William Hale, of Detroit, is ́ clerk of the 1st Circuit; W. W. Lawrence, of Jackson, of the 2d; Edmund Rice, of Kalamazoo, of the 3d; and Alfred Treadway, of Pontiac, of the 4th. Circuit Courts.-There are four judicial circuits, in each of which, one of the judges of the supreme court presides. In each county, one or two terms of the court are held annually. These courts have original and exclusive jurisdiction of all civil actions and remedies at law, and of crimes and misdemeanors, except where exclusive jurisdiction is given to some other tribunal. They have all the powers of the former court of chancery, and appellate jurisdiction from probate cases, and from the county courts. County Courts. These courts are courts of record, and are held in each county by the county judge, or, in his absence, by the "second judge," on the 1st Monday in each month, or oftener. They have original and exclusive jurisdiction of all civil actions within the county where the claim does not exceed $500, except in ejectment, in probate cases, and in causes cognizable by justices of the peace, from whom an appeal lies to these courts. The judges are paid by fees. FINANCES. Total receipts into the Treasury in 1846, and balance of 1845, Balance, Nov. 30, 1846, $196,675.20 165,125.60 $31,549.60 Debt of the State. After making appropriate deductions of the payments on account of the sale of the Central and Southern Railroads, the balance of the state indebtedness is as follows: Due on the adjusted and full paid "five million loan bonds," $566,350.40 Deduct unpaid balances due on the sale of the Central and Southern Railroads, being available, The value of the taxable property of the state, as assessed for 1846, was $29,424,865.67; and the state tax of 2 mills on the dollar amounted to $73,562.13. The actual and entire "internal improvement debt," on the 30th November, 1846, including interest to January 1st, 1847, was $1,978,140.77, the annual interest on which $389,275.01 422,123.00 $811,398.01 were it all funded, would, at 6 per cent. on a part, and 7 per cent. on the remainder, amount to about $120,000. On the adjusted portion of the internal improvement debt, or what the state has received on her bonds issued for the "five-million loan," the interest has been funded, or authorized to be funded, to July 1st, 1845. The laws provide that the interest falling due semi-annually thereafter, shall be paid by a direct tax, to be levied and collected at the same time and in the same manner as other state taxes are levied and collected. Agreeably to the terms of the sale of the "Central Railroad," the company now in possession has paid into the treasury a sufficient sum to meet the interest due January and July, 1846, which has been applied to that purpose; and by the 28th September, 1847, they are to pay a further sum sufficient for the payment of the interest for January and July, 1847, on the said bonds which shall then remain outstanding, and which sum is also specifically appropriated for that purpose. A direct tax for the payment of such interest has not therefore yet been levied. Internal Improvement. The Central and Southern Railroads were sold by act of Legislature in 1846, to incorporated companies; the Central for $2,000,000, and the Southern for $500,000. On account of these sales, there have been received into the state treasury to July 1, 1847, in part payment for the Central Railroad, the sum of $1,656,190.34; and in part payment for the Southern Railroad, to same time, $75,000 with interest. For the revenue and disbursements on these roads from December 1, 1845, to the time of their sale, see ante, page 196. The earnings of the Central Railroad, since its purchase by the company to the 1st day of July, 1847, a period of about 9 months, have been as follows :—from freight, $197,148.20; from passengers, $89,532.17.-Total earnings, $288,756.70. Running expenses, $112,845.13, making the net proceeds from Sept. 23, 1846, to July 1, 1847, $175,911.57. Exports from Michigan in the year 1846, the Products of its Growth and Tonnage of Vessels enrolled in the Collection District of Detroit. Steam vessels, Sail vessels, Total tonnage, These vessels employ in their navigation about 1,800 seamen. 8,400.40-95 tons. 18,527.91-95 do. 26,928.31-95 tons. XXVI. INDIANA. Vincennes, in Indiana, was settled by French emigrants from Canada, near the beginning of the last century, and long remained a solitary village. But few settlements were made in the country till the commencement of the present century; since which time its increase in population has been very rapid. In 1800, Indiana was erected into a territorial government; in 1816 it was admitted into the Union as an independent state. GOVERNORS. William H. Harrison, appointed Governor of Indiana Territory, 1800. Every white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, resident in the state for one year next before the election, may vote. Representatives, in number not less than thirty-six, nor more than one hundred, shall be citizens of the United States, twenty-one years old, inhabitants of the state, residents of the county for one year next preceding the election, shall have paid a state or county tax, and shall be chosen on the first Monday in August. Senators (in number not less than one-third, nor more than one-half of the number of representatives) are chosen, at the same time, for three years, one-third every year, and shall be citizens of the United States, twenty-five years old, resident for the two years next before the election in the state, and for twelve months in their county or district. The General Assembly shall meet on the first Monday of every December. The governor and lieutenant-governor, who shall preside in the senate, shall be thirty years old, citizens of the United States for ten years, and residents of the state for five years next before the election, and shall be chosen for three years (but not more than six years in every nine) by a plurality of votes. If the office of governor be vacant, it shall be filled by the lieutenant-governor, and after him by the president of the senate pro tem. The governor may veto a bill; but a majority of the members of each house may pass it, notwithstanding his veto. The supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction only, and shall consist of three judges appointed by the governor and senate. One president and two associate judges shall form a circuit court in each circuit; the president being elected by joint ballot of the General Assembly, and the associates chosen by the people. All the judges hold office for seven years, with a compensation not diminishable during their term. Slavery is prohibited; and no indenture of a negro or mulatto made without the state shall be of any validity within the state. There may be a state bank with not more than one branch to every three counties; and there shall be no other banks incorporated after the date of the constitution. In all civil cases above $20, and all criminal cases, save those punishable by a fine of less than $3, there shall be a trial by jury. Justices of the peace are elected in townships for five years. Every twelfth year from the ratification of the constitution, the people shall vote for or against a convention; and if there be a majority of votes therefor, and a majority of the members of the General Assembly agree thereto, it shall be called. "But as the holding any part of the human creation in slavery, or involuntary servitude, can only originate in usurpation and tyranny, no alteration of the constitution shall ever take place so as to introduce slavery," except as a punishment for crimes. James Whitcomb, P. C. Dunning, Michael G. Bright, Samuel Beck, David Reynolds, Samuel H. Patterson, James B. Dillon, of Indianapolis, do. do. State Agent, Auditor of Public Accounts, 1,000 $1,000 and travelling expenses. of Indianapolis, Quartermaster-General, Adjutant-General. 100 100 of Jeffersonville, Keeper of the Penitentiary, Profits. of Indianapolis, State Librarian, 500 State Debt.-The debt of Indiana, on the 1st January, 1847, principal and interest, is stated by the auditor at (exclusive of original bank bonds*), Interest due on same from 1st January, 1841, to 1st January, 1847, 2. Domestic Debt. Six per cent. treasury notes, outstanding principal, Interest due on the same, Five per cent. treasury notes, outstanding, Interest due on the same, $15,271,250 $11,068,000 3,326,640 $14,394,940 These treasury notes are receivable on the face of them for all state revenues, and, making due allowance for the annual receipt of these on account of revenue, till they are absorbed, limited the ability of the state to four per cent. on the state stock, up to 1853. For the five per cent. treasury notes, there is a specific fund adequate to their redemption. The public debt is, by the terms of the act adjusting it, to be equally divided between the state and the Wabash and Erie Canal, and stood thus on the 1st January, 1847 : 1. State stock, one-half principal, bearing interest four per cent. till 1853, and thereafter, five per cent. till redeemed, Half back interest to 1st January, 1847, Deficit one per cent. interest, up to January, 1853, say, Estimated public debt, 1st January, 1853, $5,534,000 1,663,470 322,040 $7,519,510 The principal, bearing interest at five per cent., and the interest two and one-half per cent. from that date. Amount of annual interest to be paid by taxation, from 1847 to 1853, say $221,360; and after that, say $326,337. 2. Wabash and Erie Canal stock, issued for one-half principal, 1st January, 1847, bearing interest at five per cent. from 1st January, 1847, Half back interest to 1st January, 1847, 1st January, 1847, Wabash and Erie Canal stock, $5,534,000 1,663,470 $7,197,470 *There are $1,390,000 of original bank bonds, on which the interest is regularly paid by the bank. Above $8,000,000 of the state bonds had been surrendered, at the latest dates, |