view that it definitely justifies the punishment of Dreyfus, but contains such matter as makes its publication impossible.

Are we bound to accept the assurances of these prominent men? In the natural order of things we could not refuse to do so, for they are honourable men. Have we any assurance, however, that they are not capable of justifying falsehood to their consciences if by that means they can avert a great calamity to their country?

France is assuredly in danger, but not from the publication of any document. She is in danger from the overbearing conduct of a military oligarchy, who have virtually proclaimed themselves superior to the law, and threaten to overturn the Republic if their will is obstructed. They are just about to add to the Dreyfus injustice the conviction of Col. Picquart, because he endeavoured to expose the suspicious events that had from time to time occurred. It must be believed that the story of the existence of this convincing and dangerous document is one more piece of the fabric of falsehood that has been built around this extraordinary case. Could any conceivable revelation be more dangerous to France than the present condition of affairs? The army is on horseback, the civil power is practically deposed, and two of the Bonapartes are on the Belgian border. The French people will be fortunate if the clouds clear away without precipitating the thunderbolt.

In the meantime her relations with Great Britain are not wholly cleared up. There are a number of open questions which, we are told, are being negotiated amicably. Let us hope that in the shuffle Newfoundland's French shore difficulty will be set at rest forever. The island is in the position of a runner with a clog on one foot so long as its western seaboard remains in the present unsatisfactory state. When that barrier is removed confederation with Canada should be

Al

Surely no Canadian is so shortsighted as to persuade himself that we have no interest in the negotiations that may be going on with reference to joint action between Britain and the United States in maintaining the open door in the East. Canada is a Pacific ocean power, and has already intimate relations with Japan and China. ready our cotton manufacturers have secured a foothold there, and as our industrial operations extend, the East must become only second in importance to the West as a field of mercantile adventure. The construction of a canal across the Central American isthmus is a subject, too, in which we have a large interest. We can afford to hope that both projects will be brought to a successful issue.

His Holiness Pope Leo XIII. is one of the most interesting figures of our time. Under his administration the holy office has lost no particle of its dignity or authority. The SpanishAmerican war was probably to him the saddest event happening during his incumbency. The contestants were the great Republic, where millions of his people find a home and that faithful daughter of the Church to whom the papacy owes not a little. His heart undoubtedly went out to the latter, but he was indisposed to offend a government where loyalty to the nation is the first item in the creed of every creed. The war was not popular with the Catholic population in the United States, but being entered into it they would likely have resented any attempt from outside to array them on the other

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EW readers have a fair idea of the work that hasto be done to secure illustrations for the various articles that appear from month to month in this and other magazines. Articles and stories may be picked up everywhere, anywhere, but illustrations must be searched for or made. For example. In the January number of THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE were two portraits, which, so far as is known, were never previously published; the one was a portrait of Col. Fielden, and the other of a group of officers of the Second or Quebec Battalion of Rifles. These were wanted, and, if such were in existence, must have been taken in 1870, the year in which these officers formed part of Lord Wolseley's staff on the Red River Expedition. Correspondence with the men who were most likely to have such portraits brought no result. After three months' patient search an old negative was found in Montreal, and a print of Col. Fielden's portrait secured. After a few weeks' more search, the group picture of the officers was found in Winnipeg among the playthings of an officer's grandchildren and a battered old photograph it was.

This month we present the portraits of forty of the leading Canadian editors. The securing of these necessitated the writing of nearly two hundred personal letters. The mere labour of overcoming the modesty of some of these editors was in itself a huge task. We hope none of our

readers will value the collection too lightly.

of the work which it does or should, are commended the articles on pages ii., iii. and iv. of the advertising matter of this issue. As a national publication, this magazine can succeed only when its sphere and its purpose are thoroughly understood by reading Canadians. The matter on those three pages will perhaps suggest some new thoughts regarding the value to Canada of a monthly devoted to politics, science, art and literature.

This copyright agitation is an exceedingly dreary affair. In a nut-shell, the publishers of this country propose to make the authors of Great Britain and the United States print in Canada all the copies of their books which they desire to sell in Canada. It is not an agitation to protect authors. It is a movement to force the development of our printing and publishing trades. I do not know of a single Canadian writer who is complaining of the injustice of our present copyright arrangements.

If a Canadian author desires a Canadian publisher, and has something good or even fairly good to offer, he can easily find one. If he desires to publish in the United States he can arrange with a United States publishing house to bring out an edition there. If he wishes to publish in England, he can arrange in the same way for an English edition. Under the proposed act, the Canadian author would have, so far as I can see, no additional rights, no fresh privileges.

But while acknowledging that the proposed act is designed only to benefit the printers and publishers of this country, I cannot see anything very

To those readers who are interested in THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE, because

says:

"You want to force me to publish my books in Canada, in order to prevent them being pirated there ?"

"Yes, we do," answer those Canadians who are managing this agitation.

"But," says the British author, "you have no right to touch my property." (See Pall Mall Gazette of recent date.)

"Your property in your book is your rights in great Britain. You have no property in Canada unless you take out a Canadian copyright. We are not anxious to steal anything from you. We are simply asking our Government to keep your British edition out of Canada, if a Canadian edition will pay. We are not proposing to steal your property. We simply propose to substitute a Canadian monopoly for a British monopoly. propose to make you publish your books in Canada, as the United States people have forced you to publish in the United States." So answers the Canadian Copyright Association.

As a matter of fact, the British publisher desires to monopolize the Canadian market, and hence he opposes the proposed Canadian Copyright Bill. The British author backs up the British publisher because he would not get enough money, he thinks, out of a Canadian edition to pay him for his trouble in arranging with a Canadian publishing house to bring out an edition.

Such is the situation. It is really a question between the Canadian and the British publisher. If the Canadian Government believe that the majority of books sold in Canada should be made in Canada, then let them pass the proposed act. If they believe that it is just as well for us to buy English editions as Canadian editions, then they may with perfect safety leave the copyright question alone. But if they are so shaping Canadian legislation that the interests of Canadians shall be guarded and controlled by such

necessary if this country were not a part of the British Empire, then again I say they should pass the proposed

act.

The article in the Pall Mall Gazette which has induced these remarks is the most daring piece of special pleading of which I ever knew a British paper to be guilty. It accuses the Canadian publishers of being anxious to steal-it uses that obnoxious word -the rights of the English author. For one Britisher to accuse another of such a motive is more than being ungentlemanly. If Great Britain is to retain the affections and loyalty of Canadians, the Britishers of Great Britain must learn to treat the Britishers of Canada as equals in every respect. At present, much to our regret, this is not being done.

A mother came to me the other day, and asked me if I could bring any influence to bear upon her boy who was leading an aimless, useless life. This led me to consider the causes which make some young men idle, wayward, unambitious, unprogressive and impotent. The conclusion that I have arrived at is, that young men and young women are, in nine cases out of ten, just what their parents make them.

Even before a child is born the mother may do much to make or mar its physique and its mental strength. The father's conduct is also an element in this formative period. This is a subject on which parents would do well to inform themselves, although it is not one which may safely be discussed here.

In the earliest years of the child's life the parents have a similar responsibility. If they are honest with their children their children will be honest with them. If they deceive the little ones the little ones will deceive them. If they are cross, petulant and unreasonable the children will be the same. If they exhibit patience, gentleness, forbearance, genuineness, the children will exhibit these qualities. If they

are bright with their children the children will imbibe the sunshine of their minds and their conduct and be similarly radiant. As a great man has said, in early years the parent occupies to the child the position of Go! the god proves to have feet of clay the child will pull the idol down; and after it is shattered the child's life will be godless.

In the days of youth and maidenhood this relation continues with new conditions. The child still worships the parent, but in a different way. The relationship becomes that of an admiring companion-or it vanishes. Blessed is the father whose boy places a hand in his and asks for guidance, counsel, sympathy, in play and work. If the father be a helpful companion then the boy may become a good man. If he be careless, unappreciative, unsympathetic, all his discipline will count for nought. Too many parents are merely negative. They tell the boy or the girl what not to do, but they neglect to establish with equal clearness the positive rules of conduct. Teach the youth to do right and you need worry very little over teaching him not to do wrong.

I do not know which to pity most, the children of the very poor or the children of the very rich. The very poor man has little time to spend with his children, and it is hard for him to devise means to keep them out of temptation. The very rich man may, in the excess of his liberality towards his children, neutralize all his efforts in their behalf. The very poor man usually gives more thought to his children than the very rich man. He has felt the thraldom of labour and servitude, and is usually anxious that his children shall be so equipped with education and knowledge and training that they may be able to get a greater share of this world's good things than their father was able to secure. The rich man has his many cares and worries, and continuous demands upon his time; and when he should give counsel and sympathetic consideration, gives only a fivedollar bill. The child to whom money is

given profusely, without constant direction as to the spending of it, is being given something which weakens his moral fibre. The poor man cannot give his children much money, and he usually is forced to give them that which is far better-knowledge of the world, of the conditions under which the battle of life takes place, of the elements which will enable him to overcome obscurity and poverty.

For many parents mistake the meaning of education. Book knowledge is not all of education; in fact, it is but a small part of education. Everything which teaches a young man or a young woman to know himself or herself is education. Every young person must be taught that education may come from within as well as from without, that every individual is the architect and builder of his own life-building. The parent must point out what qualities of a young man or a young woman must be repressed and what developed. The parent may give the counsel, but the child must perform the action. As the child of two years of age is taught to feed himself, so the child of fifteen years of age must be taught to think and act for himself. Both teachings are similar in that through each the child learns his responsibility. The child that is never taught responsibility, never arrives at a correct knowledge of himself.

Two faults that a young man must be taught to avoid are idleness and carelessness, Idleness leads to mischief of many kinds, and is decidedly enervating. The father who allows a boy to spend many idle hours is laying up for himself years of future worry. Sport, work and sleep in proper proportions should fill every boy's life. Carelessness is another fault of many varieties and with far-reaching consequences. Carelessness in speech, in manners, of the rights of others, of the spending of money, of the value of school hours, of bodily strength and vigour, in the various acts which end in the formation of vicious habits-all this the boy must be taught to avoid. And this must be taught, as has al