Reports of the Industrial Commission...

CHAPTER III.-RELATING TO COMPANIES WITH SILENT PARTNERS.

SEC. 81. A company with silent partners (in Russian these companies are called "companies of trust") is formed of one or several persons who have secured one or several silent partners who rely on the first for certain sums of capital in larger or smaller degree, which they intrust to them for trading operations.

SEC. 82. In companies of trust with silent partners the partners observe the same ` rules as are prescribed above in paragraphs 67-69 and 71-80 for full-liability companies.

SEC. 83. The silent partners do not take any active part in the company. Depositors or silent partners participate in companies simply with their deposits and do not enter into the management of the company's affairs.

SEC. 84. Silent partners, in that quality, have not the right to make any obligations with anyone in the name of the firm.

SEC. 85. Dormant partners who have intrusted their capital to a company which becomes bankrupt are not held responsible for any amount above the capital intrusted by them to the firm.

SEC. 86. When informing the merchants, through a circular letter, of the formation of a company of trust (with silent partners), as well as when presenting to the proper authorities a statement of the company's agreement (secs. 67 and 68), the names of the silent partners of the company may be mentioned in those cases only when it is the desire of the silent partners. But the amount of capital intrusted to the company by the silent partners must be stated.

CHAPTER IV.-RELATING TO STOCK COMPANIES AND PARTNERSHIPS ON SHARES.

SEC. 87. Stock companies and partnerships, as well as commercial banks and other credit institutions, are established according to the rules expressed in the civil code or credit statutes, as the case may be.

SEC. 88. The nature and quality of shareholding companies and of partnerships, as well as any special advantages granted to them and the period of time for which they are established, must be stated in their general statutes.

CHAPTER V.-RELATING TO "ARTEL" ASSOCIATIONS.

SEC. 89. "Artel" associations are corporations of workmen who have mutually agreed on established conditions, in order to assure themselves employment, work, or industry, which one man alone could not perform.

SEC. 90. Artels may be organized for the execution of some continuous industry, as well as for some kind of temporary work.

SEC. 91. The formation of artels and the manner of conducting their interior affairs, accepted by a mutual understanding of the members or of their statutes and by-laws, are confirmed in the regular manner.

SEC. 92. Artels executing various kinds of work at the exchange, custom-house, in the city stores and warehouses, and such like premises, are called exchange artels. These artels observe the rules prescribed in the following paragraphs, 93 to 103.

SEC. 93. The exchange artel consists of trained workmen and apprentices. Each artel (company) has its board of seniors and its treasurers, elected every year and by not less than one-third of the members of the artel.

SEC. 94. New members who desire to join the association must deposit a specified sum upon entering; and should such candidate not possess the amount necessary, it is retained from the salary he will earn during the year.

SEC. 95. Persons entering the associations who have not paid in the amount due by them toward the association are considered as apprentices until such amount has been paid up.

SEC. 96. Each artel entering the association gives his signature to the effect that he will obey the rules imposed by the association.

SEC. 97. In all artel associations, all the members are answerable the one for the other and are responsible for all losses or damage.

SEC. 98. Exchange artels work and serve for an established price, which is fixed by their consent, with their employers.

SEC. 99. Exchange artels have insignia which they wear on their coats or their hats, in order that everyone may see and recognize his workmen, without knowing them personally, and may trust them with any charge of confidence.

SEC. 100. An employer who has secured the services of an artel can not employ artels from another association at the same time, and if the artel undertakes the execution of a work which requires more men than they can produce, they are bound to hire hands at their own expense.

SEC. 101. The occupation of all persons belonging to an artel is, without exception, one and the same-work and service-and each member receives an equal part of dividend from the proceeds of such work; that is to say, that those who have paid their entry fee get full pay, while the entry fee is deducted from the pay of those who had not yet settled this fee.

SEC. 102. The seniors and treasurers, who are occupied in the management of the affairs of the association, get the same share of pay as the rest of the members. SEC. 103. The term of service in the exchange-artel association is for not less than 1 year. An artel is not allowed to liquidate until it has accomplished the work it had undertaken.

SEC. 104. In seaports artel associations may be formed to freight and discharge vessels. The statutes of such associations must be confirmed by the minister of finance, the following regulations being observed:

(1) Artels enjoy no special rights for enterprises or work.

(2) Persons elected as seniors of the association by members of an artel can not enter upon their duties until they have been confirmed by the local director of

customs.

(3) The local police and director of customs must be supplied with a full list of the members of the association, and the exclusion of a member from the association as not worthy of the confidence placed in him takes place upon the presentation thereof by the governor, chief of police, or prefect of police, to the association.

(4) The local government direction has the right to dissolve an artel association in the case when the manner of acting of the association is recognized as being contrary to the statutes of the association or to the laws in force.