MILLS-DISCOVERIES OF 1869-MORE INDIAN DEPREDATIONS MURDERS OF THE YEAR-PIONEERS OF THE CAMPS.

Two classes of men explored the Rocky Mountains; first came the trappers and fur traders, who richly rewarded themselves for the dangers and trials of a trapper's life. These men penetrated the mountain fastness, faced the savage tribes who inhabited the country, withstood the rigors of a climate that was severe in the extreme and finally made colossal fortunes for the men whom they served. When the business became unprofitable because of the destruction of fur-bearing animals, another class of men quite as courageous as the trappers entered the country and commenced prospecting for gold. Five years previous to the great gold discoveries of California the precious metal was uncovered in the South Pass country. The editor of the Sweetwater

Miner, in his issue of March 24, 1869, rescues from oblivion a scrap of history which appears to be authentic; at least Rossiter W. Raymond, who made a geological survey of the Sweetwater country that same year, included this newspaper article in his official report, and to that extent indorses the story. The article referred to reads as follows:

"Gold in the Sweetwater district was first discovered in 1842 by a Georgian who came here with the American Fur Company for the recovery of his health. After remaining a year he started for home, intending to organize a company and bring them here to work the mines. He never reached his home, however, and was supposed to have been killed by the Indians. Thirteen years elapsed, when a party of forty men arrived here. They prospected the whole length of the Sweetwater, found gold everywhere in the river, as well as in all of its tributaries, and turned the main stream from its channel 400 yards. A small shaft eight feet deep, from which they took from 2 to 10 cents worth of gold per pan, was sunk and worked some time. When winter approached they abandoned their enterprise to winter at Fort Laramie, where they intended to provision themselves for a year and get a supply of necessary tools in the spring. This done they started, but when two days on their way were overtaken by United States dragoons and brought back to the fort. The leader was sent to prison for some imaginary offense and the property of the company confiscated.

"In 1858 the leader returned to this region but did no mining until 1860, when he and eight others commenced mining on Strawberry gulch. Their rotten sluices, rockers and toms remain there to the present day. During 1861 mining was abandoned because men could make more money putting up hay and delivering telegraph poles for the Overland Stage Company. In the fall of 1861, however, fifty-two men had collected at South Pass City ready to commence mining in the early spring of 1862. Their locations were selected, and prospects over-promising, when like a thunderbolt the Shoshone Indians broke down upon them, robbed them of everything and drove them off."

In the summer of 1850 ten wagons arrived at South Pass containing emigrants on their way to California. These people were from Missouri, and the Captain of the company was Jonathan Ferril, an experienced freighter on

the old Santa Fe trail. Of the party was John D. Ferril, a nephew of Jonathan; also B. Chestney, Jackson and Joseph Tackett, Samuel Parker and Dr. Hocker. This party had encountered a train which had suffered greatly with cholera. Dr. Hocker and John D. Ferril went to the assistance of the unfortunate people, nursed the sick and buried the dead, and joined their own train again at South Pass, where it had awaited them.

During the summer of 1862 quite a number of miners from Colorado went to the Sweetwater and prospected. Among these were Joseph Sherrick of Nevadaville, Colo., John L. Kimble, W. C. Patrick and J. W. Redliff, all of the same place. These men all brought home rich specimens of placer gold taken from the bars along Sweetwater river. They left the country on account of hostile Indians who infested the neighborhood.

That same year, J. Dubois, J. Patneese and three brothers whose names are not mentioned, left the stage line at Sweetwater Crossing with the intention of prospecting between there and South Pass and to eventually go into the Big Horn country. These men were told by old trappers and guides, stories of rich gold deposits in various localities, but when they were asked to guide the miners to the places, they refused because, as they explaind, they were afraid of Indians. These men were all French Canadians. They were never heard from after they left the Sweetwater. It was believed in Wyoming and Montana that they were all killed by Indians. About this time a trading post was established at Pacific Springs.

On April 9, 1863, James Stuart, Cyrus Watkins, George T. Geery, A. Sternblake, George H. Smith, Samuel T. Hauser, Richard McCafferty, John Vanderbilt, Drewyer Underwood, James N. York, Henry A. Bell, James Hauxhurst, William Roach, Ephraim Bostwick and George Ives left Bannock City, Mont., on a prospecting tour to the Yellowstone country. They followed up the Big Horn river and on the night of the 12th of May were attacked by a band of