McConnell, Rev. W. H. Hunter, Supt.; Larimore, V. M. Kenney, J. F. Stevens, George Krouse, Prof. Stanton, Supt.; Meckinock, Ebenezer Smith, B. F. Warren, John M. Smith, Supt.; (Arvilla) Neche, John Thompson, Supt.; Osnabrook, David Black, Sr., Rev. J. F. Berry, Supt.; Pembina, David Dick, Patrick Ahern, Supt.; Walhalla, George Campbell; Westminster, Devils Lake, Thompson Walker, LaFayette Palmer, Rev. C. S. Converse, Superintendent.

Jamestown College was organized September 28, 1886, by the election of O. H. Hewitt, secretary of the Board of Trustees consisting of Rev. B. W. Cobleigh, Elders T. E. Yerxa and C. S. Weaver, when the Board of Aid for Colleges, upon request of the Northern Pacific Presbytery, the institution having been duly incorporated and chartered, received Jamestown College under its care. It was also received under the control and management of the Synod.

Rev. F. M. Wood was unanimously recommended for appointment as Synodical Missionary. Rev. N. W. Cary was appointed to compile the facts to be given in the historical addresses and to place them in a permanent form for record. A very pleasant social evening was given by Rev. and Mrs. Cary to the members of the Synod. The Synod heard with great pleasure a report from Rev. N. W. Cary regarding the Fargo Young Ladies' Seminary, which he had estab lished in the gateway city, heartily approved of the same and commended him and his school to the churches.

Rev. Francis Martin Wood was born at Fairton, Cumberland County, New Jersey, June 23, 1834. As a young man he engaged in business in Galveston, Texas. He graduated from Princeton College in 1858; from the Seminary in 1861, and was married to Martha G. Van Tuyl, of Carlisle, Ohio, in 1862, and became pastor of the New Jersey church of Carlisle that year. He served churches in Clifton, Ohio; Marshall, Mich.; San Francisco, Cal.; Oxford and Xenia, Ohio, from 1870-1883. Rev. Mr. Wood came to Dakota Territory in 1883, supplying the new churches at La Moure and Grand Rapids while residing with his family on a homestead south of the former place. In 1884 he was appointed Presbyterial Missionary and from 1885 until 1897 was the Synodical Missionary, after which he entered upon foreign missionary work as assistant superintendent of the mission institute founded by Rev. Andrew Murray, at Wellington, Cape Colony, Africa, and also ministered to the church there, being associated with his son Clifton, who was one of the first students at Jamestown College, North Dakota, in preparation for the work of a foreign missionary. He was a worthy representative of the young college and state in that "far off land." He died April 11, 1914, at Carlisle, Ohio. He was one of the chief promoters in the establishment and early development of Jamestown College, consisting of six buildings, now recognized as a "standard institution of Christian learning," and has financial assets amounting to over five hundred thousand dollars and an additional endowment of three hundred thousand dollars.

The second annual meeting of the Synod assembled at Jamestown, October 8, 1886, Rev. H. G. Mendenhall preaching the sermon, Rev. F. M. Wood constituting the Synod by prayer. Rev. C. B. Austin of Bismarck Presbytery was elected moderator, Rev. N. W. Cary of Fargo, permanent clerk, Rev. J. A. Baldridge, temporary clerk.

The following ministers were reported: Revs. W. T. Gibson, Sterling and Steele; D. C. Wilson, Milnor and vicinity; B. Lyman, Mapleton and Durbin;

J. B. Vance, Keystone; J. A. Baldridge, Larimore; E. B. Taylor, Minnewaukan; R. H. Fulton, Park River; A. G. Forbes, St. Andrew and Lincoln.

This year the following churches were enrolled: West Park, 16 members; Mount View, II members; Edmunds, 11 members; Durbin, 19 members; Dickinson, 14 members; Mount Zion, 14 members; St. Andrew, 21 members; Lincoln, 10 members; Gilby, 10 members. Total, 147 members.

Churches have been built as follows: Bismarck, costing over $10,000; Glencoe, Sterling, Milner, Buffalo, Sheldon, Arvilla, Inkster, Minnewaukan, Park River and Minot, ranging in cost from $1,500 to $3,000. Total value about thirty thousand dollars.

The church at Steele was totally destroyed by storm July 3, 1886; that of Keystone was damaged $800, and the church at La Moure was demolished August 16, 1886. Total, seventy churches, six self-sustaining; sixty-four mission churches, thirty-four ministers, 2,000 members, church property valued at about one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. Rev. H. G. Mendenhall reported for the Home Mission committee that $500 had been contributed by the churches to the board, an increase of $136.

Rev. N. D. Fanning, president of the trustees of Jamestown College, reported that a board of nine trustees had been appointed, all of whom were Presbyterians, viz. Hon. D. H. Twomey and T. E. Yerxa of Fargo, L. B. Davidson of Bismarck, R. S. Adams of Lisbon, G. O. Grover of La Moure, V. M. Kenney of Larimore, Rev. F. W. Iddings of Grand Forks, and O. H. Hewitt and Rev. N. D. Fanning of Jamestown.

The officers were: President, Rev. N. D. Fanning; secretary, O. H. Hewitt; treasurer, Wm. M. Lloyd, Jr.; executive committee, T. E. Yerxa, O. H. Hewitt and N. D. Fanning. A financial secretary has been appointed, Rev. R. J. Cresswell of Minneapolis, to work in three Presbyteries in Ohio, Cleveland, Dayton and Columbus. Temporary rooms had been secured and Prof. N. M. Crowe and wife, of Butler, Pa., secured to take charge of the preparatory department. Vigorous action was taken by the Synod for the integrity of the Sabbath and the enforcement of the prohibition law.

The Synod met in Grand Forks, October 13, 1887. Rev. Charles B. Austin of Bismarck preached, Rev. G. S. Baskervill conducted the devotional service. Rev. N. W. Cary was elected moderator, and Rev. W. H. Hunter, temporary clerk. Rev. J. F. Berry read an interesting historical sketch of Pembina Presbytery.

The following organizations were reported: Sanborn church, organized January 23; Rutland, April 17; Binghampton, May 22; Blanchard, June 5: Galesburg, July 24; Pickert, August 21; Oakes, August 28; Minot, March 27: Webster Chapel, September 11; Glasston, October 9. New ministers enrolled: Revs. W. H. Snyder, Mandan; Charles McLean, Pembina; J. Osmond, Bottineau; W. H. McCluskey, Dickinson. Licentiates, William T. Parsons, Boynton; W. C. Whistnand, Colgate; D. J. McKenzie, Milnor; S. J. Webb, Wild Rice. Students, J. C. Howell, Alex. McLeod, W. M. Langdon, William C. Gibson. Elder H. B. Allen of Jamestown was enrolled.

Churches dedicated: Sterling, Sheldon and La Moure. Churches being erected were Emerado, Bottineau, Steele and Hunter. The churches at Lari

more, Wheatland and Bathgate provided manses, there being then eighty churches in the Synod, seven self-supporting fields, forty ministers, including licentiates, thirty-seven church buildings, and ten more projected.

In view of the demoralizing influence of the liquor traffic the Synod earnestly called upon its membership to take a stand upon the word of God and faithfully do their duty in uprooting this great evil. It commended the work of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. A popular meeting was held, Rev. Edgar W. Day presiding, addressed by Rev. N. D. Fanning of Jamestown and Mrs. Helen M. Barker of Chamberlain, South Dakota.

A committee was appointed to co-operate with the Women's Missionary Society in the matter of erecting and dedicating a monument at Walhalla to the memory of the martyred Mesdames Spencer and Barnard, consisting of the Revs. J. P. Schell, H. G. Mendenhall, W. H. Hunter, John Scott and E. W. Bay, June, 1888, being the date named.

The Synod met in Bismarck, October 11, 1888, Rev. J. C. Quinn, of Minot, preaching. New ministers and elders were enrolled as follows: Revs. R. H. Wallace, Edgar C. Dayton, W. O. Tobey, Granville R. Pike, George Furness, Samuel Andrews, G. H. Hemmingway, B. Lyman, Robert McGoudie. Elder George Fairbanks was also enrolled.

Rev. W. H. Hunter was elected moderator and Rev. J. C. Quinn temporary clerk. Rev. George Klein, of the North Dakota Baptist Association, and Rev. J. B. Hobart, of the Presbytery of Cleveland, Ohio, were invited to sit as corresponding members.

The fifth annual meeting of the Synod assembled in Fargo on October 10, 1889, Rev. J. A. Baldridge, of Larimore, preaching the sermon from John 6:63. The following were among the new ministers and elders enrolled: Revs. James M. Anderson, B. W. Coe, Wm. Sangree, J. C. Linton, H. McHenry, W. D. Rees, and Elder J. C. White, of Casselton. Rev. G. Sumner Baskervill was elected moderator and Rev. J. P. Schell temporary clerk. The Revs. V. N. Yergin, of the Congregational Association, W. A. Kingsbury, of the General Council of the Lutheran Church, and Rev. J. S. Boyd, of the Synod of Minnesota, were invited to sit as corresponding members.

A proposition was submitted by Rev. F. W. Iddings for publishing a paper at Grand Forks, in the interest of the Synod which was accepted and an editorial committee consisting of Revs. J. P. Schell, W. T. Parsons, J. T. Killen and J. M. Anderson was appointed, and the North Dakota Presbytery was selected October 8, 1889.

At this meeting a report of the committee commending the work of the Sunday school missionary, Eben E. Saunders, was adopted.

Rev. Eben E. Saunders, ordained as a Congregationalist, came to North Dakota from Saginaw, Mich., September 1, 1888, as Synodical Sabbath school missionary. He was the first secretary of the State Sunday School Association, the first secretary of the State Enforcement League, first chairman of the prohibition state committee, and editor of the first prohibition papers, The "Independent" at Grand Forks, and Independent Dakotan, at Jamestown, and later editor and publisher of other publications, always working on uplift lines. He has also been engaged in historical research, contributing a large number of historical

letters to the press, and to him, the author is very largely indebted for the data from which this chapter was prepared.

THE MARTYRS OF ST. JOSEPH

In 1849, Reverend James Tanner, a son of John Tanner, who had previously served as an interpreter to the missionaries in Minnesota, visited a brother residing at Pembina, and becoming deeply interested in the spiritual condition of the Indians, made a tour of the east in their behalf, visiting Washington and other cities.

He became connected with the Baptist Church, and returned to St. Joe-a trading post in the Pembina mountains, and at an early day a village quite as important as Pembina-in 1852, accompanied by Elijah Terry, for the purpose of opening a mission among the Indians and half-bloods at that point, but before the summer ended Terry was waylaid by the Sioux, shot to death with many arrows and scalped. He was buried in the Catholic cemetery at St. Joe.

June 1, 1853, another small band of missionaries, consisting of the Revs. Alonzo Barnard, David Brainard Spencer, their families, and John Smith, of Ohio, arrived at St. Joe. For ten years they had labored among the Chippewas in Minnesota at Cass Lake and Red Lake, under the auspices of the American Missionary Board.

Mrs. Barnard's health having failed, she was moved to the Selkirk settlement, where she died October 25, 1852, her husband being compelled, on account of their isolation, to conduct the funeral service himself. Her remains were removed to St. Joe, where they were interred in the yard of the humble mission cabin.

In 1854, Mr. Barnard went east to find a home for his children, and on the way back met Mr. Spencer with his motherless children, their mother having been murdered by the Indians and her remains buried by the side of his co-worker's faithful wife.

The story of the second grave is written in blood. It was early in 1854, and hostile Sioux then infested the Pembina region.

Mrs. Spencer, rising in the night to care for her sick babe, heard a noise at the window, and drawing the curtain to discover the cause, received the fire of three Indians who stood there with loaded guns and fired upon being discovered. Three balls took effect, one in her breast and two in her throat. She neither cried out nor fell, but reeling to the bed, with her infant still in her arms, knelt there, where she was soon found by her husband. She lingered several hours before she died.

When the neighbors came in the morning they beheld a most distressing scene. Mr. Spencer sat as if in a dream, holding his dead wife in his arms. The poor babe lay on his rude cradle, his clothes saturated with his mother's blood, the two other children standing by, terrified and weeping.

The friendly half-bloods came in and cared for the children, and prepared the dead mother for burial. A half-blood dug the grave, and nailed together a rude box for a coffin. Then in broken accents, with a bleeding heart, the poor man consigned to the friendly earth the remains of his murdered wife.

Vol. I-40

THE MONUMENT

June 21, 1888, one of the most interesting incidents in the history of North Dakota took place at the new Presbyterian cemetery, picturesquely situated on the brow of the mountain overlooking Walhalla, formerly known as St. Joseph or St. Joe.

It was the day appointed by the Ladies' Synodical Missionary Society, of North Dakota, for the unveiling of the monument which they had erected to the memory of Sarah Philena Barnard and Cordelia Spencer, pioneer missionaries to the Indians of the Pembina region.

The monument is a beautiful and appropriate one, of pure white marble. The broken pieces of the old stone placed on Mrs. Barnard's grave, long ago scattered and lost, were recovered, cemented together, re-lettered, and placed upon the new grave. The venerable Mr. Barnard, then eighty-three years of age, living at Banzonia, Mich., was present, accompanied by his daughter. Standing upon the grave of his martyred wife and Mrs. Spencer, with tremulous voice and moistened eyes, he gave to the assembled multitude a history of their early missionary toil, in the abodes of savagery. Among those present were the half-blood women who prepared Mrs. Spencer's body for burial and washed the babe after its baptism in his mother's blood.

OTHER DENOMINATIONS

Dr. Jared W. Daniels was the first Episcopal clergyman engaged in Indian work in North Dakota, appointed through the Right Reverend Henry B. Whipple, Bishop of Minnesota. The late Bishop Robert Clarkson, Bishop of Nebraska, assisted by Rev. M. U. Hoyt and Rev. S. D. Hinman, in charge of the Indian agencies, established the church in South Dakota, building in 1865 an edifice at Yankton. Under the charge of Bishop Clarkson the early churches at Bismarck, Fargo, Valley City, Jamestown, Grand Forks and Devils Lake were organized. He was followed by Right Reverend William D. Walker, and he by Bishops Morrison, Edsall, Mann and Tyler, each doing excellent work.

Rev. Robert Wainright was the first Episcopal clergyman stationed in North Dakota, and was a resident of Fargo for a number of years with his family. Mr. Wainright came to North Dakota from the lower coast of Labrador, where he had been for some years laboring among the Indians and seal hunters, and was well prepared to endure the hardships of travel in North Dakota during the winter season. All of North Dakota was his parish and Mr. Wainright was expected to visit all parts of his parish at least twice during the summer and once during the winter. There were absolutely no roads outside of the single stage line to Winnipeg, and the United States military trails from one fort to another. The Northern Pacific, after it was built only operated the road during the summer months west of Fargo, and travel during the winter was at the risk of life, and subject to discomforts the present residents of our state cannot conceive and could not believe if told. Mr. Wainright in December would start on a trip over the snowcovered prairies that before his return to Fargo would necessitate his traveling upwards of one thousand miles, taking in Grand Forks, Fort Pembina, Pembina, Fort Totten, Buford, Lincoln, Rice, Seward, Valley City, and other